spss lecture notes
TRANSCRIPT
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PreparedBy Bundala, N.H
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The course content
About the four-windows in SPSS
The basics of managing data files
The basic analysis in SPSS
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Introduction: What is SPSS?
Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions
One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions
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The Four Windows: Data EditorData Editor
Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering, editing, and displaying data. Extension of the saved file will be “sav.”
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The Four Windows: Output ViewerOutput Viewer
Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be “spv.”
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The Four Windows: Syntax editorSyntax Editor
Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be “sps.”
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The Four Windows: Script WindowScript Window
Provides the opportunity to write full-blown programs, in a BASIC-like language. Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be “sbs.”
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Opening SPSSStart → All Programs → SPSS Inc→ SPSS 16.0 →
SPSS 16.0
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Opening SPSSThe default window will have the data editorThere are two sheets in the window:
1. Data view 2. Variable view
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Data View windowThe Data View window
This sheet is visible when you first open the Data Editor and this sheet contains the data
Click on the tab labeled Variable View
Click
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Variable View windowThis sheet contains information about the data set that is stored
with the dataset Name
The first character of the variable name must be alphabetic Variable names must be unique, and have to be less than 64
characters. Spaces are NOT allowed.
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Variable View window: TypeType
Click on the ‘type’ box. The two basic types of variables that you will use are numeric and string. This column enables you to specify the type of variable.
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Variable View window: WidthWidth
Width allows you to determine the number of characters SPSS will allow to be entered for the variable
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Variable View window: DecimalsDecimals
Number of decimalsIt has to be less than or equal to 16
3.14159265
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Variable View window: Label
LabelYou can specify the details of the variableYou can write characters with spaces up to 256
characters
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Variable View window: ValuesValues
This is used and to suggest which numbers represent which categories when the variable represents a category
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Defining the value labelsClick the cell in the values column as shown belowFor the value, and the label, you can put up to 60
characters.After defining the values click add and then click OK.
Click
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Practice 1How would you put the following information into SPSS?
Value = 1 represents Male and Value = 2 represents Female
Name Gender HeightJAUNITA 2 5.4SALLY 2 5.3DONNA 2 5.6SABRINA 2 5.7JOHN 1 5.7MARK 1 6ERIC 1 6.4BRUCE 1 5.9
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Practice 1 (Solution Sample)
Click
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Click
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Saving the dataTo save the data file you created simply click ‘file’ and
click ‘save as.’ You can save the file in different forms by clicking “Save as type.”
Click
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Sorting the dataClick ‘Data’ and then click Sort Cases
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Sorting the data (cont’d)Double Click ‘Name of the students.’ Then click
ok.
Click
Click
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Practice 2How would you sort the data by the
‘Height’ of students in descending order?Answer
Click data, sort cases, double click ‘height of students,’ click ‘descending,’ and finally click ok.
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Transforming dataClick ‘Transform’ and then click ‘Compute Variable…’
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Transforming data (cont’d)Example: Adding a new variable named ‘lnheight’ which is
the natural log of height Type in lnheight in the ‘Target Variable’ box. Then type in
‘ln(height)’ in the ‘Numeric Expression’ box. Click OK
Click
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Transforming data (cont’d)A new variable ‘lnheight’ is added to the table
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Practice 3Create a new variable named “sqrtheight”
which is the square root of height.Answer
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The basic analysis of SPSS that will be introduced in this class Frequencies
This analysis produces frequency tables showing frequency counts and percentages of the values of individual variables.
DescriptivesThis analysis shows the maximum, minimum,
mean, and standard deviation of the variables
Linear regression analysisLinear Regression estimates the coefficients of the
linear equation
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Opening the sample dataOpen ‘Employee data.sav’ from the SPSS
Go to “File,” “Open,” and Click Data
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Opening the sample dataGo to Program Files,” “SPSSInc,” “SPSS16,” and
“Samples” folder.Open “Employee Data.sav” file
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FrequenciesClick ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then
click ‘Frequencies’
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FrequenciesClick gender and put it into the variable box.Click ‘Charts.’ Then click ‘Bar charts’ and click ‘Continue.’
Click Click
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FrequenciesFinally Click OK in the Frequencies box.
Click
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Using the Syntax editorClick ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then
click ‘Frequencies.’Put ‘Gender’ in the Variable(s) box.Then click ‘Charts,’ ‘Bar charts,’ and click
‘Continue.’Click ‘Paste.’
Click
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Using the Syntax editorHighlight the commands in the Syntax editor
and then click the run icon. You can do the same thing by right clicking the
highlighted area and then by clicking ‘Run Current’
ClickRight Click!
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Practice 4Do a frequency analysis on the
variable “minority”
Create pie charts for it
Do the same analysis using the syntax editor
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Answer
Click
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DescriptivesClick ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then
click ‘Descriptives…’Click ‘Educational level’ and ‘Beginning
Salary,’ and put it into the variable box.Click Options
Click
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DescriptivesThe options allows you to analyze other
descriptive statistics besides the mean and Std.Click ‘variance’ and ‘kurtosis’Finally click ‘Continue’
Click
Click
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DescriptivesFinally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You will
be able to see the result of the analysis.
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Regression AnalysisClick ‘Analyze,’ ‘Regression,’ then click
‘Linear’ from the main menu.
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Regression AnalysisFor example let’s analyze the model Put ‘Beginning Salary’ as Dependent and ‘Educational Level’ as
Independent.
edusalbegin 10
ClickClick
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Regression AnalysisClicking OK gives the result
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Plotting the regression lineClick ‘Graphs,’ ‘Legacy Dialogs,’
‘Interactive,’ and ‘Scatterplot’ from the main menu.
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Plotting the regression lineDrag ‘Current Salary’ into the vertical axis box
and ‘Beginning Salary’ in the horizontal axis box.Click ‘Fit’ bar. Make sure the Method is
regression in the Fit box. Then click ‘OK’.
ClickSet this to Regression!
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Practice 5Find out whether or not the previous experience of workers has any affect on their beginning salary? Take the variable “salbegin,” and “prevexp” as
dependent and independent variables respectively.
Plot the regression line for the above analysis using the “scatter plot” menu.
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Answer
Click
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Click on the “fit” tab to make sure the method is regression
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