ss of testicular cancer

8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer

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TESTICULAR CANCERPrepared by: (GROUP II)

Alvarez, DianeBatalon, HollandBigornia, EmelyCainap, Jenrey

Ducayag, MarjorieGasmen, Kristell Joy

Hernandez, AllanQuintos, AizlyTesoro, Medel



DEFINITION

• Occurs in the testicles (testes), whichare located inside the scrotum, a

loose bag of skin underneath thepenis.

• Most common cancer in menbetween ages of 15-40 years old,although it can occur in any age.



STAGING

• Stage I – cancer has not spreadbeyond the testicle

• Stage II – cancer has spread to lymphnodes in the abdomen

• Stage III – cancer has spread beyondthe lymph nodes (it could be as far asthe liver, lungs, or brain)



TYPES OF CANCER

• Seminoma. Tumors occur in all agegroups, but if an older man develops

testicular cancer, it is more likely to beseminoma..

• Nonseminoma. Tumors tend todevelop earlier in life and grow andspread rapidly.



Risk Factors

• Cryptorchidism (undescended testes)• Family history of testicular cancer• HIV infection• Age

• Race and ethnicity• Body size



CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• Testicular tumor is hard, painless.• Heavy and enlarged testis w/o pain is a

significant diagnostic finding

• Dull aching pain in the lower abdomen• Backache• Weight loss• General weakness• In some cases epididymis may develop

because of inflammation or gynecomastia(enlarged breasts) may become evident ifhormones are secreted by the tumor.



DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

• CT Scan – to determine the spread of the disease to thelymph nodes

• Lymphangiography – to assess the extent of tumor spread

to the lymphatic system• Chest X-ray – to assess for metastatis in the lungs.• Biopsy – encourages the spread and recurrence of the

tumor, exploration for diagnosis must be performed

carefully.• MRI – to assess the brain and spinal cord for metastasis• Ultrasound examination – to determine the presence and

size of the testicular mass.



TREATMENT

• Surgery (orchiectomy – does not usuallyinterfere with sexual function)

• Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

(RPLND) – performed after orchiectomy toprevent lymphatic spread of the cancer.• Radiation therapy – uses high-powered

energy beams, such as X-rays, to kill cancercells; delivered only to affected side; the othertestis is shielded from radiation to preservefertility

• Chemotherapy (greatly improve theprognosis)- uses drugs to kill cancer cells



PHARMACOTHERAPHY

• Carboplatin (Paraplatin)

• Cisplatin (Platinol)

• Vinblastine (Velban)

• Bleomycin (Blenoxane)

• Etoposide(Etopophos)



NURSING CONSIDERATION

Remind the importance of

performing TSE or Testicular Self

Examination which contribute to the

early detection .



Nursing interventions (radiation therapy)

• Observe for early signs of skin reaction andreport to the physician

• Keep area dry

• Wash area with water; no soap and pat dry(do not rub). Mild soap is permitted.• Do not apply ointments, powders or lotion in

the area. Cornstarch may be used.

• Do not apply heat; avoid direct sunshine orcold in the area.• Use soft cotton fabrics for clothing. To

prevent skin irritation.



Continue …

• Infection – due to bone marrow suppression• Monitor blood count weekly, especially WBC.• Good personal hygiene , nutrition and adequate

rest• Hemorrhage – platelets are vulnerable to radiation• Monitor platelet count• Avoid physical trauma• Monitor stool and skin for signs of hemorrhage• Fatigue – result of high metabolic demands for

tissue repair and toxic waste removal

• Plenty of rest and good nutrition



SURGICAL MANAGEMENT (Orchiect

• Explain the procedure and reassure the patient beforeorchiectomy

• Reassure him that sterility and impotence need not follow

unilateral orchiectomy, that synthetic hormones canrestore hormonal balance, and that most surgeons don’tremove the scrotum, a testicular prosthesis can correctanatomic disfigurement.

• Provide appropriate care after orchiectomy• Apply an ice pack to the scrutom and provide analgesic

as ordered for the first day after surgery



Continue . .

• Check for excessive bleeding, swelling and signsof infection

• Provide a scrotal athletic support to minimize pain

during ambulation• Give antiemetics as needed during chemotherapy• Encourage small, frequent meals to maintain oral

intake despite anorexia

• Establish a mouth care regimen and check forstomatitis

• Watch for signs of myelosuppression



POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

• Abdomen• Lungs• Retroperitoneal area (the area near the

kidneys)• Spine

Complications of surgery can include:• Bleeding and infection after surgery• Infertility (if both testicles are removed)



Thank you for listening !!

ss of testicular cancer

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