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SQL Loader Part 1

Overview:

SQL LOADER is an Oracle utility used to load data into table given a datafile which has the records that

need to be loaded. SQL*Loader takes data file, as well as a control file, to insert data into the table.

When a Control file is executed, it can create Three (3) files called log file, bad file or reject file,

discard file.

Log file tells you the state of the tables and indexes and the number of logical records already

read from the input datafile. This information can be used to resume the load where it left off.

Bad file or reject file gives you the records that were rejected because of formatting errors or

because they caused Oracle errors.

Discard file specifies the records that do not meet any of the loading criteria like when any of the

WHEN clauses specified in the control file. These records differ from rejected records.

Structure of the data file:

The data file can be in fixed record format or variable record format.

Fixed Record Format would look like the below. In this case you give a specific position where the Control

file can expect a data field:

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 12/17/1980 800

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 2/20/1981 1600

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 2/22/1981 1250

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 4/2/1981 2975
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7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 9/28/1981 1250

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 5/1/1981 2850

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 6/9/1981 2450

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 12/9/1982 3000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 11/17/1981 5000

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 9/8/1981 1500

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1/12/1983 1100

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 12/3/1981 950

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 12/3/1981 3000

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1/23/1982 1300

Variable Record Format would like below where the data fields are separated by a delimiter.

Note: The Delimiter can be anything you like. In this case it is |

1196700|9|0|692.64

1378901|2|3900|488.62

1418700|2|2320|467.92


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1418702|14|8740|4056.36

1499100|1|0|3.68

1632800|3|0|1866.66

1632900|1|70|12.64

1637600|50|0|755.5

Structure of a Control file:

Sample CTL file for loading a Variable record data file:

OPTIONS (SKIP = 1) The first row in the data file is skipped without loading

LOAD DATA

INFILE $FILE Specify the data file path and name

APPEND type of loading (INSERT, APPEND, REPLACE, TRUNCATE

INTO TABLE APPS.BUDGET the table to be loaded into

FIELDS TERMINATED BY | Specify the delimiter if variable format datafile

OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY the values of the data fields may be enclosed in

TRAILING NULLCOLS columns that are not present in the record treated as null


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(ITEM_NUMBER TRIM(:ITEM_NUMBER), Can use all SQL functions on columns

QTY DECIMAL EXTERNAL,

REVENUE DECIMAL EXTERNAL,

EXT_COST DECIMAL EXTERNAL TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE (TRIM(:EXT_COST)) ,

MONTH to_char(LAST_DAY(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,-1)),DD-MON-YY) ,

DIVISION_CODE CONSTANT AUD Can specify constant value instead of Getting value from

datafile

)

OPTION statement precedes the LOAD DATA statement. The OPTIONS parameter allows you to specify

runtime arguments in the control file, rather than on the command line. The following arguments can be

specified using the OPTIONS parameter.

SKIP = n Number of logical records to skip (Default 0)

LOAD = n Number of logical records to load (Default all)

ERRORS = n Number of errors to allow (Default 50)

ROWS = n Number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves(Default: Conventional Path 64, Direct path all)

BINDSIZE = n Size of conventional path bind array in bytes (System-dependent default)

SILENT = {FEEDBACK | ERRORS | DISCARDS | ALL} Suppress messages during run


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(header, feedback, errors, discards, partitions, all)

DIRECT = {TRUE | FALSE} Use direct path (Default FALSE)

PARALLEL = {TRUE | FALSE} Perform parallel load (Default FALSE)

LOADDATA statement is required at the beginning of the control file.

INFILE: INFILE keyword is used to specify location of the datafile or datafiles.

INFILE* specifies that the data is found in the control file and not in an external file. INFILE $FILE, can

be used to send the filepath and filename as a parameter when registered as a concurrent program.

INFILE /home/vision/kap/import2.csv specifies the filepath and the filename.

Example where datafile is an external file:

LOAD DATA

INFILE /home/vision/kap/import2.csv

INTO TABLE kap_emp

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ,

( emp_num, emp_name, department_num, department_name )

Example where datafile is in the Control file:

LOAD DATA


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INFILE *

INTO TABLE kap_emp



BEGINDATA

7369,SMITH,7902,Accounting

7499,ALLEN,7698,Sales

7521,WARD,7698,Accounting

7566,JONES,7839,Sales

7654,MARTIN,7698,Accounting

Example where file name and path is sent as a parameter when registered as a concurrent program

LOAD DATA

INFILE $FILE

INTO TABLE kap_emp



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TYPE OF LOADING:

INSERT If the table you are loading is empty, INSERT can be used.

APPEND If data already exists in the table, SQL*Loader appends the new rows to it. If data doesnt

already exist, the new rows are simply loaded.

REPLACE All rows in the table are deleted and the new data is loaded

TRUNCATE SQL*Loader uses the SQL TRUNCATE command.

INTOTABLEis required to identify the table to be loaded into. In the above example INTO TABLE

APPS.BUDGET, APPS refers to the Schema and BUDGET is the Table name.

FIELDS TERMINATED BY specifies how the data fields are terminated in the datafile.(If the file is

Comma delimited or Pipe delimited etc)

OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY specifies that data fields may also be enclosed by quotation marks.

TRAILINGNULLCOLS clause tells SQL*Loader to treat any relatively positioned columns that are not

present in the record as null columns.

Loading a fixed format data file:

LOAD DATA

INFILE sample.dat

INTO TABLE emp


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( empno POSITION(01:04) INTEGER EXTERNAL,

ename POSITION(06:15) CHAR,

job POSITION(17:25) CHAR,

mgr POSITION(27:30) INTEGER EXTERNAL,

sal POSITION(32:39) DECIMAL EXTERNAL,

comm POSITION(41:48) DECIMAL EXTERNAL,

deptno POSITION(50:51) INTEGER EXTERNAL)

Steps to Run the SQL* LOADER from UNIX:

At the prompt, invoke SQL*Loader as follows:

sqlldr USERID=scott/tiger CONTROL= LOG=

SQL*Loader loads the tables, creates the log file, and returns you to the system prompt. You can check

the log file to see the results of running the case study.

Register as concurrent Program:

Place the Control file in $CUSTOM_TOP/bin.

Define the Executable. Give the Execution Method as SQL*LOADER.


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Define the Program. Add the Parameter for FILENAME.

Skip columns:

You can skip columns using the FILLER option.

Load Data

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(

name Filler,

Empno ,

sal

)

here the column name will be skipped.

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