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New Ideas for DiseaseNew Ideas for DiseaseManagement onManagement onFairways and TeesFairways and Tees

Lee BurpeeUniversity of Georgia

Spring Dead Spot

Spring Dead Spot

Ophiosphaerella korraeOphiosphaerella herpotrichaOphiosphaerella narmari

caused by:

Roots of affected bermudagrassturn dark-brown to black. A gooddiagnostic symptom of springdead spot.

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Spring Dead SpotFavorable Environment- Warm fall weather – Temps. >50°F in September, October,

and November

- Followed by cold winters - <20°F for extended periods.

- Disease is severe in compact soil with pH >6.3

Spring Dead Spot ManagementCultural Management- Reduce N applications in late summer and fall. High fall N

can delay dormancy and increase chances of winter kill.

Spring Dead Spot ManagementCultural Management- Reduce N applications in late summer and fall. High fall N

can delay dormancy and increase chances of winter kill.

- Use ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers to reduce pH ofthatch and soil. Ophiosphorella spp. do not grow well atpH < 6.3.

Spring Dead Spot ManagementCultural Management- Reduce N applications in late summer and fall. High fall N

can delay dormancy and increase chances of winter kill.

- Use ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers to reduce pH ofthatch and soil. Ophiosphorella spp. do not grow well atpH < 6.3.

- Maintain moderate to high amounts of soil K to promotetolerance to winter kill.

Spring Dead Spot ManagementCultural Management- Reduce N applications in late summer and fall. High fall N

can delay dormancy and increase chances of winter kill.

- Use ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers to reduce pH ofthatch and soil. Ophiosphorella spp. do not grow well atpH < 6.3.

- Maintain moderate to high amounts of soil K to promotetolerance to winter kill.

- Reduce thatch and soil compaction to promote good rootgrowth.

Spring Dead Spot ManagementChemical Control- propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, fenarimol,azoxystrobin and myclobutanil. Best results with fenarimol (Rubigan) or myclobutanil (Eagle).

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Spring Dead Spot ManagementChemical Control- propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, fenarimol,azoxystrobin and myclobutanil. Best results with fenarimol (Rubigan) or myclobutanil (Eagle).

- applications must be made in fall (early Oct. toearly Nov. in Georgia). Best control achievedwith 2-3 applications 3-4 wks apart. xListed as ounces of product per 1000 sq.ft. unless indicated otherwise. Appl. Dates – 4 Oct and 1 Nov.

yValues followed by an asterisk (*) are not significantly different from the non-treated check at α = 0.05.

7742.51.2 oz.2 appl (28 day)Eagle 40WSP

7132.31.2 oz.1 applEagle 40WSP

4651.5*4.0 fl.oz.2 appl (28 day)Banner MAXX 1.3ME

4651.5*4.0 fl.oz.1 applBanner MAXX 1.3ME

5581.8*4.0 fl.oz.2 appl (28 day)Rubigan 1.0A.S.

1550.5*y6.0 fl.oz.1 applRubigan 1.0A.S.

12394.0--No fungicide

Spots/5,000 sq.ft.Spots/plotRatexIntervalTreatment

Table 1. Effect of Fungicides on Spring Dead Spot of Tift Dwarf Bermudagrass at Griffin, GA - 2006

Rhizoctonia Large Patchcaused by:

Rhizoctonia solani(strain AG 2-2 LP)

Disease is active in the spring(April – May) and fall (Oct. –Nov.) in GA

Symptoms may persistthroughout the summer

RHIZOCTONIA LARGE PATCH

Susceptible Grasses

All warm season grasses.

RHIZOCTONIA LARGE PATCH

Favorable Environment

- Night temps <60°F.

- High soil moisture.

- More than 10 hr. of crown and stolonwetness per day for several days.

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MANAGEMENT OFRHIZOCTONIA LARGE PATCH

MANAGEMENT OFRHIZOCTONIA LARGE PATCHCultural Management

- Avoid N fertility in spring and fall.

- Improve soil drainage- Decrease shade and increase air circulation.- Avoid irrigation in late afternoon and in

evening prior to midnight.- Maintain thatch at ½ inch or less.

MANAGEMENT OFRHIZOCTONIA LARGE PATCH

Resistant Species and Cultivars

- No cultivars are known to be resistant.

- Generally, bermudagrass will recoverfaster than either zoysia, St. Augustine orcentipede.

Management of Large PatchChemical Control – Fall applications recommended

Contact fungicides – chlorothalonil, mancozeb,polyoxin. 14 days control

Localized penetrants – iprodione, vinclozolin,trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin. 21 days control

Systemic fungicides – azoxystrobin, flutolanil,thiophanate-methyl, propiconazole, triadimefon,fenarimol. 21-28 days control

1.8b2.9c1.2c0.0b0.6b1.2b0.0a2.2 oz.28 dayProstar 70WP

1.2b4.7c1.2c0.6b1.2b0.6b0.0a0.4 oz.28 dayHeritage 50 WDG

4.7b8.2b4.7c3.5b2.3b2.3b0.0a1.2 oz.28 dayEagle 40WSP

2.9b3.5c2.3c2.3b1.8b1.8b0.0a2.0 oz.28 dayBayleton 50WP

21.5a15.2a12.9a5.9a2.9b1.8b0.0a4.0 fl.oz.28 dayBanner MAXX 14.3 EC

6.4b8.2b7.6b7.0a1.8b0.6b0.0a0.9 oz.28 dayInsignia 20WG

28.5a26.2a19.7a8.8a3.5b1.8b0.0a0.9 oz.1 appl.Insignia 20WG

21.5a21.5a12.9a8.2a4.7a4.7a1.8az--Check

12/411/2611/2211/1511/811/110/25RateyIntervalxTreatment

% Large Patch

Table 1. Effect of Fungicides on Rhizoctonia Large Patch of Zoysiagrass at Griffin, GA - Fall 2005

xApplication dates 10/7, 11/4yListed as ounces of product per 1000 sq.ft. unless indicated otherwise.zWithin a column, values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at α = 0.05 according to the

Scott-Knott cluster analysis procedure.

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Turfgrass Qualityy

5.8a

6.0a

5.3a

5.5a

4.5b

5.5a

5.3a

4.5bz

5.0a5.5a6.5a2.2 oz.28 dayProstar 70WP

4.8a5.8a6.3a0.4 oz.28 dayHeritage 50 WDG

3.5a5.0a5.0b1.2 oz.28 dayEagle 40WSP

3.0a4.5b4.8b2.0 oz.28 dayBayleton 50WP

3.3a3.8b4.0b4.0 fl.oz.28 dayBanner MAXX 14.3 EC

3.5a4.3b4.3b0.9 oz.28 dayInsignia 20WG

3.0a4.0b3.8b0.9 oz.1 appl.Insignia 20WG

3.8a4.3b4.8b--Check

12/411/2211/1511/8RatexIntervalwTreatment

Table 2. Effect of Fungicides on Quality of Zoysiagrass at Griffin, GA - Fall 2005

wApplication dates 10/7, 11/4xListed as ounces of product per 1000 sq.ft. unless indicated otherwise.yVisual estimates of turfgrass quality were based on a scale of 0 = necrotic, thin foliar canopy to 9 = dark green, dense foliar canopy.

zWithin a column, values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at α = 0.05 according to the Scott-Knott cluster analysis procedure.

5.0c2.2 oz.28 dayProstar 70WP

5.3c0.4 oz.28 dayHeritage 50WDG

7.3b1.2 oz.28 dayEagle 40WSP

8.8b2.0 oz.28 dayBayleton 50WP

11.5a4.0 fl.oz.28 dayBanner MAXX 14.3EC

12.0a0.9 oz.28 dayInsignia 20WG

12.8a0.9 oz.1 appl. Insignia 20WG

11.8az--Check

Weeks to Green UpyRatexIntervalwTreatment

Table 3. Spring 2006 green up of zoysiagrass plots treated the previous fall for control of Rhizoctonia large patch

wApplication dates 10/7/05, 11/4/05xListed as ounces of product per 1000 sq.ft. unless indicated otherwise.yWeeks from 15 March 2006 to development of a complete symtomless foliar canopy.zWithin a column, values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at α = 0.05 according to the Scott-Knott cluster analysis procedure.

Non-treated Check

Large Patch Fungicide Trial –Fall 05Zenith ZoysiaPhotos 4/25/06

Insignia – 1 appl. – 0.9 oz.

Insignia – 2 appl. – 0.9 oz.

Banner MAXX – 2 appl. – 4 oz.

Bayleton – 2 appl. – 2 oz.

Eagle – 2 appl. – 1.2 oz.

Heritage – 2 appl. – 0.4 oz.

Prostar – 2 appl. – 2.2 oz.

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Crop circles!!Space aliens invadeAtlanta!

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Highlights of the 2006 Golf Season in the SE Region

Pat O’BrienUSGA Green Section

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The Ultradwarf Option• Reasons to consider:

– No dead grass in summer– Fewer inputs required (fungicides)– Aeration done in summer– Less water, easier irrigation scheduling– Fewer employees– Ability to tolerate poor water quality relative to

creeping bentgrass– Ability to perform in a rootzone that is less than

desirable– Far more stress tolerant– Can meet and exceed golfer expectations

The Ultradwarf Option

• How would your owner feel about a grass that could be managed at a lower cost while providing green speeds at 9 – 10 every day of the year?

• Would it be a plus if all the disruption associated with core aeration was done in the summer months?

Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Varieties

• Champion • TifEagle• Mini Verde

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Wow: Is that a putting green grass on their tees?

(Yes, the grass is TifEagle.)

WOW on Tees

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Michigan State Library

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Overview of SU Overview of SU Herbicides in TurfHerbicides in Turf

Bruce Branham

SU HistorySU History►► 11stst Wave: 1975Wave: 1975--19851985

chlorsulfuron chlorsulfuron metsulfuronmetsulfuronsulfometuronsulfometuron

►► 22ndnd Wave: 1989Wave: 1989--19981998halosulfuronhalosulfuronflazasulfuron flazasulfuron rimsulfuron, rimsulfuron,

►► 33rdrd Wave: 1999Wave: 1999--20062006trifloxysulfuron,trifloxysulfuron,foramsulfuron, foramsulfuron, sulfosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, flazasulfuron reflazasulfuron re--appearsappears

Sulfonylurea HerbicidesSulfonylurea Herbicides

►►Invented in June 1975 by George Invented in June 1975 by George LevittLevitt, a , a chemist at DuPontchemist at DuPont

►►No precedence for the potency and thus low No precedence for the potency and thus low ratesrates

►►Revolutionized herbicidesRevolutionized herbicides►►Changed DuPontChanged DuPont’’s corporate strategy from s corporate strategy from

chemicals to life scienceschemicals to life sciences

Looking for SULooking for SU’’ss

►►LevittLevitt’’ss work led to:work led to:Glean Glean -- chlorsulfuronchlorsulfuronOust Oust -- sulfometuronsulfometuronAlly Ally -- metsulfuronmetsulfuronHarmony Harmony -- thifensulfuronthifensulfuron

ResistanceResistance

►►SUSU’’s set new world speed record for s set new world speed record for resistance development. resistance development.

►►Five years after commercial introduction, Five years after commercial introduction, resistant prickly lettuce appears. Followed resistant prickly lettuce appears. Followed shortly thereafter by resistant shortly thereafter by resistant kochiakochia. . Occurs from 1982Occurs from 1982--1987.1987.

►►Many others followMany others follow

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ResistanceResistance

►►Oust resistant ryegrass on Oust resistant ryegrass on ROWROW’’ss in MSin MS►►No turf weeds resistant yet?No turf weeds resistant yet?►►Maybe some Poa is nowMaybe some Poa is now►►May be the next speciesMay be the next species►►Education will help prolong the effectiveness Education will help prolong the effectiveness

of these herbicidesof these herbicides

Sulfonylurea HerbicidesSulfonylurea Herbicides

►►““They typically control a few species They typically control a few species very well and miss others.very well and miss others.””

►►““They are almost always used with a They are almost always used with a complementary herbicide.complementary herbicide.””–– Ross and Ross and LembiLembi (1999)(1999)

SU CharacteristicsSU Characteristics

►►Phytotoxicity is species dependent Phytotoxicity is species dependent ►►May not see rate responseMay not see rate response►►Some plants very sensitive to carryoverSome plants very sensitive to carryover►►Surfactants enhance uptakeSurfactants enhance uptake►►Low nonLow non--target species toxicitytarget species toxicity

SU CharacteristicsSU Characteristics

►►Soil breakdown by chemical hydrolysis, and Soil breakdown by chemical hydrolysis, and microbial activitymicrobial activity

►►Minor photo degradation and volatilizationMinor photo degradation and volatilization►►Leaching pH dependentLeaching pH dependent►►Better absorbed to organic Better absorbed to organic matatermatater than than

clayclay►►Persistence varies with product, pH, ratePersistence varies with product, pH, rate

Interfere with acetolactate synthase (ALS Interfere with acetolactate synthase (ALS Inhibitor)Inhibitor)

Readily absorbed by foliage and roots and Readily absorbed by foliage and roots and translocated to meristematic region. translocated to meristematic region. Growth is inhibited in sensitive plants, Growth is inhibited in sensitive plants, followed by chlorosis and death of growing followed by chlorosis and death of growing points. 10 to 21 days.points. 10 to 21 days.

Sulfonylurea Mode of ActionSulfonylurea Mode of Action SU SymptomsSU Symptoms

►►Reddish, purple colorReddish, purple color►►Stunting and root inhibitionStunting and root inhibition►►Bottlebrush rootsBottlebrush roots►►Red or purple veinsRed or purple veins►►Yellowing of terminal growthYellowing of terminal growth►►Dead terminalsDead terminals

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Stunted, bottlebrush rootsStunted, bottlebrush roots

Sulfosulfuron on johnsongrassSulfosulfuron on johnsongrass

Dead meristems yellow terminals Dead meristems yellow terminals

Chlorsulfuron (Lesco TFC)Chlorsulfuron (Lesco TFC)

►► In the beginning there In the beginning there was onewas one……..chlorsulfuron..chlorsulfuron

►► Sold as Lesco TFC.Sold as Lesco TFC.►► TelarTelar in in industrial in in industrial

markets (1984).markets (1984).►► Now sold as Corsair by Now sold as Corsair by

NuFarmNuFarm►► Never really took offNever really took off

Tall Fescue Control 5.33 oz/ac 5.33 oz/ac chlorsulfuruonchlorsulfuruon on tall fescueon tall fescue

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Wayne Bingham at Va. Tech Wayne Bingham at Va. Tech screened screened chlorsulfuronchlorsulfuron for for control of several broadleaf control of several broadleaf weeds in the spring and weeds in the spring and summer of summer of 19811981..

Weeds: Catsear, garlic, buttercup, knawel, violet, purslane speedwell, chickweed, dandelion, plantain, white clover and hop clover.

Sulfometuron Sulfometuron -- OustOust

►►Too much injury for use in fine turfToo much injury for use in fine turf

►►Delayed greenDelayed green--up can be a problem when up can be a problem when applied to dormant warm season grassesapplied to dormant warm season grasses

►►Sulfometuron and metsulfuron appeared Sulfometuron and metsulfuron appeared more or less at the same timemore or less at the same time

sulfometuron on zoysiagrasssulfometuron on zoysiagrass

Sulfometuron (Oust)Sulfometuron (Oust)

►► Tank mix with Tank mix with Roundup became the Roundup became the standard treatment for standard treatment for johnsongrass controljohnsongrass control

►► Widely used in Widely used in bermudagrass release bermudagrass release on roadsideson roadsides

►► Ryegrass resistance Ryegrass resistance documented in MSdocumented in MS

Leader in roadside weed control. Worked Leader in roadside weed control. Worked on Virginia buttonweed and many other on Virginia buttonweed and many other species with SUspecies with SU’’ss

Ray Dickens, Auburn UniversityRay Dickens, Auburn University

Conducted Conducted extensive trials with extensive trials with metsulfuron, metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron and sulfometuron and many other SUmany other SU’’s s on righton right--ofof--ways.ways.

Cruel Euel Coats Cruel Euel Coats ––Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State University

Did early work on Did early work on metsulfuron for metsulfuron for buttonweed control. buttonweed control. Extensive trials with Extensive trials with metsulfuron, metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron and many sulfometuron and many other SUother SU’’s on rights on right--ofof--ways. Leader in ROW ways. Leader in ROW work.work.

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One of Coat’s first abstracts dealing with SU’s Metsulfuron Metsulfuron –– Manor/BladeManor/Blade►►Discovered in 1982Discovered in 1982►►Available from O.M. Scotts 1990Available from O.M. Scotts 1990--1994 as 1994 as

DMC Weed ControlDMC Weed Control►►Escort in industrial and forestry marketsEscort in industrial and forestry markets►►Came back as Came back as ManorManor about 1999 from about 1999 from

Riverdale, also Blade from PBI GordonRiverdale, also Blade from PBI Gordon►►Bermuda, St. Augustine Bermuda, St. Augustine –– safe, safe,

zoysiagrass, centipede, fine fescue, Ky. zoysiagrass, centipede, fine fescue, Ky. Blue Blue –– less safeless safe

bahiagrass Spurge

violetsWild garlic

Manor/BladeManor/Blade

Salvia lyrata

Senecio

Manor/BladeManor/Blade

Manor on bahiagrassManor on bahiagrass

ManorManor

►►High level of acceptance from usersHigh level of acceptance from users►►Controls more broadleaf weeds Controls more broadleaf weeds

compared to other SUcompared to other SU’’ss►►No Poa control, stunts ryegrassNo Poa control, stunts ryegrass►►Tank mixes wellTank mixes well►►Can move on some sitesCan move on some sites

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Metsulfuron movement on ryegrassMetsulfuron movement on ryegrass

Proved to be the next useful transition aidProved to be the next useful transition aid

Kerb 0.5 lb, 3 WAT Manor 0.5 oz, 3 WAT Manor on zoysiagrassManor on zoysiagrass

Most damaging of the current SUMost damaging of the current SU’’s to bermudagrass s to bermudagrass and zoysiagrass seedlings.and zoysiagrass seedlings.

Manor on bentgrass, not as deadly as many of Manor on bentgrass, not as deadly as many of the other SUthe other SU’’ss

Halosulfuron (SedgeHammer)Halosulfuron (SedgeHammer)

►►Formerly ManageFormerly Manage►►Sedge control productSedge control product►►Safe on all turfgrassesSafe on all turfgrasses►►Monsanto started trials in 1988Monsanto started trials in 1988►►19931993……introduced at SWSS by Monsantointroduced at SWSS by Monsanto►►Now a Gowan productNow a Gowan product

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SedgeHammer on bentgrassSedgeHammer on bentgrass Yellow nutsedgeYellow nutsedge

annual sedgeannual sedge

purple nutsedgepurple nutsedge

KyllingaKyllinga

Rimsulfuron (Rimsulfuron (TranxitTranxit))

►► Poa annual controlPoa annual control►► Ryegrass transitionRyegrass transition►► Brought out by GriffinBrought out by Griffin►► Much initial work done Much initial work done

by Harold Walker at by Harold Walker at AuburnAuburn

►► Got people started Got people started thinking about offsite thinking about offsite movement, especially movement, especially onto bentgrass greens.onto bentgrass greens.

Tranxit 2 oz, 3 WATTranxit 1 oz, 3 WAT

rimsulfuron on bentgrassrimsulfuron on bentgrass Herbicide trackingHerbicide tracking

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To Reduce Tracking RiskTo Reduce Tracking Risk

►►Spray after traffic has left for the day.Spray after traffic has left for the day.►►Water for five minutes in the morning Water for five minutes in the morning

before traffic begins to remove dew.before traffic begins to remove dew.

SU MovementSU Movement

Tranxit Movement

Movement of SU Herbicides and Kerb Movement of SU Herbicides and Kerb Following Irrigation on a 28Following Irrigation on a 28oo SlopeSlope

0

1

2

3

4

5

18-Mar

Monument 0.33 oz/A* Monument 0.56 oz/A* Kerb WSP 3 lb/A*TranXit GTA 2 oz/A* Manor 0.5 oz/A* Revolver 17 oz/A

Mov

emen

t (ft

)

Applied Dec 16, 2003 beside perennial ryegrass Irrigation: 2.5” on Dec 17 and 0.5” on Dec 18 MonumentMonument

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TranxitTranxit RevolverRevolver

ManorManor KerbKerb

Clumpy ryegrass Clumpy ryegrass removalremoval

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Tranxit 2 oz/ac, applied 2Tranxit 2 oz/ac, applied 2--1616--05, photo 505, photo 5--44--0505

Flazasulfuron (Katana)Flazasulfuron (Katana)

►►Registered in Japan, 1989Registered in Japan, 1989►►19931993--1995 B.J. Johnson, Tim Murphy tested 1995 B.J. Johnson, Tim Murphy tested

it in Georgia.it in Georgia.►►19951995--2001 dormant period for the product2001 dormant period for the product►►Brought back by ISK BiotechBrought back by ISK Biotech►►2001 testing resumes with Fred Yelverton 2001 testing resumes with Fred Yelverton

and othersand others

B.J. JohnsonB.J. JohnsonUniversity of GeorgiaUniversity of Georgia

Worked with Worked with flazasulfuron in the mid flazasulfuron in the mid 9090’’s and did extensive s and did extensive early work with Corsair early work with Corsair and Manor and about and Manor and about every other turf every other turf herbicideherbicide

Flazasulfuron (Katana)Flazasulfuron (Katana)

►►Probably the best of the SUProbably the best of the SU’’s for tall fescue s for tall fescue controlcontrol

►►Effective for ryegrass transitionEffective for ryegrass transition►►Very effective on Poa and clumpy ryegrassVery effective on Poa and clumpy ryegrass►►Some sedge activity but not equal to Some sedge activity but not equal to

Monument or CertaintyMonument or Certainty

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Trifloxysulfuron (Monument)Trifloxysulfuron (Monument)

►► Most sedges Most sedges ►► Most cool season grassesMost cool season grasses►► TransitionTransition►► Next best on broadleaf weeds compared to ManorNext best on broadleaf weeds compared to Manor►► Bermudagrass, zoysiagrassBermudagrass, zoysiagrass►► 0.33 to 0.56 oz/ac0.33 to 0.56 oz/ac►► Not for residential useNot for residential use►► From SyngentaFrom Syngenta

Purple nutsedgePurple nutsedge Monument 0.56 oz, 42 DAT

trifloxysulfuron on bentgrasstrifloxysulfuron on bentgrasstrifloxysulfuron on centipedegrasstrifloxysulfuron on centipedegrass

Foramsulfuron (Revolver)Foramsulfuron (Revolver)

►► From BayerFrom Bayer►► Cool season grass controlCool season grass control►► TransitionTransition►► GoosegrassGoosegrass including in including in

seedling bermuda and seedling bermuda and zoysiagrasszoysiagrass

►► Labeled for bermudagrass Labeled for bermudagrass greensgreens

►► Limited broadleaf controlLimited broadleaf control

Revolver injury to centipede Revolver injury to centipede –– 8 WAT8 WAT

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Revolver 28 oz/aRevolver 28 oz/aManor 0.5 oz/acManor 0.5 oz/ac

3 weeks after 3 weeks after treatmenttreatment

5 weeks after treatment5 weeks after treatment

RevolverRevolver

UntreatedUntreated

Speed of Ryegrass RemovalSpeed of Ryegrass Removal

Manor, BladeManor, Blade

TranXit, Revolver, Monument, TranXit, Revolver, Monument, Katana, CertaintyKatana, Certainty

Slow to FastSlow to FastKerbKerb

IlloxanIlloxan

Sulfosulfuron (Certainty)Sulfosulfuron (Certainty)

►►Labeled in 2005Labeled in 2005►►Controls sedges, johnsongrass and cool Controls sedges, johnsongrass and cool

season grassesseason grasses►►Safe on bermuda, zoysiagrass, St. Safe on bermuda, zoysiagrass, St.

Augustine, CentipedeAugustine, Centipede►►0.66 to 2.66 oz/ac0.66 to 2.66 oz/ac►►Some broadleaf controlSome broadleaf control

SU AdvancesSU Advances►► Selective cool season grass controlSelective cool season grass control

Poa, ryegrass, tall fescuePoa, ryegrass, tall fescueFaster than KerbFaster than KerbMore selectivityMore selectivityMore effective transitionMore effective transition

►► Sedge ControlSedge ControlGood control, less stunting compared to ImageGood control, less stunting compared to Image

►► Broadleaf controlBroadleaf controlMore tough species controlledMore tough species controlledSpurge, carpetweedSpurge, carpetweedNo phenoxy odorNo phenoxy odor

SU AdvancesSU Advances

►►Warm Season Grass ControlWarm Season Grass ControlBetter bahiagrass control (Manor)Better bahiagrass control (Manor)Excellent johnsongrass control (Certainty)Excellent johnsongrass control (Certainty)Improved dallisgrass control (Revolver, Improved dallisgrass control (Revolver, Certainty)Certainty)

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SU StrengthsSU Strengths

CertaintyCertainty►► SedgesSedges

MonumentMonument►► SedgesSedges►► PoaPoa►► RyegrassRyegrass

RevolverRevolver►► GoosegrassGoosegrass►► PoaPoa►► RyegrassRyegrass

TranxitTranxit►► PoaPoa►► RyegrassRyegrass

SedgehammerSedgehammer►► SedgesSedges

ManorManor►► Broadleaf weedsBroadleaf weeds►► BahiagrassBahiagrass