SpreadofIslamDBQ

Instructions:Readandannotatethesourcesattached,thenusethemtoanswerthepiecesoftheprompt.Togetfullcredit,youmustuseatleast6ofthesources,andanswerinthespaceprovidedattheend.

Prompt:IdentifythecausesandevaluatethereachandimpactofIslam’sspreadfromitsoriginsto1450CE.

Document1Source:MapofEarlyExpansionofMuslimRule.

Document2Source:FormforSyrianChristianstoacceptforpeace,attributedtoUmar,secondcaliphfollowingtheProphetMuhammad,circa637CE.ThisisawritingtoUmarfromtheChristiansofsuchandsuchacity.WewillnotdisplaythecrossuponourchurchesordisplayourcrossesoroursacredbooksinthestreetsoftheMuslimorintheirmarketplaces;thatwewillstriketheclappersinourchurcheslightly;thatwewillnotreciteourservicesinaloudvoicewhenaMuslimispresent;thatwewillnotcarrypalm-branchesorourimagesinprocessioninthestreets;thatattheburialofthedeadwewillnochangeloudlyorcarrylightedcandlesinthestreetsoftheMuslimsorthemarketplaces;thatwewillnottakeanyslaveswhohavealreadybeeninthepossessionofMuslimsorintotheirhouses;andthatwewillnotstrikeanyMuslim.Allthiswepromisetoobserve,onbehalfofourselvesandourco-religionists,andreceiveprotectionfromyouinexchange;andifweviolateanyoftheconditionsofthisagreement,thenweforfeityourprotectionandyouareatlibertytotreatusasenemiesandrebels.

Document3Source:Tarik,aMuslimleaderwholedtheconquestofSpain,addressinghistroops,711.TheCommanderofTrueBelievers,Alwalid,sonofAbdalmelik,haschosenyouforthisattackfromallhisArabwarriors,andhepromisesthatyoushaltbecomehiscomrades,andshallholdtherankofkingsinthiscountry.Suchishisconfidenceinyourintrepidity.TheonefruitwhichhedesirestoobtainfromyourbraveryisthatthewordofGodshallbeexaltedinthiscountry,andthatthetruereligionshallbeestablishedhere.Thespoilswillbelongtoyourselves.

Document4Source:TravelsinAsiaandAfricabyIbnBattuta,1325-1354CE.IarrivedatlengthatCairo,motherofcitiesandseatofPharaohthetyrant,mistressofbroadregionsandfruitfullands,boundlessinmultitudeofbuildings,peerlessinbeautyandsplendor,themeetingplaceofcomerandgoer,thehalting-placeoffeebleandmighty,whosethrongssurgeasthewavesofthesea,andcanscarcebecontainedinherforallhersizeandcapacity.ItissaidthatinCairotherearetwelvethousandwater-carrierswhotransportwateroncamels,andthirtythousandhirersofmulesanddonkeys,andthatontheNiletherearethirty-sixthousandboatsbelongingtotheSultanandhissubjectswhichsailupstreamtoUpperEgyptanddownstreamtoAlexandriaandDamietta,ladenwithgoodsandprofitablemerchandiseofallkinds.

Document5Source:AreportoftheBattleofTours,fromtheChronicleofSt.Denis,732TheMuslimsplannedtogotoTourstodestroytheChurchofSt.Martin,thecity,andthewholecountry.ThencomeagainstthemthegloriousPrinceCharles,attheheadofhiswholeforce.Hedrewuphishost,andhefoughtasfiercelyasthehungryworldfallsuponthestag.BythegraceofOurLord,hewroughtagreatslaughterupontheenemiesofChristianfaith,sothatashistorybearswitnessheslewinthatbattle300,00men,likewisetheirkingbynameAbdurrahman.

Document6Source:MapofthewesternSudandrawnbyaJewishgeographershowingaNorthAfricamerchantapproachingMansaKankanMusa,theMuslimrulerofMali,1375CE.

Document7Source:FiruzShah,MuslimsultanofDelhiinIndia,autobiographicalaccountpreparedtowardtheendofhislife,circa1380CE.TheHindusandidol-worshippershadagreedtopaythemoneyfortoleration,andhadconsentedtothepolltax,inreturnforwhichtheyandtheirfamiliesenjoyedsecurity.ThesepeoplenowerectednewidoltemplesinthecityandtheenvironsinoppositiontotheLawoftheProphetwhichdeclaresthatsuchtemplesarenottobetolerated.UnderDivineguidanceIdestroyedtheseedificesandIkilledthoseleadersofinfidelitywhoseducedothersintoerror,andthelowerordersIsubjectedtostripesandchastisements,untilthisabusewasentirelyabolished.

Document8Source:KarenArmstrong,Islam:AShortHistory,RandomHouse,2000.Forcenturies…Arabshad[addedto]theirinadequateresourcesbymeansoftheghazu[raidsagainstothertribes],butIslamhadputastoptothisbecausetheummah[Muslimcommunity]wasnotpermittedtoattackoneanother.Whatwouldreplacetheghazu,whichhadenabledMuslimstoscratchoutameagerlivelihood?…Theobviousanswerwasaseriesofghazuraidsagainstthenon-Muslimcommunitiesintheneighboringcountries.Theunitoftheummahwouldbepreservedbyanoutwardlydirectedoffensive[attack].Therewasnothingreligiousaboutthesecampaigns.…Theobjective…wasplunderandacommonactivitythatwouldpreservetheunityoftheummah.ForcenturiestheArabshadtriedtoraidtherichersettledlandsbeyondthe[Arabian]peninsula…

Document9Source:FredDonner,TheEarlyIslamicConquests,1981.Duringtheconquestperiodthegrantingofgifts,whichhadbeenpracticedbyMuhammad,becamemoreregularizedandeventuallyinstitutionalized.Inthefirstplace,therewasestablishedasystemofstipendsordirectsalarypayments(‘ata-’)towarriorsservingintheIslamicarmies.…TribesmanintheIslamicarmieswhorebelledagainsttheregimenowdidsoatthecostoflosingthestipendsthattheregimeprovided.Similarly,stipendsweregrantedtosomePersianorArameannobles(dihqans)whocooperatedwiththeMuslimsinIraq.Inmostcases,itappearsthattheseindividualswererequiredtoembraceIslaminordertoreceivetheirstipend.

Answerincompletesentencesusingthesources:

Causes:

Reach:

Impact: