INCIDENTS REPORTED VIOLENT INCIDENTS AID WORKERS KILLED AID WORKERS RELOCATED535 60% 3 129 94

BUREAUCRATIC IMPEDIMENTS84

OPERATIONAL INTERFERENCES

In 2019, the overall humanitarian access to affected people improved, partly due to the signing of the revitalized peace agreement in late 2018. A total of 535 access incidents were reported, compared to 760 incidents in 2018, although many access constraints remained under-reported. However, the operational environment for humanitarians remained challenging due to a relative increase in bureaucratic access impediments. Over half of all incidents involved violence against humanitarian personnel and assets. A third of all incidents occurred in Central Equatoria. Close to 50 per cent of incidents were attributed to State security forces and civilian authorities. Three aid workers were killed in Morobo County, Central Equatoria, while delivering humanitarian assistance. A total of 129 humanitarians were relocated due to insecurity, the most significant incident being the relocation of 26 INGO staff from Maban County, Upper Nile, following a number of intrusions, assaults and theft. The main causes of staff relocations were inter-communal violence and cattle raiding in Upper Nile, Unity and Lakes. Forty-seven staff were detained, which impacted the speed of humanitarian operations. Humanitarians were requested to pay bribes by both State and non-State actors, which led to the detention of staff and threats of eviction. Humanitarian operations were disrupted by active hostilities and military operations in Mundri East

and Yei in Western and Central Equatoria, and Maiwut and Panyikang in Upper Nile. Clashes between the South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army-in-Opposition forces in Maiwut led to activities being suspended and staff evacuations. Conflict in Kajo-Keji, Lainya, Morobo and Yei counties in Central Equatoria between SSPDF and National Salvation Front led to a number of health workers being killed, the suspension of humanitarian operations and delivery of critical health services. Looting of humanitarian supplies continued to be a challenge in 2019. There were also physical access constraints such as the poor state of roads following the unusually heavy flooding. Moderate access gains were noted in Greater Baggari in Western Bahr el Ghazal. Humanitarians were also able to reach affected people by road and river in Jonglei and Upper Nile. A reduction in road blocks was reported along major roads in Juba, Rumbek-Wau and Unity. Sporadic fighting and security operations disrupted road movements in areas such as Yei, Lainya and Mundri East. Humanitarian organizations were able to visit Ezo, Nagero and Tambura counties in Western Equatoria freely for the first time since 2016. Security restrictions to Pagak, Maiwut County, were lifted, which enabled humanitarian flights to Pagak and Maiwut to resume for the first time since 2017.

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Final boundary between the Republic of South Sudan and the Republic of Sudan has not yet been determined. Final status of Abyei area is not yet determined. Humanitarian access concerns humanitarian actors’ ability to reach populations affected by crisis, as well as an affected population’s ability to access humanitarian assistance and services. | 1. Civilians include identifiable individuals such as beneficiaries, community leaders, youth or former staff.

Creation date: 18 February 2020 | Sources: OCHA, humanitarian partners | Feedback: accessreporting@un.org, ochasouthsudan@un.org | unocha.org/south-sudan | reliefweb.int/country/ssd | southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info | @OCHASouthSudan | #NotATarget 1

SOUTH SUDAN2019 Humanitarian Access Overview

ACCESS INCIDENTS

170

74

65

5644

40

33

22

1912

January to December 2019

Number of incidents by area

Number of incidents by county

>1001-5 6-10 11-100No data

DEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OFTHE CONGO

SUDAN

CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC

ETHIOPIA

KENYA

UGANDA

CentralEquatoria Eastern

Equatoria

WesternEquatoria

UpperNile

Jonglei

UnityWarrap

Lakes

Northern Bahr el Ghazal

Western Bahrel Ghazal

ABYEI REGION

See the reference map on page 5 for more information on the administrative areas

ATTRIBUTED TO INCIDENT TYPEAFFECTED AGENCIES

INCIDENT SEVERITY

2018-2019 INCIDENT TRENDS

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

20182019

54

42

5043 43

3529

58586058

52

48

65

78

3733

5952

80 80 80

49

52

SignificantModerateMinor

40% 36% 24%

UN

NNGO

INGO

50%

14%

36%

Non-State civilian authorities

Non-State armed forces

Civilians1

State civilian authorities

Criminals/unknown

State security forces

Restriction of movement

Active hostilities

Violence against assets

Operational interference

Bureaucratic impediments

Violence against personnel

7%

8%

15%

18%

36%

16%

27%

26%

19%

4%

15%

9%

2Creation date: 18 February 2020 | Sources: OCHA, humanitarian partners | Feedback: accessreporting@un.org, ochasouthsudan@un.org | unocha.org/south-sudan | reliefweb.int/country/ssd | southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info | @OCHASouthSudan | #NotATarget

A total of 319 violent incidents were reported in 2019. Three aid workers were killed in Morobo County, Central Equatoria, while delivering aid. This brings the number of aid workers killed since the conflict began to 115, and represents a sharp decline in aid worker deaths from 2018. The number of relocations dropped significantly in 2019, from 129 staff relocated in 11 incidents compared to 576 staff relocated in 28 incidents in 2018.

At least 47 staff were detained for extended periods in 26 incidents. Central Equatoria was the most insecure area for aid workers to operate, followed by Upper Nile. Criminals or unknown perpetrators were responsible for 44 per cent of all the incidents, while State security forces were responsible for a quarter of incidents. Violence or threats of violence against humanitarian personnel or assets accounted for 60 per cent of all the incidents.

Insecurity led to the relocation of 129 staff in 14 incidents and suspension of activities, with most of the relocations in Upper Nile. Two incidents of inter-communal fighting in Ulang resulted in the relocation of 45 humanitarian staff. A series of compound intrusions in Maban led to the relocation of 26 staff from the area. Over 19 humanitarian assets were confiscated, with threats to staff and demands for cash to negotiate their release. Ambushes and looting of trucks continued, with 14 looting incidents reported. Notable incidents included armed robberies in the Equatorias along Torit-Kapoeta and Torit-Juba roads, and in Terekeka.

Attacks on health facilities and medical staff continued to affect aid operations. Three health facilities were vandalized and looted in Lainya. In Mundri East, medical supplies were destroyed. Ebola Virus Disease screening centres along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Morobo County were closed following attacks that resulted in the death of three staff. Juba continued to face constraints, including threats, intimidation, harassment and detention of humanitarian staff. Movement of aid was restricted in Maiwut and Panyikang in Upper Nile, and Yei and Mundri East in the Equatorias as armed groups contested territorial control.

AID WORKERS KILLED BY YEAR

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

3

11

28

ATTRIBUTED TO

25

30

15

3

INCIDENT TYPE

Active hostilities

Violence against assets and facilities

Violence against personnel

14%

26%

60%

Non-State civilian authorities

State civilian authorities

Non-State armed forces

Civilians

State security forces

Criminals/unknown 44%

25%

18%

8%

4%

1%

RELOCATION OF AID WORKERS

129 aid workers relocated47 aid workers detained

DETENTION OF AID WORKERS

No data 11-100

Number of incidents by county

>1001-5 6-10

3 aid workers killed

44 active hostilities

319 3 47 129VIOLENT INCIDENTS REPORTED AID WORKERS KILLED AID WORKERS DETAINED AID WORKERS RELOCATED

SOUTH SUDAN: Violent attacks affecting aid workers, assets and operations 2019 Humanitarian Access Overview

VIOLENT INCIDENTS

Creation date: 18 February 2020 | Sources: OCHA, humanitarian partners | Feedback: accessreporting@un.org, ochasouthsudan@un.org | unocha.org/south-sudan | reliefweb.int/country/ssd | southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info | @OCHASouthSudan | #NotATarget

84 operational interferences

OPERATIONAL INTERFERENCE

38 restrictions of movement

RESTRICTION OF MOVEMENT

Number of incidents by county

>1001-5 6-10 11-100No data

94 bureaucratic/administrative impediment

NON-VIOLENT INCIDENTS

28

INCIDENT TYPE

ATTRIBUTED TO

NON-VIOLENT INCIDENTS BY MONTH

Restriction of movement

Operational interference

Bureaucratic access impediments

18%

39%

43%

21

27

14

21 2119

1414

4

22

12

Criminals/unknown

Non-State civilian authorities

Non-State armed forces

Civilians

State security forces

State civilian authorities 40%

30%

10%

10%

9%

1%

In 2019, a sharp rise in administrative and deliberate impediments on the humanitarian response made the effective delivery of humanitarian aid challenging. The year saw an increase of circulars demanding money, duplicate registrations at state and local levels, imposition of taxes and fees, interference in recruitment processes and inconsistent application of policies. Bureaucratic impediments, operational interference and restrictions in movement in both State and non-State areas accounted for close to half of all incidents. State civilian authorities and security forces were responsible for 71 per cent of the incidents. These demands became so pervasive that many organizations stopped reporting them and many gave in to the demands. A third of the non-violent access constraints were in Juba. However, some positive access gains were reported since the signing of the revitalized peace agreement.

Demands that NGOs register at national and state level delayed how organizations responded in 2019. Local authorities made new requests for land rental fees in locations where NGO compounds had been present for years. Authorities also demanded that agencies pay land subscription fees in Fangak in Jonglei, Fashoda and Panyikang in Upper Nile, and Yei in Central Equatoria. When agencies refused, they were threatened and had their movements restricted. Demands for agencies to recruit from certain communities also led to humanitari-ans being threatened in Pibor in Jonglei, Ezo in Western Equatoria, and Aweil Centre in Northern Bahr el Ghazal. The introduction of new bureaucratic requirements for transportation of supplies and the movement of humanitarian convoys resulted in delays. The demand for aircraft landing fees affected humanitarian movement in several areas, such as Duk and Fangak in Jonglei, and Fashoda and Nasir in Upper Nile. Heavy charges at checkpoints continued throughout the year and the illegal taxation on contracted trucks disrupted the delivery of humanitarian aid. There were incidents where humanitari-ans were unable to cross frontlines due to illegal permit demands and new travel authorization conditions.

3

NON-VIOLENT INCIDENTS REPORTED216 84 38

OPERATIONAL INTERFERENCES RESTRICTIONS OF MOVEMENT94

BUREAUCRATIC ACCESS IMPEDIMENTS

SOUTH SUDAN: Non-violent access constraints 2019 Humanitarian Access Overview

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

4

TOP 10 MINOR INCIDENTS

ATTRIBUTED TO

Administrative movement restrictions

Physical assault, injury, killing

Heavy and changing requirements

Other operational interference at field level

Humanitarian compound burglary

Suspension of humanitarian operations

Interference in response administration

Robbery, theft, ambush

Illegal fees, bribery

Threat, intimidation, harassment, extortion 20%

18%

12%

8%

7%

7%

7%

6%

3%

2%

Non-State armed forces

Non-State civilian authorities

Civilians

Criminals/unknown

State civilian authorities

State security forces 30%

25%

21%

15%

5%

4%

TOP 10 MODERATE INCIDENTS

ATTRIBUTED TO

Interference in response administration

Interference in response location

Suspension of humanitarian operations

Physical movement restrictions

Detention, arrest

Physical assault, injury, killing

Illegal fees, bribery

Other operational interference at field level

Threat, intimidation, harassment, extortion

Robbery, theft, ambush 23%

16%

11%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

4%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Non-State civilian authorities

Non-State armed forces

Civilians

State civilian authorities

State security forces

Criminals/unknown 29%

26%

17%

15%

9%

4%

Other operational interference at field level

Suspension of humanitarian operations

Administrative movement restrictions

Illegal fee, bribery

Relocation of staff

Humanitarian compound burglary

Looting

Physical movement restrictions

Physical assault, injury, killing

Robbery, theft, ambush

TOP 10 SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS

ATTRIBUTED TO

18%

9%

8%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

5%

5%

Non-State civilian authorities

State civilian authorities

Civilians

Non-State armed forces

State security forces

Criminals/unknown 31%

26%

15%

12%

11%

5%

Creation date: 18 February 2020 | Sources: OCHA, humanitarian partners | Feedback: accessreporting@un.org, ochasouthsudan@un.org | unocha.org/south-sudan | reliefweb.int/country/ssd | southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info | @OCHASouthSudan | #NotATarget

2019 Humanitarian Access OverviewSOUTH SUDAN: Severity of access constraints

DEFINITIONS OF INCIDENT SEVERITY

SIGNIFICANTSerious incidents causing severe impact on staff, assets or response (e.g. prolonged detentions, staff injured/killed, assets stolen/damaged, premises attacked, insecurity causing relocation of staff or suspension of activities)

MODERATEIncidents with serious effect on staff, assets or response (e.g. staff detained for a day, staff threatened, injured or robbed, assets slightly damaged, partial lootings, burglary, temporary restriction of movement)

MINORIncidents of minor severity, without notable impact to staff, assets or response (e.g. staff temporarily stopped, assets temporarily confiscated, negligible theft/robbery)

DEFINITIONS OF ACCESS CONSTRAINTS

Bureaucratic/administrative impediments: Complex bureaucratic requirements affecting timely and principled delivery of humanitarian assistance (e.g. taxation, fees or duties, delays or denials of required paperwork, heavy procedures, changing rules or requirements)

Operational interference in the implementation of humanitarian activities: Direct interference (usually by political or military actors) with humanitarian activities (e.g. pressure to work in specific areas or link assistance to political or military agenda, interference in methodology or selection of staff/ vendors/ beneficiaries)

Restriction of movement of organizations, personnel or goods within or into the country: Impediments to freedom of movement as experienced by humanitarian partners to reach affected people and transport essential relief items (e.g. physical restrictions such as checkpoints, administrative restrictions or blockages granting access into/in the country)

Violence against humanitarian personnel: Politically or economically motivated violence, as well as exposure to incidental violence, directly affecting humanitarian personnel while on duty (e.g. threats of violence, harassment, physical assault, detention/arrest, robbery)

Violence against humanitarian assets and facilities: Politically or economically motivated violence, as well as exposure to incidental violence, directly affecting humanitarian assets and facilities (e.g. compound burglaries, looting of items, destruction of assets, commandeering/hijacking)

Active hostilities, military operations and inter-communal conflict impeding humanitarian operations: Implications of hostilities, military activities or inter-communal conflict by parties to the conflict or other weapon bearers for the movement of people and goods (e.g. suspension of operations or relocation of staff)

SEVERITY OF INCIDENTS

Violence against humanitarian personnel remained the most prevalent access difficulty in South Sudan in 2019. Nearly a quarter of all incidents were significant in their severity and severely impacted the humanitarian response. Harming staff, physical assaults, detentions, compound incursions, ambushes, theft and looting were the most significant incidents reported. State authorities, criminals/unknown and non-State authorities were each responsible for close to a third of the significant incidents. Moderate and minor incidents accounted for 36 and 40 per cent of all incidents respectively, and largely involved unnecessary administrative procedures, illegal taxation and fees, interference with operations, threats and intimidation of staff, theft and compound intrusions.

Yei

Lui

Ezo

Ibba

Akot

Ayod Waat

Nyal

Renk

Kaka

Dajo

Guit

RajaLeer

Adok

Tonj

Boma

Nasir

Wullu

Bunj

Mogos

Adior

Narus

Magwi

Pibor

Mvolo

Tonga

Akobo

Melut

Oriny

Mayom

Yirol

Lafon

Nzara

Mundri

Lainya

Maiwut

Nimule

Kongor

Warrap

BalietAtar 2

Nagero

Maridi

Ikotos

Morobo

Cueibet

Kapoeta

Pochala

Awerial

Yomding

Turalei

Gogrial

Tambura

Kuajiena

Terekeka

Lunyaker

Chukudum

Abiemnom

War-Awar

Kajo-keji

Riangnhom

Gok-MacharOld Fangak

Duk FadiatMaper

Bor

Wau

Juba

Torit

Aweil

Yambio

Rumbek

Kuajok

Bentiu

Malakal

S O U T H S U D A N

S U D A N

C E N T R A LA F R I C A N

R E P U B L I C

D E M O C R A T I CR E P U B L I C O F

T H E C O N G O

E T H I O P I A

K E N Y A

U G A N D A

JONGLEI

LAKES

UPPER NILE

UNITYWARRAP

WESTERNEQUATORIA

EASTERNEQUATORIA

WESTERN BAHREL GHAZAL

CENTRALEQUATORIA

NORTHERNBAHR ELGHAZAL

Raga

Pibor

Wau

Juba

Lafon

Uror

Ayod

Wulu

KapoetaEast

Ezo Ibba

Yei

Baliet

Renk

Duk

Maban

Akobo

Bor South

Tambura

Budi

Nagero

Melut

Torit

Maridi

Nyirol

Pariang

Terekeka

Yambio

Jur River

Nzara

Tonj North

Fangak

Manyo

Pochalla

Mvolo

Aweil Centre

Koch

Twic

Abyei region

Ulang

Guit

Magwi

TonjSouth

Cueibet

LongochukAweil East

Twic East

Awerial

Panyijiar

Yirol East

Mayom

Ikotos

Lainya

Maiwut

Panyikang

Yirol West

Tonj East

MundriWest

Aweil West Canal/Pigi

MundriEast

Fashoda

Rubkona

KapoetaNorth

Leer

Gogrial East

Mayendit

Kajo-keji

Rumbek North

Aweil North

GogrialWest

Luakpiny/Nasir

Rumbek East

RumbekCentre

Abiemnhom

Morobo

AweilSouth

Malakal

KapoetaSouth

International boundary

State boundary

County boundary

Undetermined boundary

Abyei region

Country capital

State capital

Administrative centre

0 10050 km

Primary road

Secondary road

Tertiary road

Main river

SOUTH SUDANBase map with roads and rivers

The administrative boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. Final status of Abyei area is not yet determined.Creation date: January 2020 | Sources: OCHA, SSNBS | Feedback: to ochasouthsudan@un.org | unocha.org/south-sudan | reliefweb.int/country/ssd | southsudan.humanitarianresponse.info