spx - technical integration wbs 1.03.03 ali nassiri rf group leader spx technical lead accelerator...
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SPX - Technical IntegrationWBS 1.03.03
Ali NassiriRF Group LeaderSPX Technical LeadAccelerator Systems Division
DOE CD-2 Review of APS-U4-6 December 2012
Outline
Scope Org Chart Goals and Requirements Design Technical challenges Integrated R&D plan Technical risks Responses to previous reviews recommendations ES&H Summary
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Symmetric 150 mA in 24 bunches
153 ns spacing
SPX Goal Provide a short-pulse x-ray system (SPX) delivering few pico-second x-ray pluses
to the APS users. This system is based on superconducting RF deflecting cavities operated in continuous-wave mode.
– Up to 4 ID and 2 BM beam lines, operation in 24 singlets mode This system must meet several operational requirements:
— Minimize frequency of interruption of user experiments with the deflecting cavities— Be transparent to the storage ring operation with beam when the power to the deflecting cavities is off, cavities detuned and parked at other than 2 K
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Cav ID BM
Long straight section 5 ID (8 meters long)
Long straight section 7 ID ( 8 meters long)
Normal straight section 6 ID ( 5 meters long)Cryomodule length: ~ 3meters
HOM Damper
HOM Damper
Input Coupler
LOM Damper
Sector 5 Sector 7
Girder 5
Sector 7 LSS Layout Revolver undulator
Long taper transition
Gate valve Bellows
SPX cryomodule Girder 1
X-ray
Stored beam
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
SPX Main Parameters
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Parameter SPXBeam current 150 mARF frequency 2815 MHzCavity deflecting voltage 0.5 MVTotal RF deflecting voltage per cryomodule 2 MVNo. of cavities 4 ( per cryomodule)No. of cryomodule 2Cavity tunability 200 kHza
Source tunability 5 kHzb
Operating temperature 2 K
a To cover more than on SR revolution harmonicbTo allow for reasonable range of SR circumference change base on experimental studies of new APS lattices
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
SPX Technical Systems Two cryomodules with four superconducting rf deflecting cavities in each cryomodule.
Each cavity is equipped with a mechanical/piezo tuner, a fundamental frequency power coupler and lower- higher-order-mode waveguide dampers.
Eight 10-kW rf amplifiers operated in continuous wave mode Eight low-level rf controllers, one per cavity, to independently regulate and control each
cavity field Fiber-based highly-stable phase reference lines distribution for timing and
synchronization to LLRF, beam-line lasers and storage ring main rf frequency. Diagnostics for inside and outside of the SPX zones. Controls system to provide remote monitoring and control to all SPX subsystems,
interfaces to other APS systems, real-time data processing and thorough diagnostic information and tools for faults troubleshooting and postmortem analysis.
Safety interlock system including personnel protection interlocks and access control interlock
A cryoplant with the design capacity of 320 W at 2K and 500 W at 4.5K Deionized water system distribution
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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ls P
VR
2
2
GHzM.fRps
440
Stability Threshold
Monopole stability threshold
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2
20
rkP
VR
l
rr
t
mMRt /3.1 m/M.R
t 93
Horizontal dipole
Vertical dipole
Dipole Stability Threshold
Stability Threshold
Stability Threshold
SPX Cavity Longitudinal and Transverse Impedance
Dip
ole
impe
danc
e in
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tical
(defl
ectin
g) d
irecti
on (
/m)
Dip
ole
impe
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e in
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izon
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irecti
on (
/m)
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
RF Distribution Topology Narrow-band cavities make it difficult to do vector-sum of cavities because of
potential large fluctuation of cavities fields due to microphonics. One rf source per cavity mitigates this problem.
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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Centralized (it is not desirable)
One rf source/cavity SPX Baseline
RF Transmitter Configuration
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 20128
Master Oscillator
LLRF
Driver Ampl
Power AmplWaveguide
Circulator
Deflecting Cavity
Power Supply/modulator
Aux. Controls
o Phase/ Ampl loopso Cavity tuning loopo Interlocks
Small for SC cavities Large for NC cavities ~ 20% to 30% ~ 30 to 40%Due to beam offset ( )
PRF = PBeam loading + PCavity detuning + PCavity loss + PWG loss + POverhead
0 + m
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 20129
Beam current = 150mA Beam sigma = 40psec 5 kW sourceCommon mode phase error = 0 10 KW sourceBeam vertical tilt = 0
(Vt > 0 , offset > 0)(Vt < 0 , offset < 0)
QL Detuningdelta-f [Hz]
Static CavityPhase Error due to Detuning [deg]
Verticalmisalignment [um]
Cavity Input Power Pg [KW]
Source Power(1dB wg loss, 20% overhead) [KW]
Source Power(1dB wg loss, 40% overhead) [KW]
1E+06 0 0 0 1.74 2.63 3.071E+06 0 0 500 2.71 4.10 4.781E+06 200 8 0 1.78 2.68 3.131E+06 200 8 500 2.75 4.15 4.851E+06 1000 35 0 2.64 3.98 4.651E+06 1000 35 500 3.61 5.45 6.362E+06 0 0 0 0.88 1.33 1.552E+06 0 0 500 1.96 2.96 3.452E+06 200 16 0 0.95 1.44 1.682E+06 200 16 500 2.03 3.07 3.582E+06 1000 55 0 2.66 4.01 4.682E+06 1000 55 500 3.73 5.64 6.583E+06 0 0 0 0.59 0.89 1.043E+06 0 0 500 1.77 2.68 3.133E+06 200 23 0 0.70 1.05 1.223E+06 200 23 500 1.88 2.84 3.313E+06 1000 65 0 3.25 4.90 5.723E+06 1000 65 500 4.43 6.69 7.81
Summary of SPX Cavity RF Power Requirement SPX deflecting cavity input RF power is between 2.75 kW to 4.43 kW. Taking into account a 1dB waveguide loss and a 40% RF power overhead, the required
RF power varies between 4. 85 kW to 7.81 kW. SPX preliminary design calls for 10-kW, 2815-MHz CW klystron-based RF transmitter
which is currently in the APS-U SPX baseline. In response to a recommendation by the CD-2 Director’s Review Committee, we will
have several opportunities to measure cavities microphonics culminating in SPX0 system in-ring test in 2014 to determine if the required RF power level could be reduced.
We will consider solid-state RF amplifiers for the SPX defecting cavities if the required cavity input power ( including a 40% overhead) is 5-kW or less.
Since the minimal required RF peak power is directly proportional to the maximum peak detuning, we need to have a good and realistic estimate of the peak cavity detuning when determining the required RF peak power.
If the installed RF power is not adequate, the RF transmitter will run against its maximum output power, which would likely result in cavity trip each time the cavity detuning exceeds the estimated peak detuning.
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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Technical Systems – High Level RF Deliver sufficient rf power to eight rf
deflecting cavities ( two cryomodules, four cavities per cryomodule). Cavities are operated at 2815 MHz at a nominal 0.5 MV per cavity.
SPX baseline design consists of eight 10-KW CW klystron amplifiers
Required rf power level will be reevaluated once microphonics of “dressed” cavity and SPX0 cryomodule are measured.
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Technical Systems – Low Level RF Regulate and control individual cavity
amplitude and phase of the cavity fields The LLRF system is partitioned into two
separate sector-level LLRF system– Four individual LLRF controllers
See Doug Horan’s talk
See Larry Doolittle’s talk
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Technical Systems – Cavities and Cryomodules Deflecting cavities will operate cw at 2815 MHz, using the TM110
cavity mode to produce a head-tail chirp of the beam Mark II cavity with horizontal waveguide damper on the cavity body
utilizes a “dogbone”- shape coupling iris for enhanced damping The cavity design was guided by various beam-interaction
requirements, including single-bunch current limit and coupled-bunch instabilities
Cavity design meets SPX storage ring stabilities threshold limits
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See Genfa Wu’s and John Mammosser’s talks
LOM damper
HOM damper
FPC
Quantity Value Unit
Frequency 2815 MHz
1 109
0.5 MV
Stored energy 0.38 J
Loss factor, 0.28 V/pC
18.6
Epeak 41 MV/m
Bpeak 100 mT
Ploss @ = 109 7 W
uQ
tV
uk
Q
R
0Q
Ibeam = 150 mA
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Technical Systems – Dampers SPX requires eight deflecting cavities with a total of 16 HOM dampers and 8 LOM dampers Rf windows are used for LOM and FPC HOM damper is broadband (~ 2.5 GHz - ~8 GHz) HOM dampers and cavity have common vacuum
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HOM waveguide
LOM waveguide
FPC waveguide
Beam induced losses through waveguide ports
FPC: 160 W
LOM: 1.53 kWHOM: 265 W
Beam pipe: ~ 15W
k|| = 0.367 V/pC (σ = 10mm).
See Geoff Waldschmidt’s talk
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
SPX Cryomodule Estimated Heat LoadComponent @2K ( W)
Static Dynamic TotalCavity ( 4) 32 32HOM (8) 3.04 13.52 16.56LOM (4) 5.44 0.84 6.28PFC (4) 4.56 1.88 6.44Beam tubes 0.60 0.70 1.30Static cryostat estimate 18.0 18.0Total 31.64 48.94 80.58
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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SPX Cryogenic System Cryogenic plant and distribution system
– Provides helium at 300 kPa, 4.6 K to the distribution system– The helium is cooled to 2.2 K within each cryomodule by heat exchanger with the 2.0K saturated
vapor return stream– The 2.2K, 300 kPa supply is throttled to 2.00K, 3.13 kPa and supplied to the cavities
Cryoplants typically sized for 100% design margin– SPX total heat load per cryomodule is estimated at ~80W– Two (2) cryomodules– SPX production design head load is estimated at 160 W– LHe ( 2.0K) refrigerator is sized for 320 W
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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Quantity Capacity
System
Refrigeration @2.0K ( static + dynamic) 160 W Two cryomodules ( 4 cavities/each
Refrigeration @4.5K (static) 500 W Distribution and thermal intercept head loads
Thermal shied cooling @80K (static) 4 kW LN2
Machine Protection Considerations Protection of SPX rf system hardware from excessive beam-generated rf power is
required. For machine projection considerations, the beam generated cavity voltage was
calculated for pure beam offsets with zero cavity detuning as a function of Qext .
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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Technical Systems – Timing/Synchronization Provide stable phase references
needed to drive deflecting cavities and measure the effects on the electron beam both inside and outside of the SPX zones
Provide stable phase reference to sector beam lines lasers for synchronization to the x-ray beam pulses
See Frank Lenkszus’ talk
Parameter Rms tolerance
Bandwidth
Common-mode phase variation
< 10° 0.01 Hz – 271 kHz
Phase mismatch between cavities
< 0.038° < 0.077 ° < 0.280 °
0.01 Hz – 200 Hz 0.01 Hz – 1kHz 1 kHz – 271 kHz
Beam line laser synchronization to x-ray pulse
< 270 fs 0.01 Hz – 1 kHz
Key Specifications
Technical Systems – Controls Integrate SPX system with existing APS
storage ring controls, timing and diagnostics Provide remote monitoring, control,
interfaces, real-time data processing environment and diagnostics information and tools for troubleshooting and postmortem fault analysis
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012 See Ned Arnold’s talk
Technical Systems – DiagnosticsInside the SPX zone (Sectors 6 and 7): Provide transverse beam-centroid coordination so the electron bunch can be put through
the cryomodules close to the center of the cavities. Provide beam-position readbacks at both end of 6-ID chamber. (16 existing BPMs, 6 new) Quantify the effect of the deflecting cavities by measuring the beam tilt angle at a location
downstream of the first cryomodule. (One rf tilt monitor)External to SPX zone: Measure the beam arrival time with respect to a phase reference and provide this
information to a real-time data network for use in the low-level rf controls of the deflecting cavities. (One rf BAT monitor, two rf tilt monitors)
Measure residual emittance increase ( mostly in vertical plan). Use vertical beam-size monitor located at a specific vertical betatron phase relative to the cavities. (One beam size monitor)
Use existing beam position monitors to assure minimal impact of SPX on non-SPX beam lines.
Real-time feed back system upgrade provides significant improvements– Access to phase detectors beam tilt monitors supporting SPX– Interfaced to main and SPX low-level RF (LLRF) systems – 3 db BW > 200 Hz ( correctors only), 1 kHz with LLRF feedback
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Technical Systems – Safety Interlock System Safety Interlock System comprised of Personnel Protection Interlocks (PPI) and Access
Control Interlock System (ACIS). PPI will address potential hazards to personnel from SPX rf system hardware including rf
radiation leakage from open waveguide flanges, contact with high-voltage conductors and exposure to ionizing radiation generated by the klystrons.
The SPX ACIS will include all hardware, software and control system to interface between the storage ring access control interlock system (SR ACIS) and the SPX ACIS. The SR ACIS will issue a permit signal to SPX ACIS only when the SR Zone A is in Beam Permit mode.
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SPX ACIS functional relationship to other ACISs
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Technical Challenges Timing and synchronization
– Meeting differential mode phase tolerance to keep rms beam motion outside of SPX under beam stability requirements
– Maintaining stability of ~ 20 fs rms over 0.1 Hz- 1 kHz for phase reference distribution
Cavity and cryomodule– Operating margin for cavity deflecting voltage and Q – Multi-cavity alignment – Performance of low-loss unshielded intra-cavity bellows– Microphonics compensation on fast time scale
Dampers– Fabrication consistency of SiC tiles to eliminate fracturing – Keeping particulates low ( HOM dampers)– Managing dampers heat load under off-normal conditions
• Preventing water freezing in case of total power loss
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Ongoing R&D in Support of SPX Final Design SPX R&D Goals
– Validate SPX concept, critical technologies and mitigate technical risks– Gain experience in design and operation of SCRF system– Demonstrate that SPX system is transparent to the storage ring operation with “parked” cavities– Test and evaluate deflecting cavities, components rf performances
Cavities and cryomodule – collaboration with JLab– Fabrication of Mark II cavities and supporting components– Test and measurement of single cavity in vertical cryostat– Test and measurement of a dressed cavity in horizontal cryostat– Dampers fabrication and high-power tests– Testing of low-impedance unshielded bellows
High power rf system– Assembling two 5-kW/2815 GHz rf amplifiers to support SPX0 cavities power and in-ring tests.
LLRF– One LLRF4 system is on hand (developed in collaboration with LBNL). It will be used to support
cavity horizontal test at ANL-PHY ATLAS facility Timing/synchronization
– Collaboration with LBNL to apply their femtosecond timing/synchronization system – Demonstrate stable phase reference to LLRF
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Integrated R&D Plan
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 201222
Cavi
tyFabricationChemistryVertical Test
Horizontal Test @ANL
Tune
r FabricationAssemblyStack test
Ready for cavity
Cavity/tuner assembly“ dressed cavity”
HLR
F
5-kW Amplifier Assembly (2)Test with RF loadCheck Interlocks
1st 5-kWAmplifier Ready for cavity test
LLR
F
Qualified
Test with High-Q EmulatorsTest with RF load
LLRF Ready for cavity test SPX0 Cavity/tuner Qualified
D
ampe
r
HOM dampers testsSiC material test
RF power tests
Dampers WG design
LOM damper test RF power testThermal test
HOM PrototypeAssembly
Deliver 4 units to JLAB
LOM AssemblyComplete
Test&Qualification
Deliver 2 units to JLAB
Dampers WG Fabrication
SPX0 Cryomodule Fabrication for 2-cavity @JLab
FP
C
Window and WG RF design
Thermal/Mechanical design
Fabrication/Test/Qualification
Alig
nmen
t
Design
Fixturing
Bench Test
Ready for SPX0 cryomodule
Test&Qualification
Finish SPX Final Design
Cryomodule test and qualification @JLab
2nd 5-kW Amplifier shipped to JLAB
Cryomodule test @ANL
SPX0 Cryomodule ready for ring installation
Install SPX0 and test with beam
Sept. 2015
Apr. 2014
Oct. 2014
Complete SPX0 testing Jan. 2015March 2013
March 2013
Sept. 2012
Jan. 2014
Dec. 2012
Dec. 2013
March 2014
Summary of SPX Technical Risks Cavity gradient and Q0 degradation
– Reduce cavity operating field– Explore in-situ processing– Use electro-polishing and other processing methods
Excessive microphonics– Measure microphonics in horizontal test and in in-ring test– Measure vibration source(s) and their transfer function between cavity and source(s)
2K/80K heat load is excessive– Develop 5K head shield– Use horizontal test and SPX0 cryomodule test to find the high heat load location and redesign
the thermal shield and interceptor Inter-cavity bellows fail
– Extensive test of bellows offline – Develop alternative shielded bellows with low particulates generation
Cavity alignment out of specs– Develop external mechanical alignment for cavities string
Possible damper material failure and excessive particulates– Conducting extensive tests at SPX RF test stand
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Summary of SPX Technical Risks(cont.) Power amplifier too small to maintain control of cavities fields to specified beam orbit
offset– Baseline design is a 10kW klystron-based RF transmitter with 40% overhead. We will
reassess RF power requirement during SPX0 in-ring test. Fast rf interlocks cannot prevent damage to cavities caused by beam –generated rf power
– Evaluate in in-ring test– Confirm adequate response time for beam abort interlock
Timing and synchronization Cannot meet long term common mode or differential mode phase specs
– Use beam-based feedback from storage ring BPMs to LLRF phase to compensate– Use Beam Arrival Time (BAT) monitor for beam arrival time (common mode) errors
Cannot meet long term user beam line synchronization specs– Use feed forward from upstream cavity phase to beam line laser phase to compensate
Unknown perturbations (beam loading, microphonics and environmental EMI)– Collect data during the development phase. Work with other systems developers to
minimize these perturbations as much as possible.
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Summary of SPX Technical Risks (cont.) Uncertainty in cavity/cryomodule heat load (not really a cryogenic systems risk, but the
biggest risk element in terms of being able to cool the cavities) – Allow adequate system margin
Cryoplant performance fails to meet spec– Thoroughly reviewed, mature plant design, commissioning strategy including vendor
participation and system margin. Operational reliability uncertainty (contamination, rotating machinery failure, etc)
– Mature plant design, implementation of proven purification technology, use of mature subcomponent designs (expanders, compressors, heat exchangers), redundant components/hot spares, and anticipated maintenance partnerships with other laboratories (Fermilab, JLab).
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DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Post CD-1 SPX Technical Reviews
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SPX Cavity Helium Vessel, Tuner andCavity Down Select
August 30-31, 2011
Engineering Specification Document Review of SPX Cryogenic Refrigeration
February 23-24, 2012
Machine Advisory Committee (MAC) May 1-2 2012
SPX0 Cryomodule June 6-7, 2012
SPX R&D (SPX0) August 23-24, 2012
ANL Director’s CD-2 Review September 11-13, 2012
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
SPX ES&H
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Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS)– APS-U Project following Argonne’s ISMS program requirements – Argonne Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) Description recently
revised and submitted to DOE ASO• Describes framework for integrating ESH requirements with mission objectives• References Argonne LMS procedures which implement specific portions of the ISMS
Identify General Safeguards and Security Requirements– APS-U Project required to follow Argonne’s Operations Security Program (OPSEC) Master Plan
Ionizing radiation, non-ionizing and electrical hazards will be addressed in accordance with ANL rules, procedures and guidelines.
Oxygen deficiency hazards are been analyzed. Pressure safety is being addressed. New hazards will be examined and reviewed in accordance with ANL rules,
procedures and guidelines per ISMS.
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
Summary Conceptual design of SPX technical systems is complete. SPX Physics Requirements Document (PRD) is complete and signed
off. SPX Engineering Design Specifications (ESDs) and Interface Control
Documents (ICDs) are drafted. SPX preliminary design is progressing well. Technical challenges have been identified and are being addressed
in the R&D phase in collaboration with JLab and LBNL. Integration and commissioning plans are being developed. Safety is integrated into our work planning, test and
commissioning. We are ready for CD2.
DOE CD-2 Review of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project 4-6 December 2012
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