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SPM Model Question: Paper 3

Question 1

Form 5 Chapter 1: Waves [Relationship between the depth of water and wave length] Water is dripped at a constant rate into two different containers as shown in Diagram 4. The cross-section of the water waves formed from the droplets in the containers are shown in diagrams below. Air dititiskan pada kadar yang seragam ke dalam dua bekas berbeza seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4. Keratan rentas gelombang air yang terbentuk dari titisan air di dalam bekas tersebut ditunjukkan dalam rajah.

Based on the information and observation above: Berdasarkan kepada maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas: 1) State one suitable inference.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 mark]

2) State one suitable hypothesis. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

[1 mark] 3) With the use of apparatus such as a ripple tank, a vibrator motor and other apparatus, describe an

experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (2). Dengan mengunakan alat radas seperti sebuah tangki riak, sebuah motor penggetar dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan di (2). In your description, state clearly the following: Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara-perkara berikut: a) The aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen.

b) The variables in the experiment. Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen.

c) The list of apparatus and materials. Senarai radas dan bahan.

d) The arrangement of the apparatus. Susunan radas.

e) The procedures of the experiment including the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable. Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

f) The way to tabulate the data. Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

g) The way to analyse the data. Cara untuk menganalisis data.

[10 marks]

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Suggested Answer:

1 Inference: The wave length is influenced by the depth of water.

2 Hypothesis: The wave length increases when the depth of water increases.

3a Aim of experiment: To study the relationship between the depth of water and the wave length.

b Manipulated variable: The depth of water Responding variable: The wave length Fixed variable: The frequency of waves

c Ripple tank, stroboscope, metre rule, perspex plate and vibrator motor Note: A complete apparatus and materials means with the apparatus and materials, a set of data (manipulated and responding variables) can be obtained from the experiment.

d Arrangement of the apparatus:

e Method of controlling the manipulated variable:

i) The apparatus is set up as shown in figure. ii) Arrange a ripple tank and place a piece of perspex with h = 1.0 cm placed in the centre of the tank. Method of measuring the responding variable: iii) The waves are freezed by a mechanical stroboscope and the wave length is measured by using a metre rule and recorded. iv) The experiment is repeated with h = 2.0 cm, 3.0 cm, 4.0 cm, 5.0 cm

f Tabulating of data:

Depth Wave Length

g Analysing data:

Question 2 Form 5 Chapter 2: Electricity [Relationship between electromotive force and internal resistance of dry cell] A student carries out an experiment to determine the electromotive force, E and the internal resistance, r of a dry cell. The student uses four resistors with different values of resistance, R but the same number of dry cells and electromotive force, E of the cell. Seorang murid sedang menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan daya gerak elektrik, E dan rintangan dalam, r sebuah sel kering. Murid itu telah menggunakan empat perintang dengan nilai rintangan, R yang berbeza tetapi bilangan sel kering dan daya gerak elektrik, E sel yang sama. 1) Based on the graph provided,

Berdasarkan graf yang diberikan,

a) state the relationship between I

1 and R

nyatakan hubungan antara I

1 dengan R [1 mark]

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b) determine the value of I

1, when the 0R . Show on the graph, how you determine

I

1.

tentukan nilai I

1, apabila 0R . Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan

I

1.

[2 marks]

2) The value of I

1, when the 0R is given by formula r

I4.0

1 , where r is the internal

resistance of the cell. Calculate r.

Nilai I

1, apabila 0R diberi oleh formula r

I4.0

1 , di mana r ialah rintangan dalam sel.

Hitung r. [2 marks]

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3) The electromotive force, E of the cell is given by the formula, m = E

1, where m, is the gradient of

the graph.

Daya gerak elektrik, E diberi oleh formula, m = E

1 , di mana m, ialah kecerunan graf.

a) Calculate the gradient, m of the graph. Show on the graph how you calculate m. Hitung kecerunan, m bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menghitung m.

[3 marks] b) By using your answer in 3(a), determine the value of emf, E.

Dengan mengunakan jawapan di 3(a), tentukan nilai dge, E. [2 marks]

4) State two precautions to be taken in this experiment. Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil dalam eksperimen ini.

[2 marks] Suggested Answer:

1 a

R increases linearly with I

1.

b 0.2A 1 . Show an extrapolation line on graph.

2

I

1 = 0.4r

0.2 = 0.4r r = 0.5

3 a

Show a big on the graph to determine the gradient (5×5 blocks).

The correct 12

12

xx

yy

from the drawn.

m = 0.4A 1 1 (Answer with unit)

b Gradient, m =

E

1

0.4 = E

1

E = 2.5V

4 i) The connection of the wires must be tight. ii) The circuit is switched off whenever the readings were not taken from the metres. This is to reduce energy loss from the cell. iii) The eye is perpendicular to the scale of ammeter // Pointer’s image is not seen on the mirror strip of ammeter.

Question 3 Form 5 Chapter 2: Electricity [Relationship between electromotive force and internal resistance]

A graph of R against I

1 in Diagram 2 provided, shows the results of the experiment to determine the

electromotive force, E and the internal resistance, r of a battery.

Graf R melawan I

1 dalam Rajah 2 disediakan, menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk

menentukan daya gerak elektrik, E dan rintangan dalam, r bagi suatu bateri. 1) Based on the graph in Diagram 2:

Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 2:

a) What happens when R increases? Apakah yang berlaku jika R meningkat?

[1 mark]

b) Determine the value of the internal resistance, r when the value 10.01 AI

Tentukan nilai rintangan dalam, r apabila nilai 10.01 AI

[1 mark]

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2) Determine the gradient of the graph. Tentukan kecerunan graf.

[3 marks] 3) The equation to determine the electromotive force, E of the battery is given by the following

equation: Persamaan untuk menentukan nilai daya gerak elektrik, E bagi suatu bateri diberikan oleh persamaan berikut:

E = IR + Ir

Based on your answer in 2, determine the electromotive force, E of the battery. Berdasarkan pada jawapan anda di 2, tentukan daya gerak elektrik, E bagi bateri itu.

[3 marks]

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Suggested Answer:

1 a b

I

1 increases // I decreases

1.0

2 Show a big on the graph to determine (5×4 blocks).

The correct 12

12

xx

yy

from the drawn.

m = 5.14A (Answer with unit)

3 R = E r

I

1

E = Gradient of the graph = 5.14V // 5.14A

Question 4 Form 5 Chapter 3: Electromagnetism [Relationship between number of turns of wire in secondary coil and output voltage] The diagram shows a step down transformer. A primary coil is connected to the input supply 240V a.u. Diagram 4.1(a) and Diagram 4.1(b) shows a bulb that is connected to a secondary coil. It is observed that the brightness of the bulb in Diagram 4.1(b) is brighter than in Diagram 4.1(a). Rajah menunjukkan sebuah transformer injak turun. Gegelung primer disambungkan kepada bekalan kuasa 240V a.u. Rajah 4.1(a) dan Rajah 4.1(b) menunjukkan mentol disambungkan kepada gegelung sekunder. Pemerhatian mendapati bahawa kecerahan mentol dalam Rajah 4.1(b) adalah lebih terang berbanding dengan Rajah 4.1(a).

Based on the information and the observation above: Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas: 1) State one suitable inference.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 mark]

2) State one suitable hypothesis. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

[1 mark] 3) With the use of apparatus such as coil, voltmeter, two pieces of soft iron core and other suitable

apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (2). In your description, state clearly the following: Dengan menggunakan radas seperti wayar gelung, voltmeter, 2 batang teras besi lembut dan lain-lain radas yang sesuai, terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan di (2). Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas yang berikut:

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a) Aim of the experiment. Tujuan eksperimen.

b) Variables in the experiment.

Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen.

c) List of apparatus and materials. Senarai radas dan bahan.

d) Arrangement of the apparatus. Susunan radas.

e) The procedure of the experiment which includes the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable. Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

f) The way to tabulate the data. Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

g) The way to analyse the data. Cara untuk menganalisis data.

[10 mark] Suggested Answer:

1 Inference: The number of turns of wire in the secondary coil affects the output voltage.

2 Hypothesis: The greater the number of turns of wire in the secondary coil, the greater the output voltage.

3 a

Aim of the experiment: To investigate the relationship between number of turns of wire in the secondary coil and the output voltage.

b Manipulated variable: Number of turns of wire in secondary coil, N Responding variable: Output voltage, V Constant variable: The number of turns of wire in the primary coil

c List of apparatus and materials: Thermometer, capillary tube, concentrated sulphuric acid, half metre rule, beaker, water, stirrer, Bunsen burner, tripod stand.

d Arrangement of apparatus:

e Method of controlling the manipulated variable: i) The set up of the apparatus is as shown in figure above. ii) 100 turns of wire is wound on the secondary coil of a transformer. Method of measuring the responding variable: iii) The switch is on and the output voltage is measured by using a voltmeter. iv) Repeat the experiment at least 4 times. v) The experiment is repeated by winding the wire on secondary coil with 200 turns, 300 turns, 400 turns and 500 turns.

f Tabulation of data:

Number of turns of wire in secondary coil, N Output voltage, V/N

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g Analysing the data:

Question 5 Form 5 Chapter 3: Electromagnetism [Relationship between current / voltage and distance travelled] Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show a driller. In Diagram 4.1, the 4.5 V batteries are used and the drill bit penetrated more into the wall. In Diagram 4.2, the 3.0 V batteries are used and the drill bit penetrated less into the wall. Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu gerudi. Dalam Rajah 4.1, bateri 4.5 V digunakan dan mata gerudi lebih menembusi ke dalam dinding. Dalam Rajah 4.2, bateri 3.0 V digunakan dan mata gerudi kurang menembusi ke dalam dinding.

Based on the information and observation: Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian tersebut: 1) State one suitable inference.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 mark]

2) State one suitable hypothesis. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

[1 mark] 3) With the use of apparatus such as a d.c. power supply, magnets, C-shaped iron yoke, bare

copper wire, connecting wires and other apparatus, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (2). In your description, state clearly the following: Dengan menggunakan alat radas seperti bekalan kuasa a.t., magnet, dening besi berbentuk-C, dawai kuprum tak berpenebat, wayar penyambung dan radas-radas lain, terangkan satu ekperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di (2). Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:

a) The aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen.

b) The variables in the experiment. Pemboleh ubah dalam ekperimen.

c) The list of apparatus and materials. Senarai radas dan bahan.

d) The arrangement of the apparatus. Susunan radas.

e) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable. Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

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f) The way to tabulate the data. Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

g) The way to analyse the data. Cara menganalisis data.

[10 marks] Suggested Answer:

1 Inference: Penetration distance depends on potential difference, p.d. // Force depends on potential difference, p.d. / current.

2 Hypothesis: As the p.d. / current increases, the penetration distance / force increases.

3 a

Aim of experiment: To investigate the relationship between the current / voltage and the distance travelled.

b Manipulated variable: Electric current / voltage Responding variable: Distance travelled Constant variable: Strength of the magnet // Number of magnets

c Apparatus and materials: Magnadur magnets, U-shaped iron yoke, copper rod, d.c. power supply, ammeter, metre ruler, bare copper wire, rheostat.

d Arrangement of the apparatus:

e Method of controlling the manipulated variable: i) The magnet is set as shown in diagram. ii) The d.c. power supply is switched on. The rheostat is adjusted until the reading of ammeter is / I = 0.5 A. Method of measuring the responding variable: iii) The distance of copper rod moves on the bare copper wire from the initial position to final position, d is measured using a metre ruler. iv) Repeat the experiment at least 4 times with different values. v) The experiment is repeated with I = 1.0 A, 1.5 A, 2.0 A, and 2.5 A.

f Tabulating the data:

Current, I (A) Distance travelled, d (cm)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

g Analysing data: Plot a graph of d against I

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Question 6 Form 5 Chapter 3: Electromagnetism [Relationship between induced current and speed of motion of a magnet] Diagram 4.1 shows a gentle wind blowing the blades of a dynamo. Diagram 4.2 shows a strong wind blowing the same dynamo blades. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan angin perlahan meniup bilah kipas sebuah dinamo. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan angin kuat meniup bilah kipas dinamo yang sama.

Observe the brightness of the bulbs in both Diagram 4.1 and 4.2. Based on the observation: Perhatikan kecerahan mentol dalam kedua-dua Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2. Berdasarkan pemerhatian tersebut: 1) State one suitable inference.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 mark]

2) State one suitable hypothesis. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

[1 mark] 3) With the use of apparatus such as magnet bar, solenoid and other suitable apparatus, describe

one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (2). In your description, state clearly the following: Dengan menggunakan radas seperti magnet bar, solenoid dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di (2). Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut: a) The aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen. b) The variables in the experiment.

Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen. c) The list of apparatus and materials.

Senarai radas dan bahan.

d) The arrangement of the apparatus. Susunan radas.

e) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated

variable and one method of measuring the responding variable. Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

f) The way to tabulate the data.

Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

g) The way to analyse the data. Cara menganalisis data.

[10 marks] Suggested Answer:

1 Inference: The induced current is depends on the speed of motion of magnet.

2 Hypothesis: When the speed of motion of magnet is higher, the induced current is larger.

3a Aim of experiment: To investigate the relationship between induced current and speed of motion of a magnet.

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b Manipulated variables: Height, h (cm) (represent the speed of magnet) Responding variables: Induced current, I (A) Constant variables: Strength of magnet // Number of turns of coils

c List of apparatus: Bar / permanent magnet, a coil of a copper wire, insulated copper wire, cardboard, metre rule and galvanometer.

d

Arrangement of apparatus:

e

Procedures: i) Set up apparatus as the diagram shown above. ii) Wound a coil of a copper wire of 100 turns around a cardboard tube. iii) Release a bar magnet at a height of 10 cm. iv) Measure and record the induced current produced. v) Repeat the experiment with 4 different heights of bar magnet that is 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm. vi) Plot a graph of induced current against height.

f

Tabulation of data:

Height of the magnet, h Induced current, I

1I 2I avgI

10

20

30

40

50

g

Analysing data:

Question 7 Form 5 Chapter 4: Electronics [Relationship between base current and collector current]

A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the base current, I B and

the collector current, CI of a transistor. Diagram 2.1 shows the electric circuit used in the experiment.

The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of CI against I B in Diagram 2.2.

Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara arus tapak, I B dan

arus pengumpul, CI bagi satu transistor. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan litar elektrik yang digunakan dalam

eksperimen tersebut. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan dalam graf CI melawan I B pada Rajah

2.2.

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1) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.2: Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2.2:

a) State the relationship between CI and I B .

Nyatakan hubungan antara CI dan I B .

[1 mark]

b) Determine the value of CI when I B 61035 A. Show on the graph how you get the answer.

Tentukan nilai CI apabila I B 61035 A. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda mendapat

jawapan.

CI = ______________

[3 marks]

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c) Calculate the gradient, m of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine m. Hitung kecerunan, m bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan m.

m = _______________ [3 marks]

2) By using the answer in 1(c) and formula EI = (m + 1) I B , calculate the value of EI when I B

61025 A.

Dengan menggunakan jawapan di 1(c) dan formula EI = (m + 1) I B , hitung nilai EI apabila

I B 61025 A.

[2 marks] 3) The common base current gain, is given by the formula:

Gandaan arus tapak sepunya, diberi oleh formula:

E

B

I

Im

By using the answers in (1) and (2), calculate the value of when I B61025 A.

Dengan menggunakan jawapan dalam (1) dan (2), kirakan nilai apabila I B 61025 A.

[2 marks] 4) State one precaution step that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang patut diambil bagi menghasilkan keputusan eksperimen yang lebih baik.

[1 mark] Suggested Answer:

1a I B is directly proportional to CI .

b

Correct answer and unit: CI 31025 A

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c Draw a triangle on the graph (minimum size: 8 cm 8 cm).

)105.4()1025(

)105.0()103(66

33

m

= 122 (Accept m = 116 – 128)

2 BE ImI 1

mAmAA 08.3//075.3//10075.3

10251122

3

6

3

E

B

I

Im

9909.0//9919.0

1008.3

1025122//

10075.3

10251223

6

3

6

4 i) Avoid parallax error by placing the eyes to be perpendicular to the scale. ii) Open the circuit when not taking reading to prevent over heating.

Question 8 Form 5 Chapter 5: Radioactivity [Radioactive decay] A student carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the radioactivity, N

of a radioactive substance and the time, T. The student also determined the half-life, 2/1T of the

substance. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph in Diagram 1. Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara keradioaktifan, N suatu bahan radioaktif dan masa, T. Pelajar itu juga menentukan setengah

hayat 2/1T bahan itu. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan pada graf dalam Rajah 1.

1) Based on the graph in Diagram 1:

Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 1: a) What happened to N when T increased?

Apakah yang berlaku pada N apabila T meningkat? [1 mark]

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b) Determine the value of N when T = 15 days. Show on the graph how you determine the value of N. Tentukan nilai N apabila T = 15 hari. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai N.

[3 marks] c) Determine the half-life of the radioactive substance. Show on the graph how you

determine the value of 2/1T

Tentukan setengah hayat bahan radioaktif tersebut. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana

anda menentukan nilai 2/1T

[3 marks] d) Predict the value of the count rate at time T = 35 days.

Ramalkan nilai kadar bilangan pada masa T = 35 hari [2 marks]

2) A radioactive source gives a reading of 520 counts per minute when measured using a G-M tube. Twenty-four hours later, the reading drops to 32.5 counts per minute. Calculate the half-life of this source. Suatu sumber radioaktif memberi bacaan 520 bilangan per minit apabila diukur menggunakan tiub G-M. Selepas dua puluh empat jam, bacaan berkurang ke 32.5 bilangan per minit. Hitung setengah hayat sumber ini.

[3 marks] 3) How long would it take for the radioactive substance in (2) to decay to 12.5% of its initial

activity? Berapa lamakah masa yang diperlukan oleh bahan radioaktif di (2) untuk mereput ke 12.5% daripada nilai aktiviti asalnya?

[2 marks] 4) State two precautions that can be taken so that the radioactive sources can be used safely.

Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang boleh diambil supaya sumber radioaktif boleh digunakan secara selamat.

[2 marks] Suggested Answer:

1a N decreases.

b N = 44 counts per minute

c

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d

Count rate at T = 35 days is 6.25 counts per minute.

2

3

4 i) Use forceps to avoid contamination of the hands through contact with the source.

ii) Direct the open end of the source away from people to avoid direct exposure of radiation.

Question 9 Form 5 Chapter 5: Radioactivity [Uses of radioisotopes] A paper factory uses a radioactive substance to monitor the thickness of the paper produced. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus used by the factory. Sebuah kilang kertas menggunakan bahan radioaktif untuk mengesan ketebalan kertas yang dihasilkan. Rajah 2 menunjukkan radas yang digunakan oleh kilang tersebut.

Based on your observation on the thickness of the paper and the counter reading: Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda pada ketebalan kertas dan bacaan pembilang: 1) State one suitable inference.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 mark]

2) State one suitable hypothesis for an investigation. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai dikaji.

[1 mark] 3) With the use of apparatus such as as radioactive source, G-M tube and other apparatus, describe

one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (2). In your description, state clearly the following: Dengan menggunakan radas seperti sumber radioaktif, tiub G-M dan radas yang lain, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di (2). Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:

a) The aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen.

b) The variables in the experiment. Pemboleh ubah dalam ekperimen.

c) The list of apparatus and materials.

Senarai radas dan bahan.

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d) The arrangement of the apparatus. Susunan radas.

e) The procedure of the experiment which includes one method of controlling the manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable. Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

f) The way to tabulate the data.

Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

g) The way to analyse the data. Cara menganalisis data.

[10 marks] Suggested Answer:

1 Inference: The counter reading is affected by the thickness of the paper.

2 Hypothesis: The thicker the paper, the lower the radiation detected by the detector.

3a Aim of experiment: To investigate the relationship between the thickness of the paper and the amount of radiation detected.

b Manipulated variable: Thickness of the paper Responding variable: The amount of radiation (counter reading) Constant variable: The distance between the source and the detector

c List of apparatus: Radioactive source ( -particles), G-M tube, counter, five pieces of paper with different

thickness, forceps, retort stand, connecting wires.

d

e i) Arrange the apparatus as shown in the above diagram.

ii) Place the paper with thickness of 2 mm (thinnest) between the source and the detector (G- M tube). iii) Record the reading of the counter. iv) Repeat steps 1-3 using the papers of thickness 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm.

f Tabulation of data:

Thickness of paper (mm) Reading of counter (counts per minute)

2

4

6

8

10

g Analysis of data:

A graph of counter reading against the thickness of paper is drawn. From the graph, we can conclude that the amount of radiation detected decreases when the thickness of paper increases.