sprayer complete
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Faculty of Agricultural Engineering IGKV, Raipur (C.G.) Faculty of Agricultural Engineering IGKV, Raipur (C.G.)
Neelesh ChaturvediMasters Seminar FMPE 591
Roll No.13935
Largest producer of fruits in the world.
Fruit production 46 million tonnes.
10% of world production
1% of export earnings from agricultural products
25-30% fruit production losses occurs due to Pest and dicease in India.
Largest producer of fruits in the world.
Fruit production 46 million tonnes.
10% of world production
1% of export earnings from agricultural products
25-30% fruit production losses occurs due to Pest and dicease in India.
Orchard: An area of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.Orchard: An area of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.
Sprayer: It is the device used for apply fluids in the form of droplets Sprayer: It is the device used for apply fluids in the form of droplets
Spraying : It is the application of chemicals, foliar nutrients, insecticides, fungicides in the form of fine droplets
Spraying : It is the application of chemicals, foliar nutrients, insecticides, fungicides in the form of fine droplets
Orchard Sprayer using by large air stream for the application of chemicals, growth regulators, pesticides, foliar nutrients.
Orchard sprayers: Axial fan orchard sprayer Air assisted tunnel sprayer Centrifugal fan orchard Cross flow fan orchard sprayer
The efficiency and Cost effectiveness of these sprayers mainly depends on operational skill, machine settings, selection of chemical, timing, orchard condition
Orchard Sprayer using by large air stream for the application of chemicals, growth regulators, pesticides, foliar nutrients.
Orchard sprayers: Axial fan orchard sprayer Air assisted tunnel sprayer Centrifugal fan orchard Cross flow fan orchard sprayer
The efficiency and Cost effectiveness of these sprayers mainly depends on operational skill, machine settings, selection of chemical, timing, orchard condition
Orchard sprayers
Basic components of axial fan orchard sprayer((Adapted from Cromwell, R. P. 1975.)
Working principle:Working principle:
Tank of the sprayer should be corrosion resistant.
Piston or centrifugal Pumps may be use .
Pressure regulator which helps to maintain speed of engine
Pressure gauges spray helps to control over spray output or input
Control valves use to on\off valve.
Spray nozzles use to atomize liquid
Tank of the sprayer should be corrosion resistant.
Piston or centrifugal Pumps may be use .
Pressure regulator which helps to maintain speed of engine
Pressure gauges spray helps to control over spray output or input
Control valves use to on\off valve.
Spray nozzles use to atomize liquid
Effective in a wide range of types of orchard
Sprayers are simple, reliable low cost of purchase and operation
The efficiency depends on species, variety, rootstock, location, site, planting system, age, management, etc.
Spray losses on the ground can range from less than 2–39%
Use in mango, apple orchards
Effective in a wide range of types of orchard
Sprayers are simple, reliable low cost of purchase and operation
The efficiency depends on species, variety, rootstock, location, site, planting system, age, management, etc.
Spray losses on the ground can range from less than 2–39%
Use in mango, apple orchards
Axial fan orchard sprayerAxial fan orchard sprayer
Spray deposit and coverage in the canopy
Collection and recycling rate of the liquid sprayed in the tunnel.
It reduces pesticide input and draft in orchard
It can also used for smaller plot size
Spray deposit and coverage in the canopy
Collection and recycling rate of the liquid sprayed in the tunnel.
It reduces pesticide input and draft in orchard
It can also used for smaller plot size
Air assisted tunnel sprayerAir assisted tunnel sprayer
• Rotating impeller increases air velocity
• Air speed is converted to pressure
• Suited for high flow and forced draft services
• Efficiency >85%
• Not suited for dirty airstreams
• Instability and erosion risk
• Used in rubber plantation, field crops.
Centrifugal fan:Centrifugal fan:
Cross flow fan:Cross flow. - Air enters the impeller at one part of the outer periphery flows inward and exits at another part of the outer periphery.
Uniform discharge, high air rate
Can handle dirty air and higher pressures
More expensive
Cross flow. - Air enters the impeller at one part of the outer periphery flows inward and exits at another part of the outer periphery.
Uniform discharge, high air rate
Can handle dirty air and higher pressures
More expensive
Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan air blast sprayer
1.Effects of spray quality.
2.Effects of spray flow rate.
Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan air blast sprayer
1.Effects of spray quality.
2.Effects of spray flow rate.
Case studies
This experiment was conducted Horticulture Research International .East Malling, UK
East malling of the Varity Cox of apple was used.
A tractor mounted light detection and ranging was used to characterize the structure of trees.
A vehicle mounted meteorological mast fitted with a three –dimensional ultrasonic anemometer.
A temperature and relative humidity measuring probe was used to measure local meteorological conditions.
This experiment was conducted Horticulture Research International .East Malling, UK
East malling of the Varity Cox of apple was used.
A tractor mounted light detection and ranging was used to characterize the structure of trees.
A vehicle mounted meteorological mast fitted with a three –dimensional ultrasonic anemometer.
A temperature and relative humidity measuring probe was used to measure local meteorological conditions.
J.V.cross et al(2001)
Three treatments of very fine (VMD=156µm), fine (VMD=198µm) and medium spray (VMD=237µm) were selected from an axial fan orchard sprayer.
Each treatment was applied to different orchards each containing apple trees of different size viz, small, medium, large.
4m row spacing and 2m plant to plant spacing and volume rate 298-307l/ha were maintained.
Three treatments of very fine (VMD=156µm), fine (VMD=198µm) and medium spray (VMD=237µm) were selected from an axial fan orchard sprayer.
Each treatment was applied to different orchards each containing apple trees of different size viz, small, medium, large.
4m row spacing and 2m plant to plant spacing and volume rate 298-307l/ha were maintained.
J.V.cross et al(2001)
Table 1. TreatmentsTable 1. Treatments
Very fine Fine spray Medium spray
No. of nozzles 8 8 8
Pressure (bar) 11.9 5.5 3.2
VMD (µm) 156 198 239
Spray liquid flow rate(l/min)-1997
11.5 11.4 11.6
1998 11.7 11.9 11.7
Forward speed( -1997 5.8 5.8 5.8
1998 5.8 5.8 5.8
Spray volume (l/ha)-1997
300 298 301
1998 303 307 302
PTO speed (rpm) 500 500 500
Air volumetric flow (m³/s)
11.3 11.3 11.3
J.V.cross et al(2001)
ResultsResultsTable 2.Grand mean normalised spray deposits on composites samples of
leaves Table 2.Grand mean normalised spray deposits on composites samples of
leaves
Orchard Very fine Fine Medium Mean
15 July 1997
Small trees 0.58 0.69 0.62 0.63
Medium trees 0.51 0.57 0.68 0.59
Large trees 0.56 0.62 0.62 0.60
Mean 0.55 0.63 0.64 0.60
2 July 1998
Small trees 0.46 0.48 0.39 0.44
Medium trees 041 0.39 0.38 0.39
Large trees 0.45 0.41 0.43 0.43
Mean 0.44 0.43 0.4 0.42
J.V.cross et al(2001)
Sampling zones
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6
Small VF 0.69 0.46 0.48 0.62 0.51 0.69
Tree F 0.8 0.53 0.57 0.83 0.59 0.82
M 0.91 0.55 0.39 0.74 0.52 0.58
Medium VF 0.93 0.55 0.33 0.45 0.44 0.37
Tree F 0.92 0.50 0.29 0.69 0.61 0.40
M 1.13 0.77 0.31 0.71 0.63 0.51
Large VF 1.31 0.54 0.18 0.57 0.45 0.30
Tree F 1.20 0.48 0.23 0.82 0.63 0.35
M 1.11 0.65 0.32 0.62 0.66 0.37
mean 0.81 0.43 0.17 0.48 0.43 0.21
Table 3.Distribution of normalized spray deposits on leaves in different zones of the tree
Table 3.Distribution of normalized spray deposits on leaves in different zones of the tree
J.V.cross et al(2001)
Table 4.Normalised spray deposit on fruits Table 4.Normalised spray deposit on fruits
Table 5.percentage of the applied spray retained on the treeTable 5.percentage of the applied spray retained on the tree
Normalized deposits on samplings lines just above the groundNormalized deposits on samplings lines just above the ground
Orchard Very fine Fine Medium Mean
Small trees 0.68 0.49 0.27 0.48
Medium trees 0.51 0.35 0.22 0.36
Large trees 0.26 0.33 0.19 0.26
Mean 0.49 0.39 0.23 0.37
ConclusionConclusion
In the spray quality the overall grand mean deposits on composite leaf samples in the 1997 experiment was 50% greater than in the 1998.
The ratio of deposits on sampling zones close to the sprayer (zone 1 and 4) were greater in experiment.
The VF treatment gave significantly smaller mean deposits on composite samples leaves as well as on fruits.
Variation in spray quality did not greatly affect the efficiency or macro-distribution of deposition from the axial fan sprayer.
In the spray quality the overall grand mean deposits on composite leaf samples in the 1997 experiment was 50% greater than in the 1998.
The ratio of deposits on sampling zones close to the sprayer (zone 1 and 4) were greater in experiment.
The VF treatment gave significantly smaller mean deposits on composite samples leaves as well as on fruits.
Variation in spray quality did not greatly affect the efficiency or macro-distribution of deposition from the axial fan sprayer.