SPORTTECH

Technical Textiles-Global Scenario

Market research• Over the last 15 years there has been a huge increase in participation

in active sports all over the world.

• Increase in the participation in sports activity is accompanied by thedevelopment of appropriate of sports wear tailored to meet differentrequirement of different sports.

• It is predicted that expenditure on sports will grow with a CAGR of8.9%, from US$ 1 billion in 2005 to US$ 6 billion in 2025.

• In the global scenario, Mobiltech, Indutech and Sportech arepredominant segments which collectively constitute about 56% oftotal global consumption of technical textiles.

• Meditech, Sportech , Geotech and Oekotech are smaller size but wiilbe the fastest growing segments, over next 3 years.

Market Demand of Sport Tech

Market research• SPROTTECH: It is one of the branch of Technical Textiles which deals

with the textile materials used for the sports and leisure purpose.

• Examples of sport-tech are: aerobic clothing, athleticclothing, football clothing, cricket clothing,games shorts, gloves, jackets, pants, shirts, shorts, socks, sweatshirts,swimwear and tennis clothing, sails, trampolines, camping gear,leisure bags, bikes and rackets, athletic shoes, football boots, gymshoes, tennis shoes and walking boots

What is Sport Tech??

Examples of Sport Tech

What happens when you play sports?

• Move easily.

• Get hot

• Get cold

• Sweat

• Sweat can lead to you getting cold

• Get dirty

• Rubbing

• Possible falls, knocks etc.

• It might rain, windy, sunny, snowy.

• Day and night visibility

• You might need keys or money

What happens when you play sports??

What happens when you play sports?

• The protection/safety functions to protect wearers from adverse weather(wind, rain and snow, etc).

• The comfort function which gives wear comfort (thermo-physiologicalcomfort, skin sensorial comfort, body movement comfort) to wearers

• The exercise function to assist positively improvement of athletic recordsand attainment of one’s target.

• Aesthetic appeal and high fashion ability.

REQUIREMENTS

Sports wear

Sports Accessories

Sports Goods

CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTTECH

• These are the apparels which have performance enhancement such as moisture management, comfort, anti-bacterial, etc. Eg: Sportswear- Sports shirts, athletic wear, sport shoes, exercise wear, sport Jersey, gloves, etc.

Sports wear

• The sport accessories comprise of nets, turfs, rings, etc which provide requisite playing conditions.

Sports Accessories

• These are the active sport Items for specific sport like inflatable balls for volley ball football and rugby, hockey sticks, golf club, etc

Sports Goods

CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTTECH

What happens when you play sports?In sports, previously a traditional apparel textile was used. For that the player has toface so many problems such as:

• Sweating – which stick the fabric with body

• Feeling hot during run

• Improper stretch ability

• Extra weight of the fabric

• Give protection to body skin during fall on the ground

• Inadequate fabric for fluid resistance for swimmer Windproof, waterproof fabricfor sailor

• Light weight shoe with proper strength & air circulation

• High tenacity & resistance to abrasion for the skiwear uniform

• Improper gripping of the shoes during run etc.

Problems Occurred Using Traditional Apparel in Sports

Required • Optimum heat and moisture regulation.

• Rapid moisture absorption and conveyance capacity

• Good air and water permeability

• Prevention of a long term feeling of dampness

• Low water absorption of the layer of clothing facing the skin

• Quick drying fabric to prevent catching cold.

• Pleasant to skin, soft, non-abrasive and non-chafing.

• Dimensionally stable even when wet

• Durable

• Lightweight

• Soft and pleasant touch

• Easy care

• Smart and functional design

Required Properties for Sportswear

Sportswear Required Function

1. Shirts for tennis, volleyball, golf, football, rugby, base ball uniform, track suits

Sweat absorption, fast drying, cooling

2. Skiwear, windbreaker, rain wear Vapour permeability, water proofing

3. Skiwear, windbreakers, track suits Sunlight absorbing and thermal retention

4. Swimming race and skating costume, skijump and downhill skiing suits, cycling costumes

Low fluid resistance (for water and air)

5. Swimwear, leotards, skating costume. Stretch ability, opacity

6.Skiwear, snowboard wear, football and base ball uniform

High tenacity, heat melt resistance to abrasion

Required Functions On Different Sportswear

Textile Materials Used For Sportswear

• Polymer

• Phase change Materials: Phase Change" materials (PCM)” are being developed forsportswear. This means that they contain a chemical that changes from being a liquid to a gel ataround body temperature. These are used in cold weather protect clothing like gloves, boots andhats. The paraffin, which is available in different recipes with various melting points, is referred tothe phase change material. When the capsules are heated, the paraffin liquidifies and heatenergy is stored. When the environment cools, the paraffin crystallizes again, releasing heat.

Textile Materials Used For Sportswear• Shape Memory polymers material

• It can remember and retain its shape or return to a previous form. Agarment made from these shape memory polymers is able to sensechanges in the surroundings environment; and can evaluateintelligently and control its response to ensure the highest level ofcomfort.

Textile Fibres Used For SportswearPolyester,Cotton,Carbon,LycraNylon,PolypropyleneSpecial fibre• Hygra – sheath-core type (water

absorbing polymer

and nylon)

• Lumiac - polyester filaments (0.5 - 2.0 denier per filament) with irregular cross sections

• Dryarn – Recyclable polypropylene micro fibre

Textile Fibres Used For Sportswear

• Killat N - Nylon hollow filament, the hollow portion is about 33% of each cross section of filament which gives good water absorbency and warmth retentive property.

• Roica and Leofeel N – roica is polyether type spandex and Leofeel is soft nylon66.Combination of Roica and Leofeel N in mixed knitted tricot fabric gives soft touch and excellent stretch. Suitable for swimming wear.

• The following fabrics are commercially available for sports wear.such as

• Knitted fabric

• Woven fabric

• Nonwoven fabric

But These fabrics differ in their structure such as entrapped air, pore shape and size, bulk and surfaceproperties etc. For sportswear, knitted fabrics are preferred as these fabrics have greater elasticity andstretch ability compared to woven fabric, which provide unrestricted freedom of movement andtransmission of body vapour to the next textile layer in the clothing system.

Layered Fabrics:

• Layered fabrics became common for active sportswear. Two layer or three layer fabrics are most commonly used for thermos physiological regulation and give better performance than single layer fabric.

Types of Fabric used for Sportswear

Figure 1 Two layered type fabric structure

for active wear

Figure 2 Three layered type fabric structure for

active wear

In Two layered fabric

Inner layer next to the skin is to wick away the perspiration

rapidlyprovides comfort by keeping the skin dry. In this layer, a

synthetic material with good moisture transfer properties, e.g.

polyester, nylon, acrylic or polypropylene is used.

outer layer, which absorbs and dissipates it rapidly to the

atmosphere by evaporation. A material which is good absorber

of moisture, e.g. cotton, wool, viscose rayon or their blends

can be used in this layer

In Three layered fabric

Inner layer provides comfort by keeping the skin dry. Also called base layer or first layer.

Mid layer provides warmth. Also called insulating layer. The use of superfine or micro fibre yarn enables production of dense fabrics leading to more effective capillary action, with better thermo-physiological regulation

Outer layer protects from wind and water and also works protection over other two layer.

Types of Fabric used for Sportswear

Sports textile has versatile use. Some uses of Sports Textile are given below

• Sports composites Tents for sports

• Swimming costume

• Sleeping bags

• Sports equipment

• Cycling

• Golf

• Tennis

• Mountaineering, Skiing,

• Cricket, etc.

• Artificial turf

• Ballooning fabrics

• Parachute fabrics

• Sail cloth

• Sports nets

• Sports footwear

APPLICATIONS OF SPORTSWEAR FABRICS

Trade Name of Sports wear

1.Coolmax 9.Watermagic

2.Lumiace 10.Gore-tex

3.Dryarn 11.EntrantGH

4.KillatN 12.SYPMPATEX

5.Triactor 13.ISOFIX–super

6.Dri-release 14. Sport wool

7.Naiva

8.Fieldsensor

Leadin brands available for sports garmentCk ProductsAdidasPumaReebokNikeDecathlon

Sport Brand

SPORTS ACCESSORIES

Efficient and durable sporting items providing designated playing conditions for the targeted sports, viz. Artificial turfs, Sport nets, rings etc.

• Manufactured from synthetic fibres, and made to look and perform like a natural grass surface. Pile fibres of polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon-6 or nylon-6, 6 are knitted as backing using flat-bed knitting machine

• It was named as ChemGrass and as it was first installed in 1966 at the indoor baseball stadium, the Houston Astrodome in Texas, US

ARTIFICIAL TURF

ARTIFICIAL TURF

Benefits for using artificial turf Risks for artificial Turf

DIFFERENT TYPES OF NET

• Dimensional stability is important - Heat stabilized nettings

• Aesthetic is very important

• Resistance to UV

• Indore nets – F. R. is important

• Antifungal property is often askedKnotted Braided

Twisted knotless

Square MeshDiamond Mesh Knotted twisted Ultra Cross

DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETSProduct features

Twine Size (mm)

Color Mesh opening size

Dimensions Side & Bottom

Material of construction

Badminton nets

0.75 Black 20mm 24 x 2.5 ft Black PVC tape (width 20 mm + 20 mm)

HDPE, P.P., Cotton & Nylon

Tennis Nets 3.5 - 45mm 42 x 4 Ft Black vinyl coatedfabric (width=63mm + 63mm)

HDPE , UV heated-Machine knotted

Volley Ball Nets 3 to 4 - 100 mm 9.5 x 1 Mtr PVC coated fabric

HDPE, P.P.,Nylon

Soccer Goal Nets

7 to 10 - 5 inch 24 x 8 x 6ft - HDPE, P.P., Nylon

Handball Nets

- - 4 inch 2 x 3 x 1 mtr - HDPE & P.P.

Cricket nets - - 2 to 3 inches 100 x 10ft,100 x 12ft,100 x 15ft

- HDPE & P.P.

SLEEPING BAG

• Sleeping bags are used as protective bags and also like closed blanket withzipper during climbing, camping, hiking etc. Its main object is to protectfrom chill wind and to provide thermal insulation as well.

• Outer fabric: These are almost exclusively synthetic materials which arewindproof and usually have a water-repellent coating

• Inner fabric: Synthetic fabrics (especially Nylon) are used predominantly

• Filling: Weight and pack size, for a given amount of warmth, are two ofthe key considerations when choosing a filling. The fillings are - Down,Kapok or Synthetics

TENTS

• Pure cotton canvas and polyester cotton blended canvas(Polyester/cotton 30/70 or 50/50) are the most widely used material for making tents. Canvas cloths of 8-15 Oz per square yard are generally used for tents.

• The camping tents are generally made of synthetic materials as they have a higher strength to weight ratio. Nylon is a very popular material

SPORTS GOODS

Textile Material Used For Sports Goods

BOXING EQUIPMENTS consists of Boxing Gloves, Boxing Head Guards, Boxing Pads, Abdominal Guard, Speed Ball, punching Bag etc.They are made of • PU laminated / PVC coated fabrics, woven

polyester fabric / Nylon fabric.

• PU/PVC coated fabrics are the most commonly used fabrics

Textile Material Used For Sports Goods

Cricket Gloves• Batting gloves are made of PU laminated

fabric.• Wicket keeping gloves are made of PVC

coated fabric as they are subject to more wear and tear.

HelmetsA PVC thermoforming 0.5 mm thick, the edge of which are taped to the foam material which is polystyrene & PU.

Textile Material Used For Sports Goods

Sports shoes• PVC and PU fabrics are the most widely used material for sport shoes. They are also known as

artificial Leather.• PU fabrics have the advantage of higher breathability over PVC fabrics.• The shoe uppers and linings account for 90-95 % of the technical textile components.

Sports shoes are made of three layer• Upper layer made of woven nylon, PET & leather• Middle layer of foam• Inner layer of warp knit fabric or woven

Technology Used for Making

Upper Layer Weaving

Inner layer Warp kintting

Shoe laces Braiding

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