sports medicine 20 project b: intermediate anatomy, assessment & program design hcs 2910
TRANSCRIPT
SPORTS MEDICINE 20
Project B: Intermediate Anatomy, Assessment & Program Design
HCS 2910
Why Tape?
Provide support to vulnerable structures
Taping is not a replacement for adequate rehabilitation Taping is one type of treatment in the whole
process
Used to reinforce damaged ligaments The interim repair tissue is collagen (scar
tissue) Scar tissue is strong but not elastic It is prone to re injury in early stages of
healing Proper taping and strapping can provide
support to healing tissue
When to Tape?
Taping is used for: Acute injury management
Used in post injury rehabilitation phase when returning to weight bearing exercises
Injury Prevention Depending on Budget, it is used as a
preventative measure Return to Activity
When not to Tape?
You should not tape if further assessment of the injury is required other than to provide support
You should not tape if the injury is acute and active swelling.
Do not tape after ice application Do not tape overnight Do not tape if you are unsure of the
severity of the injury or if unsure of technique
Certain sports may prohibit the use of tape
Do not tape pre pubertal athletes
Preparation for taping?
Skin surface should be clean of oil, perspiration and dirt
Hair should be removed Tape adherent is optional but
recommended Foam and skin lubricant should be
used to minimize blisters and skin irritation
Pro wrap can be used but the anchors need to be adhered to the skin
Rules for taping application? Tape in the position in which the joint
must be stabilized Overlap the tape by half Avoid continuous taping Keep tape roll in hand whenever
possible Smooth and mold tape as it is laid
down on skin Allow tape to follow contours of the
skin Start taping with an anchor piece and
finish by applying a lock strip Do not apply tape if skin is hot or cold
Post Taping After game or practice:
Ensure that the athlete carefully removes the tape
Check for blister, cutes or other skin problems
Advise athlete if there are signs of irritation
Wash away traces of the tape adherent
Anatomy and Injuries
The human body is designed for linear motion, either forward or backward, based on the design of the body’s joints. Sports, however involve rotational or
angular forces on joints. These forces affect the type and severity of
injury sustained by an athlete This in turn will dictate the type of taping
technique employed to provide support
Regional Terminology
You need to be familiar with regional terminology that will be used throughout to direct you in the proper taping and strapping Athletic First Aid is more than just
the functions of ligaments, tendons and muscle tissue
Human Skeleton Planes and Terms
Human Skeleton Terminology
Inferior/Superior—Medial/Lateral Superior/Inferior
Defined by the Transverse Plane Superior structures are above the
plane Inferior structures are below the
plane Medial/Lateral
Defined by the Mid Sagittal Plane (Midline)
Lateral refers to structures further away from midline
Medial refers to structures closer to the midline
Proximal/Distal—Anterior/Posterior Proximal/Distal
Defined from a specific point Proximal structures are closer to the
specific point Distal structures are farther from the
specific point Anterior/Posterior
Defined by the Frontal Plane Anterior structures are in front of the plane Posterior structures are behind the plane
Joint Movements For every movement a human
body can make, a specific muscle or muscle group contracts to make the motion. All of these movements are
described in terms of the anatomical positionAnatomical position is a neutral position, with eyes, toes and palms facing forward
Flexion/Extension—Pronation/Supination
Flexion/Extension In flexion the angle formed by the joint gets
smaller In extension the angle formed by the joint gets
larger Flexion and Extension are performed in the
sagittal plane unless there is another movement accompanied the flexion/extension
Pronation/Supination These movements refer to rotational movement
with the hands Pronation is palms facing upwards (External
rotation) Supination is palms facing downward (Internal
rotation)
Elevation/Depression-Protraction/Retraction
Elevation/Depression Typically involve the shoulder Elevation is when the shoulders are
shrugged Depression is when they are pulled down
and back Depression contributes to good posture
Protraction/Retraction These movements refer to lateral movement
with the body as a reference point When the shoulder is pulled back this is
retraction When the shoulder is pushed forward this is
protraction Retraction contributes to good posture
Adduction/Abduction-Circumduction/Rotation
Adduction/Abduction These movements refer to vertical movement
with the body as a reference point Abduction means to move away from the body Adduction means to move towards the body
“Add in” Circumduction/Rotation
Similar movements that are often confused Rotation takes place around an axis (a
bone) Circumduction is not limited by an axis
Arms circles are circumduction
Opposition-Dorsiflexion/Planterflexion-Inversion/Eversion
Opposition This movement separates us from other
primates When the thumb and pinky touch
Dorsiflexion/Planterflexion Named after the surfaces of the foot Dorsiflexion means flexing foot upwards Planterflexion means flexing foot downward
Inversion/Eversion These movements are key in ankle injuries Inversion rotates the ankle toward the midline
(most common ankle injury Eversion rotates the ankle away from the
midline
Human SkeletonSkull
Mandible (Jaw)Clavicle (Collarbone)SternumHumorous
RibsVertebraePelvisRadiusUlnaCarpalsMetacarpalsPhalangesFemur
Patella (Kneecap)
TibiaFibula
TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges
The Right Shoulder
The Right Shoulder
There are a number of bursae in the shoulder joint.
Bursae are fluid filled sacs that are designed to reduce friction between tissues
The most important and often irritated bursa in the shoulder is the sub-acromial bursa. It is typically hurt in overhand throwing The humeral head compress the bursa
causing inflammation and pain
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Acromioclavicular Joint is on top of the shoulder
This is called the AC joint for short and connects the acromion process of the scapula with the clavicle providing the top section of the shoulder socket
There is little protection for this joint and it is frequently injured in collisions with the ground or the boards
Rotator Cuff Muscles in the Shoulder
Rotator Cuff Muscles in the Shoulder
The rotator cuff muscles provide stability of the Glenohumeral Joint
The Rotator Cuff tendons work to keep the humeral head in the Glenoid fossa
Theses muscles are integral in the braking mechanism of the arm during overhead throwing or striking actions
The Glenohumeral Joint is separated when the arm is away from the body and contacts the ground or playing surface
The Bones of the Elbow
The Healthy Elbow
Elbow Hyperextension
This injury usually occurs when the arm is fully extended with the palm facing forward and is forced backwards
The critical components of a successful taping technique is to keep the arm flexed when the fan is applied.
Use elastic tape for the anchors to not cut off circulation in the arm
Bones of the Wrist/Hand
Scaphoid Bone Break in the Hand
Scaphoid Bone break in the hand can be a very serious injury Limited blood flow to the bone leads to slow
recovery People with broken scaphoids can get
impatient resulting in removal of casts and re injury of the bone
If this occurs repeatedly blood flow can diminish even further sometimes resulting in the bone dieing
Muscle of the Thigh
Muscles and Movements of the Thigh
Quadreceps Rectus Femoris: Hip Flexion and Lower Leg Extension Vastus Medialis, Intermedialis, Lateralis: Lower Leg
Extension
Hamstrings Biceps Femoris: Hip Extension and Lower Leg Flexion Semitendonosus and Semimembranonus: Lower Leg
Flexion
Gluteals Gluteus Maximus: Hip Extension and Hip Abduction
Adductor Muscles Gracilis, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus: Hip
Adduction
Ligaments of the Knee
Ligaments, Meniscus and Cartilage
Knee Sprains 1st Degree sprain
Ligament is stretched or slightly torn 2nd Degree sprain
Ligament is torn but not ruptured 3rd Degree sprain
Ligament is completely ruptured
Meniscus, cartilage and spacing
Anatomy of an Inversion Ankle Sprain
3 Arches of the Foot
How do our Arches create problems for us?
The arches of the foot are the most overlooked structure in athletes.
They are designed to absorb and distribute body mass and to improve movement by increasing speed and agility
The Medial Longitudinal and the Transverse arches act as shock absorbers Poor arches can lead to shin splints, knee,
hip and back problems