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PATRON

EDITORS

EDITORIAL TEAM

Prof. ANIRBID SIRCAR

MR. R. BALASUBRAMANIAN

MS. VAISHALI SHARMA

RAJAN VARSADA

UTTAM SAVALIYA

SANTOSH SHARMA

SHASHANK SAURAV

RAJAT KHATRI

AKSHAR THAKKAR

NAHID SHAIKH

SIMRAN DHINGRA

SACHIN NAMBIAR

KRUTHART RUDANI

PINANK RUPARELIYA

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SR.NO

CONTENT PAGE NO.

1) Message from Editorial Board 4

2) Message from Editors 5

3) Events 6

A) DGH_PDPU: Enhancing oil and gas production in Cambay basin ,Western onshore workshop

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B) Upcoming event: International Shale gas and Oil Workshop

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C) Intern Talk 10

D) Learning Thursday 12

4) SPT Updates 13

5) Articles 19

A) Flow Assurance in Multiphase Environment 20

B) Oil Reserve Estimation using Monte carlo simulation

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C) Potential application of Nanotechnology in Upstream

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D) Practical application of Formation Water Analysis 27

6) News 29

7) Mind Test 34

A) Quiz 35

B) Crossword 37

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It happe s to e a ate of i e se elaio a d glo fo all of us to g eet ou ith this issue of “PT Mi o . “PT Mi o , ight f o its i epio , has ee a lagship a hie e e t of the “ hool of Pet oleu Te h olog . We i deed feel the p ide a d jo of sha i g ou lau els

ith all ou eade s a d e ie e s. “PT Mi o toda , sta ds as a i po ta t ediu of o e io et ee all the afai s of the “PT a d ou eholde s. It is a tuall g aif i g to e ei e app e iaio a d a olades f o dife e t ua te s of i dust a d a ade e. “PT Mi o has ee p o idi g plafo s to the u geo i g o oo of thoughts, ideas a d opi io s f o ou eade s a d ill o i ue to a this

e ig a tle i the o i g ea s of futu e. This issue of “PT Mi o o e s all the o e tous e e ts that e e o ga ized si e Ma

the “ hool of Pet oleu Te h olog “PT a d the espe i e o itees. It o p ises of a ious a ee uildi g sessio s,

Disi guished Le tu es so e espe ted dig ita ies of dife e t o pa ies, a o plish e ts of PDPU stude ts et . The pe iodi al also

i ludes so e of the alua le pie es o the d a i t e ds of pet oleu i dust a d thi gs e o d. We si e el hope that ou

ould app e iate ou e dea o s a d i d this issue o th hile. We hu l esee h ou feed a ks.

With Rega ds, Edito ial Boa d

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We ould egi e te di g a holehea ted el o e to all ou

eade s a d e ie e s. We ould also like to o g atulate a d

tha k the edito ial oa d fo pui g up thei u laggi g efo ts i

ate ializi g this issue of “PT Mi o . It i ues us ith o te t a d a fuzzes to it ess the heights of eade ship that the pe iodi al has

a aged to atai i its past issues. We si e el hope that it ould u geo a d ag u p e ede ted lau els f o its g o i g eade ship. This

issue of “PT Mi o ate pts to illust iousl o e all the ajo e e ts that the U i e sit as p i ileged to host i its p e ises. Fu the o e, it also e ou ages a d i ites pa i ipaio f o all the eade s of the pe iodi al. “PT Mi o has ee p o idi g a lagship podiu to all the

uddi g thi ki g aps a d the futu e of this hu o gous oil a d gas se to . It has i deed ee a e p o isi g gestu e to se e as a e epta le of o th a i les f o all of ou. We hope that this t e d ould lou ish a d the e ould e o e o t i uio f o ou side.

Co lusi el , e ould take this o e t to tha k all ou eade s a d e ie e s. We hope that ou ould app e iate this issue of “PT Mi o .

We alo g ith the e i e edito ial oa d of “PT Mi o hu l el o e ou suggesio a d feed a ks.

With Rega ds, R. Balasu a a ia

Vaishali “ha a

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Date: 21 September, 2016

Pa dit Dee da al Pet oleu U i e sit u de the aegis of Di e to ate Ge e al of H d o a -o s has su essfull o ga ized a o kshop o E ha i g Oil a d Gas P odu io i Ca a

Basi , Weste O sho e o “epte e , . This o kshop as spo so ed G“PC, Gu-ja at, I dia a d pa t e ed DEW Jou al, I dia. The i augu al e e o of the o kshop o e ed ith the lighi g of the la p a d el o e add ess a g oup of dig iied pe -

so s - D . Tadisi a Kishe Ku a Redd , Di e to Ge e al, PDPU, “h i. T. Nata aja , Joi t MD, G“PC; “h i. D. Rajagopala IA“ Retd., C“C, PDPU a d “h i. Ata u Chak a o t , DG, DGH. The Ca a Basi is the ost sig ii a t a d p o i e t h d o a o esou e, o e i g

, s k i Guja at “tate, the i dust ial hea tla d of I dia. It is i po ta t to i ease a d sustai the lo g-te p odu io of pet oleu esou es f o the Ca a Basi as it has a h d o a o esou e of o e tha illio a els. Ne e pla s like siltsto e ith Ca a shale, Olpad fo aio a d f a tu ed ase e t ope e f o ie fo e plo aio a d p odu io . The o je i e of this o kshop as to p o ide out o e ased lea i g a d k o ledge sha i g ea s of a Te h i al Case “tud o Re e t P odu io E ha e e t Te h ologies i Ca a Basi . I this o kshop, ost k o ledgea le esea he s as ell as the leade s of oil a d gas i dust e e i ited to e plo e the th ust a eas like – Mulistage H d auli F a tu i g, E d to E d “oluio s fo p odu io e ha e e t, Mat i A idizaio of this o kshop. This joi t i iiai e DGH a d PDPU i e sel helped ou i ited i dust pa i ipa ts to e alig ed to a ds i o ai e e plo aio a d p odu io e ha e-

e t a i iies i Ca a Basi .

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I ited E pe ts at o kshop :- “h i. Ra i Basia Topic: Production :Enhancement Strategies in Cambay Basin

“h i. Cha d asekha Deshpa de

Topic: Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing Application in E Hydrocarbon Production

“h i. A il Kaul Topic: Exploration of Mesozoic Play : Present Status

“h i. “h a “u de “ha a Topic: “1.New Zones in Old Discovered and Producing Wells and Hydraulic Fracturing and 2.Matrix Acidization and Solvent treatment” with Case Histories

“h i. D D “ha a Topic: Integrated Exploration &Development Approach for Enhancing Oil & Gas Production from Shal-low & Deeper Horizons of Cambay Basin, Involving Drilling (Infill &Extension) and Work Over Testing

M . A a Huse Topic: Production Enhancement-Workflow and Process

“h i. “a ta u Das Topic: First Horizontal Multistage Fracturing in ONGC: Challenges, Opportunities and Learnings

M . Atul “i gh Topic: Production Enhancement through Hydraulic Fracturing Technology

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Date: 21 September 2016 Venue: LTC-3, C Block, PDPU.

I te ships ha e al a s ee a p i e pa t i gei g e posu e to eal life a d he e efo e doi g it, it is e essa to ha e idea i utshell of ho to app oa h, ho to pe fo a d ho to eap the est of it. “EG-“PG-EAGE PDPU “tude t Chapte o du ted i te talk i olla o aio ith Pet ote h PDPU “tude t Chapte . The fo us of this

e e t as to p o ide a i sight to the se o d a d thi d ea stude ts a out the i te ships that the ill u de go at the e d of thei si th se este s i oth upst ea a d do st ea o pa ies. The e e t e ei ed o e hel i g espo se as the tu out of stude ts as o e

tha the e pe ted due to hi h the e e t also sta ted a it late. The speake s of the e e t e e the fou th ea stude ts ho p o ided thei ju io s ith alua le i fo aio gai ed du i g the i te ship pe iod.

M . Mudit Vajpa ee a d Ms.“akshi Pa dita sha i g thei i te ship

e pe ie es.

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Du i g the e e t speake s ga e p ese taio ith ai e phasis o the follo i g poi ts : • The p e- e uisites alo g ith the des ipio of the fo al p o edu e fo doi g a i te ship at the pla e the e e a i te at. • Te h i al k o ledge that a e a ui ed a stude t du i g the ou se of the i te ship.

• Nota le o se aio s that as ade du i g the i te ship a out the o ga izaio a d o kpla e o diio s. • E pe taio s that the o pa ies ha e f o the i te s. • Ho a i te ship at thei pla e of i te ship ould e e ei ial. Follo i g th ea stude ts sha ed thei i te ship e pe ie es: Kaustu h Ra al G“PC

Mudit Vajpa ee Relia e I d.

Kuldeep Cha hla i ONGC W““

Ja Hula i Guja at Gas

C “ai “uda sha E““AR

Vai ha Gauda a Relia e Hazi a

“akshi Pa dita ONGC IR“

The e e t it essed a la ge tu out of stude ts a d e ded ith a Q & A sessio .

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E e Thu sda

Pa dit Dee da al Pet oleu U i e sit “EG-“PG-EAGE Lea i g Thu sda s is a i st a d o l eekl p og a e that uses e ail to gi es stude ts k o ledge a d skills i the ollege, Pa dit Dee da al Pet oleu U i e sit . The p og a s e ou age lea i g, tea hi g othe s a d p a i i g these o epts at a ade i o ks. Lea i g Thu sda s ofe s a i o ai e st ateg i eei g u e t t e ds i Pet oleu E gi ee i g, te h olog , Pet oleu I dust ies et . Lea i g Thu sda s is pu lishi g e e Thu sda s to all the u de g aduate, postg aduate a d post-do to ate stude ts i the ollege. I this lea i g p og a , i ludes latest e s i the ield of Oil a d Gas i dust ies, Oil a d Gas p i es i the o ld, dife e t o pa p oiles, Pet oleu fa ts, e te h ologies used i I dust ies , photo of the

eek ,“EG k o ledge o ido a o e. E e “atu da ideo le tu e se ies is pu lished hi h has o i ues se ies of the se to elated to pet oleu .The e gi i g the k o ledge to stude ts

ea s of fu .

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PDPU has esta lished a D illi g a d “i ulaio La-o ato hi h is fu ded Go t. of Guja at to i ii-

ate a d p o ote esea h li kages ith the i situ-io s a d age ies i ludi g i dust a d p ofes-sio al o ga izaio s to e su e the o du t of e el-le t a d ui g-edge esea h. The details of the supplie s a d p ocu ed e uip e ts a e as follows:

P oppa t Co du i it - M/s. Co e La o ato ies, Tulsa, Oklaho a, U“A

Fo aio Da age – M/s. Co e La o ato ies, Tul-sa, Oklaho a, U“A

Ce e taio E aluaio E uip e t – M/s. Cha -dle E gi ee i g, Oklaho a, U“A

The o issio i g, de o st aio a d t ai i g of Ce e taio E aluaio E uip-e t has ee sta ted o “epte e , the o issio i g e gi ee s of

Ms. Cha dle E gi ee i g, U“A. The o issio i g is sill i p o ess a d e pe ted to e o pleted the e d of this eek

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PDPU ith the a le suppo t of Go t. of Guja at is esta lishi g a D illi g a d “i ulaio La o ato D“C to o du t e elle t, high-te h a d ui g-edge esea h p o idi g the state-of-the-a t esea h fa iliies. The e t e is esta -

lished ith a isio to i iiate a d p o ote esea h li kages ith i situio s a d age ies i ludi g i dust a d p ofessio al o ga izaio s. PDPU has p o-u ed follo i g e uip e t's fo the esta lish e t of D“C La f o Co e la o a-

to ies a d Cha dle E gi ee i g: P oppa t Co du i it - M/s. Co e La o ato ies, Tulsa, Oklaho a, U“A

Fo aio Da age – M/s. Co e La o ato ies, Tulsa, Oklaho a, U“A

Ce e taio E aluaio E uip e t – M/s. Cha dle E gi ee i g, Oklaho a, U“A

I o de to u de sta d the i stallaio , spe ii aio s a d ope aio al featu es of the p o u ed e uip e t's, fa ulies f o “PT – PDPU has ee o i ated fo o e eek o -site fa to t ai i g Jul to Jul , at the espe i e fa ili-ies of Co e La o ato ies a d Cha dle E gi ee i g, U“A. The details of the

o i ated fa ulies/oi ial a e as follo s: M . R.K. Jai Fa ult , “PT-PDPU P of. “u hash “hah “hell Total Chai P ofesso , PDPU a d E e itus P ofesso ,

The U i e sit of Oklaho a

D . A i id “i a Di e to , “PT-PDPU Ms. Vaishali “ha a Fa ult , “PT-PDPU M . Ma a “hah Fa ult , “PT-PDPU The pu pose of this fa to t ai i g as to gai i -depth edu aio a d t ai i g the e uip e t's pu hased f o Co e La o ato ies a d Cha dle E gi ee i g. This t ai i g i lude u de sta di g of the E uip e t Ope aio al featu es, Cali-

aio , “afet Measu es, Te h i al Appli a ilit , Data A uisiio & Co t ol a d Pe fo a e A al sis.

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Dr. Srinivas Palanki, Lamar University

Dr. Srinivas Palanki is Dean, College of Engineering, Professor, Chemical Engineering and holding Charles & Eleanor Garrett Endowed Chair at Lamar University, Beaumont, USA. (is research interest are Process Systems Engineering with Applications to Energy and Applications of Nanotechnology to Cancer Biology.

Prof. Abhijit Dandekar is a professor of petroleum engineering at the College of Engineering and Mines of University of Alaska Fairbanks where he is involved in teaching a variety of petroleum engineering courses and researching in areas as diverse as gas-to-liquids, gas hydrates, viscous oils etc. (e has more than years of experience in the petroleum industry. (e has worked in )ndia, UK, Denmark, PR China, and USA.

Prof. Abhijit Dandekar, UAF, Alaska, USA

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Ms Ba asha . Deka

Le tu e

M.Te h. E ail : Ba asha.Deka@spt.pdpu.a .i

A eas of I te est: Flo Assu a e of C ude oil, E ha e oil Re o e

B ief P oile: Joi ed Pa dit Dee da al Pet oleu U i e sit i Ma , . Co pleted B.Te h i Pet oleu E gi ee i g f o Di uga h U i e sit , Assa a d M.Te h i Pet oleu E gi ee i g f o I dia I situte of Te h olog I dia “ hool of Mi es Dha ad.

D . “i aku a P

Assista t P ofesso

M.Te h., Ph.D

E ail : “i aku a .P@spt.pdpu.a .i

B ief P oile: He has joi ed as Assista t P ofesso i “PT i the o th of “epte e .He has do e his M.Te h a d Ph.D. i Pet oleu Rei i g a d Pet o-he i als at A a U i e sit ,Che ai.

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M Ha sh K. “hah

Le tu e

M.Te h. E ail : Ha sh.“hah@spt.pdpu.a .i

A eas of I te est: De elop e t of “hale Gas Resou es

B ief P oile: Joi ed PDPU i Ma as a Le tu e i “ hool of Pet oleu Te h olog . Co pleted B.Te h i Pet oleu E gi ee i g f o Pa dit Dee da al Pet oleu U i e sit . Co pleted M.Te h i Pet oleu E gi ee i g f o I dia “ hool of Mi es, Dha ad.

Mr. Jatin Agarwal SPT Manager

Masters in Petroleum Engineering. Email:jatin.agarwal@spt.pdpu.ac.in

He has joined PDPU as Manager SPT. He holds degree in Bachelors in Chemical Engineering from VNSGU and two Master degrees in Petroleum engineer-ing from PDPU as well as University of Tulsa. He has around 8 years of research experience in flow assurance and artificial lift systems. During his student’s tenure in PDPU he was one of the pioneer member to start SPE stu-dent chapter and lead the chapter to win its first gold award in 2010. He has also mentored SPE student chapter at University of Tulsa and helped them to attain first Gold standard and outstanding student’s chapter award. Pres-ently he is teaching Introduction to Petroleum engineering and is involved in setting up first of its kind Drilling Stimu-lation and Cementation Lab in India at university level.

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The desig set up fo a of the a oil, gas, a d o de sate p odu i g s ste s is ased o the t pe of the luid phase p odu io that is taki g pla e. Alo g ith this, the ese es, the ese oi pe fo a e, a d the t pe of e i o e t deep- ate , shallo a i e, o sho e deepl pla a i po ta t ole i the desig fa to . Toda , ost of the oil a d gas dis o e ies do take pla e

i the hosile e i o e ts hi h leads to the d illi g a eage. The o i aio of uliphase lo a d also the li ited e ediaio is o

leadi g to the o e detailed p o essi g i the p odu io li e of the ell o e. “ ste s a e desig ed eithe to a oid pote ial luid p o le s totall fo e a ple, th ough supe i sulaio o to p o ide the a ilit to i te e e elia l o a egula asis su h as ith ou d-t ip pigs o th ough-lo li e tools . Both the o se ais a d pote ial fo lost p odu io a d ese es ha e su sta ial ost i pli aio s. The use of uliphase s ste s is e u h o o these da s, hi h a i lude the o i aio of luids like oil, ate , gas, solids like sa d a d s ale. The e a e pletho a of p o le s i the p odu io s ste elated to the i ludi g h d ates, a es/pa ai , s ale, asphalte es, sa d, o osio /

e osio , heolog , e ulsio s, sluggi g, a d o i aio s of a of these . I a e e t su e of ope ato s, a es a d h d ates e e ide iied as ke issues.

These t o issues ha e ought the i dust togethe i a oope ai e a d joi t-i dust p og a s.

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T adiio al ethods fo desig i g p odu io s ste s ha e ge e all t eated ea h se io of the s ste sepa atel i.e., the ell o e ould e odelled sepa atel f o the lo li e a d p odu io fa iliies . I ea h, h d auli pe fo a e a d te pe atu e p oiles ould e dete i ed sepa atel o the

asis of p odu io fo e asts. P odu ed-luid issues ould e o side ed o l late i the desig stage. Ea h p o le ould e o side ed a e pe t

o ki g i isolaio a d ot e essa il a a e of the full pi tu e. This o ki g p a i e esults i poo o u i aio s, leads to o li ts i desig , a d has pote iall e se ious i pli aio s. Fo e a ple, the ese oi e gi ee s a de ide to ate lood the ield, thus alte i g p odu io p oiles. Although desig e gi ee s a e a a e of these p oile ha ges, the a ot app e iate the i pli aio s fo the isk of s ale fo aio . The u e t e o o i li ate ith the d i e to a d ea l p odu io has fo ed a ha ge i o ki g

p a i es. Ma FastT a k p oje ts o o sist of a dedi ated o e tea of e gi ee s. I these tea s, the ese oi e gi ee o ks di e tl ith the o pleio s, fa ili-ies, a d p odu io e gi ee s. Desig of the hole s ste f o ese oi to e po t a e o i teg ated. To ide if a o h d ate pote ial ea l , sa ples e o e ed f o dis o e ells a e su je t to detailed a al ses. E pe ts a e

the ought i to the tea to ua if the ag itude a d isks asso iated ith a pote ial issues, a d, togethe ith the hole tea , e plo e i teg ated soluio s. “u h p a i es p o ide opi u s ste desig , a ou i g fo oth apital e pe ditu es a d ope a ilit . Cu e t p edi i e tools a ot e ideal.

Ho e e , the a assist the desig tea s ide if i g he e a es o h d ates a afe t ope a ilit o i assessi g the efe ts of p oposed e ediaio o desig ha ges. Fo e a ple, the efe ts of a ious i sulaio

opio s o i te e io f e ue ies to iigate a a e ide iied alo g ith thei i pa t o h d ates, o osio , a d h d auli pe fo a e. B i teg ai g all the i di idual-s ste si ulaio a d p edi i e te h i ues, the e i e p odu io -s ste ope a ilit a e assessed. If the isks a d u e tai ies asso iated ith all the p edi io s a d iigaio te h ologies a e e og ized, this app oa h ill fa ilitate a it-fo -pu pose desig ith i i al o se ais . Th ough these app oa hes, e te h olog e ui e e ts a e

ide iied a d de eloped th ough applied R&D. The alue a d appli a ilit of these te h ologies a e lea l ide iied, leadi g to i el de elop e t a d ea l deplo e t.

- Ash ith K atha “PT'

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I t odu io

“to hasi ese oi e gi ee i g is dei ed as "The use of Mo te Ca lo si ulaio usi g all ele a t ese oi pa a ete s po osit , pe ea ilit , luid o ta ts, st u tu e, elai e pe ea ilit , PVT, et . a d p odu io data to

a hie e o siste t des ipio of ese oi pe fo a e i the p ese e of u e tai t . The sto hasi si ulaio te h olog is the p i a e a le

ua if i g the efe t of u e tai t i the su su fa e oil a d gas ese oi . The o e algo ith uses ad a ed Ma ko hai Mo te Ca lo MCMC te h i ue to

dei e a a do alk th ough the spa e of all possi le ealizaio s of the ese oi o diio ed to o se ed p odu io .

Ho e e , the oil a d gas i dust has ee u illi g to adopt sto hasi dei iio of ese es. Ne e theless, Mo te Ca lo si ulaio ethods ha e gai ed a epta e e gi ee s, geos ie ists a d othe p ofessio als ho a t to e aluate p ospe ts o othe ise a al ze p o le s that i ol e u e tai t . O e of the o o appli aio s of Mo te Ca lo si ulaio is the esi aio of e o e a le h d o a o f o a ese oi .

Mo te Ca lo “i ulaio akes use of a do sa ples of pa a ete s o i puts to e plo e the eha io of a o ple s ste o p o ess. It i ds appli aio

he e e o e eeds to ake a esi ate, fo e ast o de isio he e the e is sig ii a t u e tai t . Fi st, the p oje t fo uses o pe fo i g Mo te-Ca lo “i ulaio o a gi e data set usi g U.“ Depa t e t of E e g ’s Mo teCa lo “ot a e, hi h is a f ee a e E&P tool. Fu the , algo ith fo si ulaio has ee de eloped fo MATLAB a d p og a pe fo s si ulaio p o pi g use fo i put dist i uio s a d pa a ete s asso iated ith ea h dist i uio i.e. ea , st.de , i ., a ., ost likel et . . It also p o pts use fo desi ed p o a ilit fo hi h ese es a e to e al ulat-ed. The algo ith so de eloped a d tested i MATLAB fu the i ds i ple e taio i P tho he e e isi g li a ies o staisi s a d g aph ploi g has ee i po ted to ge e ate ete out o e. With P Qt desig e , odes fo a si ple g aphi al use i te fa e ha e also ee ite . The g aph so ploted is the

alidated ith al ead a aila le esults f o U.“ DOE Mo teCa lo “ot a e.

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O je i e: To pe fo Mo te Ca lo “i ulaio o a gi e set of data usi g a aila le

i dust tools. To de elop ope sou e Mo te Ca lo si ulaio pa kage usi g MATLAB a d

P tho fo the espe i e plafo s. To alidate the a u a of the odel de eloped ith the help of sta da d

i dust tools. The i st step i luded de elopi g algo ith s i MATLAB R a a d pe fo i g si ulaio ith the a aila le data sets. Ate pe fo i g u e of si ulaio a d si ulta eousl i p o isi g the algo ith , u ulai e dist i uio plot as ge e ated de o st ai g the ese es alue ith asso iated p o a ilit . The algo ith as fu the odiied fo the p tho i ple e taio i “p de a d P Qt pa kages. The u ulai e dist i uio u e des i i g ese es alue ith espe t to the o espo di g p o a ilit as ge e ated as a out o e. The

p og a as late u dled i to the ope sou e pa kage hi h as late uploaded to the o li e eposito . Validaio of the p og a as do e o pa i g the esults ith sta da d i dust tools su h as U“ – Depa t e t of E e g ’s Mo teCa lo. Algo ith

“tep : “ta t

“tep : C eate a a ia le to sto e the use gi e alues fo Po osit , Pa Thi k ess, A ea, Fo aio Volu e Fa to a d Wate “atu aio . “tep : P o pt use to p o ide p o a ilit dist i uio fo the i put pa a ete s. “tep : P o pt use to p o ide dist i uio pa a ete s i.e. Mea a d “ta da d De iaio fo No al a d Log o al dist i uio ; Mi i u , Most Likel a d Ma i u fo T ia gula dist i uio . “tep : De la e ite ai g a ia le . “tep : Pe fo i g a do sa pli g of i put dist i uio pa a ete s a d sto e

alues i all i e i put a ia les fo ite aio s. Also dete i e the ese es alue du i g ite aio a d sto e the set of ese es alues i a a ia le. “tep : Dete i e Mea a d “ta da d de iaio fo the ese es dist i uio . “tep : Plot the P o a ilit Dist i uio Fu io a d Cu ulai e Dist i uio Fu io fo ese es ith o tai ed ea a d sta da d de iaio .

24

Results

Figure. : Cumulative Distribution Curve generated from MonteCarlo US-DOE Software

Figure. : Cumulative Distribution Curve generated from Model developed in Python

Co lusio

Rese es esi aio i Oil a d Gas i dust is i po ta t fo ese oi e aluaio a d i est e t p oje ts. “i e dete i isi esi ates a ot p o ide a ge of possi le out o es a d the featu e of se sii it a al ses, P o a ilisi te h i ue su h as Mo te Ca lo as p efe ed. Besides, Mo te Ca lo te h i ue p odu es a u ate out o es as the u e of sa pli g o ite aio s i eases. A opi u

alue of ite aio s has ee set i the p og a fo the si ulaio pu pose. I this stud , li a -pa kage has ee de eloped fo P tho use s to pe fo ese es esi aio usi g Mo te Ca lo te h i ue.

P oje t o k C. “ai “uda sha , Ha sh V as

25

Na os ie e a d te h olog is a e e gi g te h olog fo pet oleu i dust . To e ha e R/P Rese es is to p odu io aio of aio s, EOR E ha ed oil e o e is ii al. Cu e tl , ith the ost ad a ed e o e te h i ues, o l

a out - pe e t of oil a d gas a e e o e ed. Na ote h olog has pote ial to oost this up to pe e t of OOIP O igi al oil i pla e . B i je i g Na o-se so s i ese oi , it is possi le to a u atel ap the i di e sio a d thus gei g ell a uai ted ith ese oi s hi h o e see ed u e plo a le a fa ilitate p odu io opi izaio .

The pote ial of a ote h olog is i e se a d is e ide t f o the fa t that AEC Ad a ed E e g Co so iu is pou i g illio s i to a ote h olog esea h.

The a ote h olog esea h la o ato esta lished ith a fu di g of $ illio ai s to de elop su su fa e se so s that a e used to i p o e oth dis o e a d e o e of h d o a o s. P e o peii e esea h i a ote h olog se so s that ha e pote ial to ha e d asi ha ge i e o e of pet oleu a d gas f o e a d e isi g ese oi s is fa ilitated AEC. The a ote h olog la o ato ’s ai is to i d elaio ship et ee ph si al a d he i al ha a te isi s of a opa i les. Co posiio , size, stalli it , ag ei

pe ea ilit Although Na o-sized atal sts ha e ee used i ei i g a d pet o he i al p o esses fo o e a i e, the use of a o ate ials a d has o l e e tl e te ed the upst ea do ai . Na ote h olog a ofe the fulil e t

of the lo g e isio ed i tellige t oil ield.

The spe ial ele t i al a d ag ei p ope ies of a o ate ials ake the ell suited fo use as i je ted se so s a d o t ast age ts. Be ause the a ithsta d high te pe atu e a d p essu e, Na o-s ale se so s ould e espe iall useful fo ha a te izi g deep ese oi s. The te Na o i di ates the i ute size of

e e thi g elated to this te h olog . Co o te i olog appea i g i des ipio s of this e ese oi - o ito i g s ie e i ludes Na o de i es, Na o se so s a d Na o o ots.

26

Na o Ele t o Me-ha i al “ ste s NEM“ : B

pui g ele t o -i s, se so

ate ials, a d a ote h ologists

togethe ith e pe ts f o the oil a d gas

i dust to i esigate ho e isi g te h ologies a d esea h ight e e plo ed to ete ha a te ize ese oi s a d aid i e o e efo ts. P o a le ate ials i lude Na o allo o phs of a o , ag ei a opa i les, he ota i i o a d a otu e st u tu es a d o e plosi e ate ials. E e o e p o le ai is the eed to use these e a ote h ologies i o ple a d ha sh ope ai g e i o e ts. “u h e i o e ts a e fou d i ese oi s at depths of thousa ds of feet, ith ope ai g te pe atu es of °C o o e a d p essu es of up to , psi. I addiio , o ple i tu es of oil , i , a , a d a idi luids of t o a d th ee phases a e ote fou d i these ese oi s. Desig i g spe ii h d opho i o h d ophili ha a te i to su h s a t luids, Na o-Me a es “epa aio s - The eed to edu e i te fa ial te sio IFT

et ee ude oil a d ese oi ate , the a opa i les as su ogate p o es of the pa a ete s of i te est, th ough the use of o el o ga i he ist o the su fa e of high-su fa e-a ea fu io alized a opa i les, ill sig ii a tl alte the ode of ope ai g a d o ga izi g ate loods a d su fa ta t loods. Mo eo e , tailo i g the espo si it of these s a t luids, the a e used eithe to lo k o to i ease the po osit a d to tuosit of the fo aio s he e the a e i je ted.

Ad a e e ts i Na ote h olog ould p o ide a oost i the do ai of ese oi su eilla e a d appi g th ough the o ept of Na o-se si g. I the o ds of Louis Pasteu The ole of i i itesi all s all i atu e is i i itesi all

g eat a soo e appli a le to oil a d gas i dust as ell.

Project work by Karan patel,Sagar Dadich and Dhruvin Kaneria SPT

27

Fo aio ate a al sis pla s a i po ta t ole i odeli g of ese oi s, ua if i g ese es a d al ulai g o pleio osts, i ludi g ho u h ill e spe t o asi g a d su fa e e uip e t i.e. apital e pe ditu es . Wate a al sis also helps ope ato s

esi ate ope ai g e pe ditu es su h as the ost of he i al i je io . Qua if i g ate he ist aids i ha a te izi g t a siio zo es i a o ates, the e i pa i g esi ates

of ese oi e te t. Fo aio ate p ope ies a f o o e ese oi to a othe as ell as ithi

ese oi s. Wate o posiio depe ds o lot of pa a ete s, i ludi g deposiio al e i o e t, i e alog of the fo aio , its p essu e a d te pe atu e th ough histo a d a othe fa to s. Co se ue tl , ate p ope ies a ha ge o e i e as the ate a d o k i te a t, a d as luids a e p odu ed a d epla ed ith ate f o othe fo aio s i je ted ate o othe i je ted ud. Fo aio ate is i h ith i fo aio a out the o k i hi h it esides, a d it a p o ide ital i put to a al ses du i g e e stage i the life of a ese oi . Ea l i ield life, a al sis of fo aio ate esta lishes the sali it a d esisi it of the ate fo pet oph si al e aluaio . A hie’s ate satu aio e uaio , f o hi h oil satu aio a d HC ese es a e ost f e ue tl o puted f o logs, e ui es fo aio ate esisi it as a i put.

That alue is ote o puted f o esisi it a d po osit loggi g easu e e ts ade i a ate zo e, he e the ate a ot ha e the sa e o posiio as the ese oi fo aio ate i othe zo es. A al sis of fo aio ate sa ples f o the oil leg is o side ed o e

of the ost elia le a s to o tai ate sali it a d esisi it fo satu aio al ulaio s. Befo e ate ial fo asi g o p odu io tu i g is sele ted, it is ital to e aluate the o osi it of the gas, oil a d ate to e p odu ed. F ee gas i the fo aio a o tai o osi e o situe ts su h as H “ a d CO a d these sa e o situe ts a e dissol ed i

the fo aio ate . Wells p odu i g su h luids at o e t aio s e eedi g e tai li its e ui e asi g ith spe ial etallu gi al fo ulaio s that ill esist o osio , o t eat e t ith i hi ii g he i als. Fu the o e, pipeli es a d su fa e fa iliies ust e apa le of

ha dli g the p odu ed ate ith its a o pa i g gases. The ate pH a d sali it alues used i etallu gi al al ulaio s fo sele io of do hole e uip e t's ust i lude

alues fo do hole o diio s of ese oi p essu e a d te pe atu e a d ate o posiio .

28

As ese oi luids a e p odu ed, the a o pa i g p essu e edu io a lead to elease of gas f o soluio a d the p e ipitaio a d deposiio of solids i the ese oi po es a d o p odu io tu i g a d do hole e uip e t. Fo e a ple, as

p essu e de eases, fo aio ate li e ates CO gas, ate pH i eases a d the soluio e o es supe satu ated ith CaCO , hi h a esult i s ale deposiio that a e e tuall hoke of lo . P e ipitaio a e p edi ted th ough odeli g o la o ato e pe i e taio if fo aio ate he ist is k o . “ ale a also fo

he ate s of dife e t o posiio s i . “u h s ale a e deposited i the fo aio o i p odu io tu i g. Pa iall lo ked tu i g a so ei es e lea ed ith o ko e tools that ou te a asi es a d jei g a io . I assessi g

s ali g pote ial, o e of the iggest u e tai ies a e the fo aio ate o posiio a d su su fa e p ope ies. “o e o pa ies ha e adopted ate o ito i g as egula p a i e fo s ale-p o e ields. Fo e a ple, “tatoil o ito s

the o posiio of ate p odu ed f o the ajo it of its oil a d gas ells, a d uses oss plots of the aio of io o e t aio s to assist i dei i g p odu i g

ate zo es. “a pli g f e ue depe ds o the eed. A addiio al use of ate odeli g i de elop e t pla i g is the opi izaio of ell st ea i i g a d p o ess sha i g: he p odu io st ea s f o a ious ells, espe iall

su sea ells, a e o i ed efo e ei g piped to sepa ato s o p o essi g fa iliies. The o se ue es of ese oi sou i g a e pote iall ostl . I eased le els of H “ i ease isks fo oilield pe so el, de ease the sales alue of p odu ed h d o a o s a d i ease o osio i do hole e uip e t a d su fa e fa iliies. A esi ated % of ate looded ese oi s o ld ide ha e sou ed. Va iaio s i fo aio ate o posiio a also gi e idea of o pa t e talizaio o la k of h d auli o u i aio et ee adja e t ese oi olu es if the ese oi s ha e

ee isolated lo g e ough fo fo aio ate s to ha e ea hed dife e t e uili iu states. A al sis of fo aio ate , a d i pa i ula , o pa iso of its

atu al isotopi o posiio ith that of i je io ate lead to k o ledge of o ito i g ate loods. Isotopes a t as t a e s i the ate to help ese oi e gi ee s

ide if high-pe ea ilit la e s, f a tu es a d othe auses of i te ell o u i aio .

B – Yasi Matada (SPT 14)

29

30

Bengal Energy has announced that the first four wells of the Cuisinier 2016 five well drilling campaign have been cased as future oil producers in the Murta horizon.

The most recent well, Shefu-1, was drilled as a near field exploration well situated on the western flank of

Bengal's internal estimates suggest that this Shefu-1 result has the potential to materially increase the Cuisinier area oil in place and reserves, given that the Murta reservoir in the Shefu-1 area is well outside of Bengal's currently booked 1P, 2P and 3P reserves areas. The drilling rig is now moving to the fifth and last well of the campaign at the Cuisinier 24 development location. Completion and pipeline connection of Shefu and all the Cuisinier wells from the current campaign is expected to occur in first-quarter 2017.Bengal holds a 30.357% working interest in the Barta Permit.

Charger Shale Oil Company LLC, an oil and gas partnership headquartered in Midland, Texas, and funds managed by Oaktree Capital Management LP have formed a joint venture focused on the Permian Basin. Oaktree has pledged $600 million in an initial equity commitment with an additional $300 million runway commitment. Prior to funding, Charger secured more than 40,000 acres in the Delaware Basin using capital sourced from management and strategic investors. Charger has since closed on the initial acreage and has development plans to expand to over 85,000 acres. Charger is led by several executives previously employed by Tall City Exploration (TCE). TCE acquired and developed more than 34,500 core acres (and another 48,000 prospective acres) utilizing $245 million of capital. TCE sold these assets for $1.2 billion in two transactions in 2014 and 2015.

Los Angeles, CA-based Oaktree is a global investment managers specializing in alterna-tive investments, with $98 billion in assets under management as of June 30, 2016.

31

India's third biggest crude oil refiner, Hindustan Petroleum Corp (HPCL), plans to expand its refining capacity to more than 60 million tonnes annually, or about 1.2 million barrels of oil per day by 2030, according to a senior company official. While Hindustan Petroleum, which is largely known as a marketer of fuel products, currently sells 34.20 million tonnes of fuel products every year. According to a 2015 report India will require up to 329 million tonnes of oil products annually by 2030. Analysts have often pointed out the heavy reliance on

outside purchase of fuel products as a double-edged sword for the company. While HPCL is not directly exposed to crude oil fluctuations, it misses out on the refining margins that its peers clock. Separately, a company official said the internal target is to have not more than 15 percent reliance on outside purchase of fuel by 2030

The much-delayed Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-

Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline is becoming a reality with the Turkmenistan portion of the strategically important project being ready. A consortium TAPI Pipeline Co. Ltd (TPCL) is developing the project with the majority share of 85% owned by Turkmenistan. State-run firms Türkmengaz, Afghan Gas Enterprise, Pakistan’s Inter State Gas Systems (Pvt.) Ltd, and GAIL (India) Ltd are stakeholders in the $10 billion project, also dubbed the peace pipeline.

The 1,814km pipeline passes through Afghanistan and Balochistan in Pakistan, which are considered to be unstable. The pipeline, which originates in Turkmenistan’s Galkynysh field and ends at Fazilka in Punjab in India,. Of the pipeline’s 90 million standard cu. metre per day (mscmd) of natural gas capacity, 38 mscmd is planned for supply to India for a period of 30 years.

“The technical study of the TAPI project has estimated an overall project duration of 6 years 9 months from the start of the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) process till handing over of the pipeline for commercial operation,” petroleum and natural gas minister Dharmendra Pradhan informed the Rajya Sabha in a written reply on 13 December 2015.

32

India is talking to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia to fill half of the 1.5 million tonnes (mt) of the Mangalore strategic storage, along with Iranian crude, Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas said. Dharmendra Pradhan told a news conference India is exploring two to three other models for sourcing oil to fill the remainder of the storage. Globally, most of the biggest crude oil consuming countries have a strategic storage capacity of at

least 50 days, but India currently stands less than 10 days. Under phase I of develop-ment, the company has built a total of 5.33 mt of storage capacity in three locations - Vizag (1.33 mt), Mangalore (1.5 mt) and Padur (2.5 mt). Only Vizag is currently opera-

Coal India Ltd (CIL) has plans to go for acquisition of coal assets in Indonesia after having failed in its attempt about a decade back. “CIL had been scouting for coal assets in several countries including Indonesia but the same had not materialised. India is a key market for Indonesian coal. Data from the commerce ministry shows that during April-June this year, India imported 23.40 million tonne (MT) of coal.

The total outstanding of CIL from power generation companies in India was Rs.13,684 crore as on April 2016 but it got reduced to Rs.11,866 crore as on 1 Sep-tember, Bhattacharya said. The CIL board has accorded approval to the proposal for execution of a memorandum of understanding between CIL, African Exploration Mining and Finance Corp. (AEMFC), and Transnet SOC Ltd an entity owned by the government of South Africa for identification, acquisition, exploration, development and operation of coal assets in South Africa. While around Rs.2,000 crore is disputed outstanding, there are various reasons for this but that will be settled soon through discussions and also through a committee that has

33

As part of a move to monetise its overseas hydrocarbon production, state-run ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) plans to set up a crude oil trading desk in Singapore. This comes in the backdrop of transporting crude oil to the world’s third-largest oil market posing a logistical challenge from some geographies. OVL has been exploring oil trading as a viable route to monetise its produce. Currently, it has been following the

tender route, which is time consuming and also proves disadvantageous in terms of flexibility.

OVL recently signed a pact with SOCAR Trading SA for oil trading aimed at optimising crude price realisation from its portfolio. SOCAR Trading is the international marketing and development arm of the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR), headquartered in Baku. The overseas arm of Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (ONGC) Ltd has built up a significant overseas energy portfolio of 37 projects in 17 countries with an investment of around $23.81 billion. It has also set a target to achieve 20 million tonnes (MT) by 2017-18 from the current 8.36 MT of oil and oil-equivalent gas. “The subsidiary office in Singapore was initially set up for Vankorneft transactions,” added the person quoted above. OVL acquired a 15% equity stake in Russia’s JSC Vankorneft from Rosneft Oil Co. in 2015 for $1.27 billion. In addition, OVL also plans to acquire another 11% stake in Russia’s second-largest field by production. This also comes in the backdrop of a fall in international crude prices, which has made oil-producing countries financially vulnerable. Russia is particularly at risk because it has to additionally cope with the impact of the sanctions imposed by Western nations.

34

35

1. About how many gallons of gasoline are produced from one bar-rel of crude oil?

a. 55

b. 19

c. 42

d. 5

2. What state in the United States has the most operating oil refiner-ies as of 2015?

a. Louisiana

b. Texas

c. North Dakota

d. California

3. What is the date that drilling begins on a well known as?

a. Start Date

b. Spud Date

c. Drill Date

d. Cap Date

4. Fill in the blank: ___________ is steel pipe that screws together and is lowered into the hole after drilling is complete. It is used to seal off fluids and keeps the hole from caving in. a. Flow Line

b. Surface Pipe

c. Casing

d. Tubing

5. Which country is NOT currently a member of OPEC?

a. Saudi Arabia

b. Angola

36

6. Where was the world's first commercial natural gas well drilled?

a. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

b. Beamont, Texas

c. Berozovo, Russia

d. Fredonia, New York

7. Many European countries rely on Russian natural gas for heating and electricity. Most of Russia's gas exports to Europe are sent by pipeline through which country?

a. Ukraine

b. Belarus

c. Turkey

d. Estonia

8. Where did the deadliest natural gas disaster occur in the United States?

a. New London, Texas

b. Cleveland, Ohio

c. San Bruno, California

d. Natchitoches, Louisiana

9. Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles have a drawback. What is it?

a. The tank full of natural gas is extremely dangerous in a crash

b. CNG tanks tend to be large and bulky, making their use difficult in small cars

c. Natural gas can't move a vehicle faster than 35 miles per hour d. Burning natural gas creates an unpleasant smell that bothers other drivers

10. As of February 2016, which state in the United States had the highest effective gasoline tax?

a. California

b. Hawaii

37

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Do

. It is used to p o ide a seal et ee the tu i g a d the tu i g head, o to suppo t the tu i g a d to seal et ee the tu i g a d tu i g head.

. G oo es i the o e hole all ut otai g d ill pipe a si k la ge dia ete olla s he t ippi g out.

. A a upt ha ge i hole de iaio i li aio a d/o azi uth esults i t ou leso e situaio hi h is o o l efe ed to as a _____.

. A iaio gasoli e is usuall pol e gasoli e o alk lated gasoli e ha i g a O ta e Nu e g eate tha usuall e p essed as the ___ u e .

. Vis osit i de VI is a pa a ete that i di ates the ate of ha ge of the is osit of the oil due to a a iaio i ___.

. Moto spi it is also k o as ___ i INDIA.

. Mi e al tu pe i e oil MTO is ai l used i the ______ i dust as a sol e t o thi e

. The t pe of s ste he e sta ilize s a e used to uild a a gle hile di e io al d illi g.

. I I dia, the pou poi t of diesel has ee i ed at a alue less tha ___°C.

. Pet o et LNG Ltd is a joi t e tu e o pa p o oted the GAIL, ONGC, IOCL & ____.

38

A oss

. I the ode ethod of ele t i al desali g C ude oil i tu e is p eheated at o e tha ____ °C to e o es ate a d the dissol ed salts si ulta eousl f o ude oil.

. The pou poi t is take as °F a o e the ____.

. ____ pulse s ste s el o the fa t that p essu e i side the d ill st i g is highe tha that i the a ulus due to the p essu e losses at the it, o e ud oto s et . a d due to the est i io o lo th ough the i te al dia ete of the st i g. . I at osphe i disillaio olu , the te pe atu e ____ is at the oto of the olu

& the p essu e at the top of the olu is lose to at osphe i p essu e - at . . The a ou t of ate a d setle a le solids p ese t i ude oil is i di ated oto

___ a al sis. . I d ap astha Gas Ltd. i e o ded highest CNG sale of . lakh kg a da i o e eek

ate o e ehi les s it hed to the lea e fuel ith the pa t of se o d ou d of _____ ule fo p i ate a .

. This fo ulae *APL /TVD+MW ge e all efe s to ____.

. These uds a e used he e e ui e e t of solu le Ca + is o e tha pp .

. These a e he i al addii es used i e e i g shallo o lo te pe atu e ells to sho te the sei g i e of e e t slu a d to p o ote apid ea l st e gth de elop e t.

. Mag ei su e i st u e ts MWD / Mag ei “i gle “hots / Muli “hots u i the hole eed to e lo ated i a _______ of sui ie t le gth to allo the easu e e t of the ea th’s ag ei ield ithout ag ei i te fe e e.

. Most of the ells hi h G“PC is d illi g i the KG asi a e ____ ells.

. A ii ial p odu io s ste he e the a i aio of the su supe i ial pu pi g e uip e t takes pla e i the su fa e a d it is t a s ited to the pu p th ough the up a d a d do a d o e e t of the su ke ods.

. Relia e I dust ies a d BG B iish Gas G oup has ag eed to ha d d illi g i f ast u tu e f o a a a do ed gas ield to hi h I dia o pa .

39