SRF Linac Development for Indian Energy Program

Shekhar Mishra

Fermilab

Rakesh Bhandari and Vinod Sahni VECC & BARC

IIFC Collaboration

Introduction

• Indian Institutions and Fermilab have been collaborating on High Energy Physics, since 1986.

• In 2003, Indian Institutions and Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC) initiated an effort to expand this collaboration to include High Intensity Proton Accelerator R&D and related Physics programs. (http://iifc.fnal.gov)– Indian Department of Atomic Energy Laboratories

• BARC, RRCAT, VECC, IGCAR, NFC, TIFR – Universities

• IUAC, University of Delhi, Pubjab, IITs, BHU, Cochin, …

• Collaboration is doing joint R&D for High Intensity Proton SRF Linac development for their respective programs.– Fermilab

• High Energy Physics (HEP), Nuclear Physics (NP), Nuclear Energy (NE)– India

• Nuclear Energy Program in India, and HEP, NP and NE at Fermilab

Indian DAE: Accelerator

BARC-TIFR: Heavy Ion Accelerator

Accelerator layout

Superconducting LINAC Booster

Pelletron

Beam hall

Helium Refrigerator

Superbuncher + 3 Modules

4 M

odules

to new beam hall

Analyzing magnet

IUAC: Pelletron and SRF Linac

Upgrade to ECR based High Current Injector

Laboratory capable of developing SRF

accelerator

VECC: Cyclotron and RIB• Superconducting Cyclotron• Radioactive Ion Beam Facility• R&D on Superconducting RF Linac• Strength

– Cryogenic– Mechanical Engineering– RF Power

RRCAT: 2.5 GeV Light Source

Indus-2 Ring in the Tunnel RF Cavities installed in Indus-2 Ring

Long Straight Section LS-6 Assembly Transport Line-3 Joining on to Indus-2

India: LHC Accelerator Contribution

7080 Nos. Magnet Positioning

System Jacks MCS (1146 Units) &

MCDO (616 Units)

Magnetic measurements teams- ~100 Man-years

5500 Nos. Quench Heater Power supplies( QHPS)

1435 Nos. Local Protection Units

A part of DAE’s contributions installed in LHC Tunnel at CERN

Proton IS50 keV

RFQ3 MeV

DTL20 MeV

DTL/CCDTL

Super-conducting

SC Linac

1 GeV

100 MeV

Normal Conducting

High current injector 20 MeV, 30 mA

Design completed and fabrication is in progress

ECR Ion Source RFQ DTL

Beginning/End Cell Coupling Cell Elliptical SC Cavity

Phase 1

Phase II

Phase III

Accelerator Development for ADS

Nuclear Power Reactor

Start of construction to power on grid in about Five yrs.

Indo-US Nuclear Treaty

Indian: 10-15 Years Strategy

• A multi-MW Proton Source is one of part of 3rd stage– Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV could be the accelerator technology

demonstration project corresponding to 10s of MW electrical power if applied to a suitable Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor.

• Indian DAE laboratories armed with these expertise in accelerator and reactor technologies have proposed to enter in the 3rd stage of its Nuclear Energy Program.

11

Fermilab: 10 Years Strategy

12

• A multi-MW Proton Source, Project-X, is the main part of Fermilab’s strategy for future development of the accelerator complex.– 3 MW, CW H- beam at 3 GeV– 2 MW, pulsed beam at 60-120 GeV from the Main Injector

Jan 2009: Addendum MOU III

• MOU that includes All SRF aspects of – High Intensity Proton Accelerator.– SRF infrastructure – Personnel exchange and Training

of manpower– Indian Industries involvement

• Working to expand this collaboration to all aspects of the Linac.

Phase I: R&D @ Indian Institutions

• Fermilab is developing HIPA (Project-X) as a national project with International participation.– Indian DAE laboratories are 1st international partner.

• Indian Accelerator Program for Nuclear Energy and Fermilab High Intensity Proton Accelerator program are aligned by design.

Indian Institution

SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 β=0.6 β=0.9

325 MHz2.5-160 MeV

ILC

1.3 GHz 2-3 GeV

650 MHz 0.16-2 GeV

SRF Infrastructure

IUAC: Fabrication of SSR1

• SSR1 cavities are under fabrication at IUAC

Major components of SSR1 – = 0.22, f = 325 MHz

Formed Niobium Half cell

InspectionForming Machining

RRCAT: Development of Elliptical Cavity

• RRCAT is developing a complete SRF facility for elliptical cavities, design, fabrication, processing and testing.

Setting inside IUAC EBW Chamber

Frequency measurement

0 10 20 30 401.0E+08

1.0E+09

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

TE1CAT002 - Q vs. ETest on 3/3/2010

Eacc [MV/m]

Q0

Rad

iati

on

[m

R/h

]

1-cell Cavity 2k test result

• These cavities have been barrel polished at Fermilab and awaits further processing and testing.

• RRCAT in collaboration with IUAC will fabricate 2, 7 cell, 1300 MHz cavities to validate their procedure and infrastructure.

• Cavities were processed (ANL) and tested at Fermilab.

• No Field Emission• Quench at Equator (~20

MV/m)• The equator weld and

welding procedure will need improvements.

650 MHz, 1-cell development

• Design and manufacturing of 650 MHz cavity• Calculation of Mechanical Deformation for b = 0.6 and b

= 0.9 single cell cavityBoth ends fixed

Applied Pressure= 2 Bar

Max stress = 33.4 MPaMax Displacement= 85.5 um

One end open

Applied Pressure =2 bar

Max stress = 75.4 MPaMax Displacement= 0.942 um

650 MHz Cryomodule DesignBased on TESLA/ILC Cryomodule design: Vacuum Vessel 46 in diameter.

Retaining essential features of T4CM design.

Incorporating Value Engineering Changes.

The Cross section

The 3-D Model

RRCAT-FNAL CRYOMODULERRCAT-FNAL CRYOMODULE

The 3-D Model (Under designing)

Cavity Processing Building (Expected to be ready by mid of 2011)• The building will house clean rooms

Electron Beam welding machine, High Vacuum Annealing Furnace, Electro-polishing setup, Centrifugal barrel polishing machine etc.

SCRF Lab Building (Expected to be ready by mid of 2011)• The building will house Cavity forming

facility, machining facilities, CMM, SIMS, material testing facility etc

SRF Infrastructure Development

Indigenous Development of Nb

NFC, Hyderabad (materials development)

RRCAT, Indore ( electrical and superconducting properties, elemental analysis)

SUMMARY & COMPARISION OF TEST RESULTS

S.No. Source Sample IDRRCAT RRR

Results   

Measurement results

1 NFC Nb/NFC/I80Nb III/U/B

96 ( 20.03.09)

 

2 NFC Nb/NFC/IU1/Ti clad expt98

( 06.04.09)

Phase II: Non-SRF Elements

• The Phase II of this collaboration is under discussion. It is expected to expand all non SRF areas of Project-X– Tied to the construction of Project-X at Fermilab

• Elements of Phase II:

– Front End: Source and RFQ

– 325 MHz RF Power

– Instrumentations and Controls

– Superconducting Magnet

– Cryogenics

Schematic of the ECR Ion Source

Ion source with 3 electrode extraction system made & Testing is in progress

BARC: ECR Ion Source

• Five electrodes• 2.45 GHz• 50 keV• 50 mA• 0.02 cm-mrad

BARC: 325 MHz RFQ Design Parameters Value Units

I/O energy 0.05/2.5 MeV

Ion H-

Current 10 mA

Frequency 325 MHz

R0 0.365 cm

Rho 0.321 cm

Synchronous phase -30 deg

Vane Voltage 77.4 kV

Modulation 1.95

Es 29.25 MV/m

Input RMS emittance 0.025 pi cm-mrad

Total length 2.9 m

RF power 290 kW

Output RMS emittance 0.027 pi cm-mrad

Output long emittance 0.188 deg-MeV

Transmission 96 %

Total Power Gain : 20 dB 3dB Band width : 10 MHz No. of modules : 4 plus 1 drive module Efficiency : 50% Devices LR301, DMD1029 VSWR of each Module & Total amplifier : <1.2

Wilkinson designed based power combiners /splitters at 2KW (1:8) and 1KW (1:4) power levels

At 1KW, with transmission loss of < 7%. Return Loss :> 20dB at combining port and >13 dB

at dividing ports Isolation >28 dB 8 modules test set-up for 2.5 kW is underway Single RF module

RF amplifier set up

1:8, 2 kW power combiner1:4, 1 kW power combiner

BARC: Solid-state Amplifier

325 MHz

Summary

• Indian accelerator laboratories have indigenously build and operate several SRF injectors.– Significant “In-Kind” contribution to LHC

• The 3rd stage of the Indian Nuclear Energy program would require a high power proton accelerator for Transmutation and Thorium based reactor.

• Indian Institutes and Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC) are jointly working on all aspects of SRF accelerator R&D– That could lead to high power, CW, SRF Proton Linac in

respective countries.

• Considerable progress are being made in• Cavity and Cryomodule (325, 650 and 1300 MHz)• SRF Infrastructure• 325 and 650 MHz RF Power• Instrumentation and Controls