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TRANSCRIPT
Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Two Sides
Section 2: Early Stages of the War
Section 3: Life During the War
Section 4: The Strain of War
Section 5: The War’s Final Stages
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro
The Two Sides
Essential Question What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?
Chapter Intro
Early Stages of the War
Essential Question Why did neither the Union nor the Confederacy gain a strong advantage during the early years of the war?
Chapter Intro
Life During the War
Essential Question What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the war?
Chapter Intro
The Strain of War
Essential Question How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?
Chapter Intro
The War’s Final Stages
Essential Question What events led to the end of the war?
Chapter Time Line
Section 1-Essential Question
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• border state
• blockade
• export
Academic Vocabulary
• contrast
• challenge
Reading Guide
Section 1-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Abraham Lincoln
• Anaconda Plan
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1-Polling Question
What do you think might have been the greatest advantage for the Confederates during the Civil War?
A. They were fighting on their own land.
B. They had excellent military leaders.
C. They had a stronger fighting spirit.
D. The South had a large coastline that would taketime to capture.
A B C D
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Section 1
Goals and Strategies
The North and the South had many different strengths, strategies, and purposes in the Civil War.
Section 1
• The border states were vital to the war effort because of their strategic location.
• President Abraham Lincoln worked tirelessly to keep Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri in the Union and was ultimately successful.
• The Confederacy needed only to fight hard enough and long enough to convince the Northerners that the war was not worth the cost.
Goals and Strategies (cont.)
The Fighting Forces
Section 1
• In contrast, the North had to invade the South and force the breakaway states to give up their quest for sovereignty.
• The North planned to blockade Southern ports in order to:
Goals and Strategies (cont.)
– Prevent supplies from reaching the Confederacy.
– Keep the South from exporting its cotton crop.
Resources in the North and South
Section 1
• The other parts of Union General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan were to gain control of the Mississippi River and to capture Richmond, Virginia.
Goals and Strategies (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
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Why did the South develop a defensive strategy for the Civil War?
A. They counted on support from Britain and France.
B. They had much less land than the North.
C. They believed the North would tire of the war.
D. They wanted to hold off violence as long aspossible.
Section 1
Americans Against Americans
Soldiers in the Civil war came from every region, and each side expected an early victory.
Section 1
• The Civil War pitted brother against brother and neighbor against neighbor.
• African Americans were not allowed to fight until later in the war.
• Most soldiers came from farms and many were under the age of 18.
Americans Against Americans (cont.)
Economics & History
Section 1
• Soldiers suffered hardships and faced many challenges: boredom, discomfort, sickness, fear, and horror.
• About one of every 11 Union soldiers and one of every 8 Confederates deserted.
Americans Against Americans (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
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Why were African Americans not allowed to fight in the Union Army in the war’s early years?
A. Because of laws forbidding African Americans to be armed
B. Because of fear that they would not be accepted by white troops.
C. Because of fear of a rebellion
D. Because of a belief that they were not effective warriors
Section 2-Essential Question
Why did neither the Union nor the Confederacy gain a strong advantage during the early years of the war?
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• tributary
• ironclad
• casualty
Academic Vocabulary
• abandon
• impact
Reading Guide
Section 2-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Stonewall Jackson
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Battle of Shiloh
• Robert E. Lee
• Battle of Antietam
• Frederick Douglass
• Emancipation Proclamation
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2-Polling Question
What do you think is the most important element for the North or South to gain advantage in the early years of the war?
A. a large army
B. strong leaders
C. quick, decisive victories
D. adequate funding and financial support A B C D
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Section 2
War on Land and Sea
The Confederates decisively won the First Battle of Bull Run.
Section 2
• The Confederates converted an abandoned Union ship into an armored vessel which they hoped would break through the blockades on Southern ports.
– In the Battle of Bull Run, Confederate General Thomas Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall” Jackson.
War on Land and Sea (cont.)
Naval Warfare
Section 2
• The Confederates shocked the Northerners by breaking the inexperienced Union lines and forcing them to retreat.
• Abraham Lincoln appointed George B. McClellan to lead the Union army of the East.
• General Ulysses S. Grant was sent to the West to control the Mississippi River and itstributaries.
War on Land and Sea (cont.)
War in the West, 1862–1863
Section 2
• On the seas, the North and South used ironclad warships against each other.
• In Mississippi, Union forces won a narrow victory at the Battle of Shiloh, but the bloody battle lasted two days and resulted in an enormous number of casualties.
• On April 25, 1862, Northern naval commander David Farragut captured New Orleans.
War on Land and Sea (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
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What was Lincoln’s goal in appointing George B. McClellan?
A. To have a brilliant mastermind plan battles.
B. To sail the ironclad ships against the Confederate navy.
C. To secure the Mississippi and its tributaries.
D. To better train the young and inexperiencedUnion troops.
Section 2
War in the East
The South won several important victories in the East during 1862, but the Union responded with a vital triumph of its own.
Section 2
• Confederate armies prevented the fall of Richmond until the end of the Civil War.
• General Robert E. Lee was able to prevent Union forces from taking Confederate land, but he was unsuccessful in trying to invade the North.
War in the East (cont.)
– Lee’s army defeated a Union army twice its size at Chancellorsville, Virginia, in May, 1863.
War in the East, 1862–1863
Section 2
– At the Battle of Antietam in Sharpsburg, Maryland, the Union was able to prevent Lee from moving the war into the North.
War in the East (cont.)
War in the East, 1862–1863
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
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Which battle resulted in the most casualties?
A. The Battle of Antietam
B. The Battle of Chancellorsville
C. The Battle New Orleans
D. The Battle of Gettysburg
Section 2
The Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation had an enormous effect in America and abroad.
Section 2
• At the urging of abolitionists Frederick Douglass and Horace Greeley, Lincoln decided that the focus of the Civil War should shift from the preservation of the Union to the end of slavery.
• On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all enslaved people in rebel territory.
The Emancipation Proclamation (cont.)
Section 2
• While it did not actually free anyone, the proclamation had the important impact of officially stating the government’s position on slavery.
The Emancipation Proclamation (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
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Why would Britain or France side with the Confederacy if Lincoln did not make slavery an issue in the Civil War?
A. Britain hoped to reclaim the United States, and saw a divided country as easier to attack.
B. France disliked Lincoln because of his foreign policies.
C. Many British and French immigrants lived in the South.
D. Both countries depended on cotton from the South,even though they were strongly antislavery.
Section 3-Essential Question
What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the war?
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• habeas corpus
• draft
• bounty
• greenback
• inflation
Academic Vocabulary
• distribute
• substitute
Reading Guide
Section 3-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Mary Edwards Walker
• Dorothea Dix
• Clara Barton
• Sally Tompkins
• bread riots
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3-Polling Question
What change in daily life do you think would be most significantly during wartime?
A. Women would enter the workforce in ways they had not done before.
B. Education and school would be suspended for many children.
C. People would have to give up some luxuries and even necessities.
D. Travel would be limited and dangerous.
A B C D
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Section 3
A Different Way of Life
The Civil War affected civilians as well as soldiers.
Section 3
• Since much of the War was fought in the South, the war had a greater impact on the everyday life of Southerners.
• Schools sometimes closed, and churches and schools were used as hospitals.
• Southerners who lived in the paths of marching armies lost crops and homes.
A Different Way of Life (cont.)
Section 3
• Shortages of food, supplies, and household items became commonplace in the South.
A Different Way of Life (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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Which of these is not a way in which the South was affected by War?
A. The destruction of farms and crops
B. Shortages of food and supplies
C. A great number of refugees
D. An increase in the number of schools
Section 3
New Roles for Women
Many Northern and Southern women took on new responsibilities during the war.
Section 3
• Because so many men were away fighting the war, women took on new tasks such as keeping farms, factories, and offices running.
• Many women entered the medical profession to help heal the wounded.
New Roles for Women (cont.)
– Mary Edwards Walker became the first woman army surgeon.
Section 3
– Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix, and Sally Tompkins all helped establish women in the medical field during the Civil War.
• Some women worked as spies or disguised themselves as men and became soldiers.
New Roles for Women (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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Which of these women was both a spy and disguised herself as a soldier to fight alongside the men?
A. Mary Edwards Walker
B. Sally Tompkins
C. Loretta Janeta Velázquez
D. Clara Barton
Section 3
Prison Camps and Field Hospitals
When Americans went to war, most were not prepared for the horrors of battle.
Section 3
• Prison camps were set up on both sides of the war to prevent captured soldiers from returning to battle.
• Conditions at these camps were harsh, and volunteers distributed the little available bread and soup.
Prison Camps and Field Hospitals (cont.)
Section 3
• In the field of battle, surgeons worked amidst gunfire to save the wounded.
• Conditions everywhere were unsanitary, and some regiments lost half of their men to illness before a battle even began.
Prison Camps and Field Hospitals (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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Why did the North and South stop exchanging prisoners?
A. Soldiers returned and gave away the secrets of the other side.
B. The men simply returned to the army to fight again.
C. There were few prisoners since most were killed in battle.
D. Prisoners were used as slaves.
Section 3
Political and Economic Change
The Civil War led to political change and strained the economies of the North and the South.
Section 3
• Shortages of food resulted in bread riots throughout the South.
• Copperheads in the North called for reuniting the states through negotiation instead of war.
• As a way of dealing with war opponents, both Lincoln and Jefferson Davis suspended habeas corpus.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
Section 3
• A Confederate draft law required able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the army for 3 years; however, one could hire a substitute to fight for him.
• The North offered a bounty to encourage volunteers and eventually passed a draft law.
• Rioting broke out by those who felt the draft favored the rich.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
Section 3
• Though both sides were hit hard economically, the North was better able to deal with the enormous costs of the war because of its greater resources.
– The North printed money called greenbacks because of its color.
– Northern industry produced guns, ammunition, shoes, and uniforms.
– Inflation occurred because goods were in high demand.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
Section 3
– The blockade and the destruction of farmland strained the economy of the South.
Political and Economic Change (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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Who were the Copperheads?
A. Democrats who supported the war
B. Democrats who were opposed to the war
C. Enslaved persons who fought for the North
D. A special division of the Confederatearmy
Section 4-Essential Question
How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?
Section 4-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• entrench
• siege
Academic Vocabulary
• nevertheless
• encounter
Reading Guide
Section 4-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• 54th Massachusetts
• Pickett’s Charge
• Gettysburg Address
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4-Polling Question
Which do you feel is the most important quality in a good leader?
A. Enthusiasm
B. Confidence
C. Courage
D. Decisiveness
A B C D
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Section 4
Southern Victories
In the winter of 1862 and the spring of 1863, the South seemed to be winning the Civil War.
Section 4
• Robert E. Lee was responsible for many of the most important Confederate victories.
• At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Lee’s entrenched forces drove back Union commander General Ambrose Burnside’s troops.
Southern Victories (cont.)
Section 4
• Lee and Stonewall Jackson led the Confederates to another victory in Chancellorsville; however, Jackson was wounded in the arm and died a week later.
• President Lincoln continued to appoint new generals in the hope that one of them could stand up to Confederate forces.
Southern Victories (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B
C
D
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What prompted Lincoln to say “If McClellan doesn’t want to use the army, I’d like to borrow it for a while”?
A. McClellan’s laziness
B. McClellan’s poor battle strategies
C. McClellan’s inexperience in leading an army
D. McClellan’s reluctance to engage the enemyin battle
Section 4
African Americans in the War
African Americans showed courage and skill as soldiers in the Union army.
Section 4
• In the South, African Americans were banned from fighting for fear that they would attack fellow troops or revolt.
• The North eventually allowed African Americans to enlist in all-black regiments.
African Americans in the War (cont.)
African American Soldiers
Section 4
• The best-known African American regiment was the 54th Massachusetts, which took part in an assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina.
• The regiment took severe casualties in the battle; nevertheless, the soldiers bravely fought on.
African Americans in the War (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B
C
D
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What was Lincoln’s biggest concern in allowing African Americans to enlist?
A. They would stage a revolt.
B. They would desert and join the Confederate army.
C. He would lose the support of the border states.
D. They would not be as effective as white soldiers.
Section 4
The Tide of War Turns
The Battle of Gettysburg marked a turn in the war as the Union forces defeated the Confederates.
Section 4
• In spring of 1863, the South appeared to have the upper hand in the war and hoped that France and Britain would support their cause.
• The four-day Battle of Gettysburg took place because the two sides encountered each other while stocking up on supplies in a small town that was not a strategic location.
The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
The Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3
Section 4
• Pickett’s Charge aimed to create a panic amongst Union troops and break through their lines, but three-quarters of the Confederates who started the attack were killed or wounded.
• Gettysburg put an end to the Confederate hope of gaining foreign aid from Britain and France.
The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
The Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3
Section 4
• On July 4, 1863, Ulysses S. Grant conquered the river city of Vicksburg—one of the last Confederate holdouts along the Mississippi River—after a 47-day siege.
• President Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of Soldier’s National Cemetery in Gettysburg.
The Tide of War Turns (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B
C
D
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By gaining control of the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers, what was the Union able to do?
A. Capture Fort Sumter
B. Force the Confederacy to surrender
C. Split the Confederacy
D. Defeat the Confederate forces at Gettysburg
Section 5-Essential Question
What events led to the end of the war?
Section 5-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• total war
• resistance
Academic Vocabulary
• series
• interpret
Reading Guide
Section 5-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• David Farragut
• March to the Sea
• Appomattox Court House
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 5-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement: When fighting a war, an army should destroy only military, not civilian, targets.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D
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Section 5
Total War Strikes the South
After a long, bloody summer, Union forces captured major Southern strongholds, and as a result, Lincoln won reelection.
Section 5
• General William T. Sherman’s deliberate destruction of large parts of the South—known as total war—was a deliberate strategy to bring the horrors of war to the Southern people.
• In 1864, Lincoln put General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of all the Union armies.
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
Costs of the War
Section 5
• In May and June of 1864, Grant’s army battled Lee’s troops in a series of three bloody battles resulting in large casualties for both sides.
• Grant laid siege to Petersburg, Virginia, for nine months, cutting off Confederate troops and supplies.
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
Costs of the War
Section 5
• Union general William Tecumseh Sherman attacked Atlanta, Georgia, and faced major resistance from Confederate general John Hood.
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
– In September, Hood abandoned the city.
• David Farragut—the highest-ranking officer in the Union navy—blocked off Mobile Bay in Alabama, the last Southern port east of the Mississippi.
Section 5
• With these important Union victories, support for Abraham Lincoln won him reelection in 1864.
• Lincoln interpreted his reelection as a clear sign from the voters to end slavery permanently.
Total War Strikes the South (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 5
A B
C
D
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Which Amendment banned slavery in the United States?
A. The Thirteenth Amendment
B. The Fourteenth Amendment
C. The Fifteenth Amendment
D. The Sixteenth Amendment
Section 5
The War’s End
After four years of fighting against unfavorable odds, the South finally surrendered.
Section 5
• General Sherman’s troops burned Atlanta and began their trail of destruction known as Sherman’s March to the Sea.
• Once Grant defeated Lee at Petersburg, he marched on to Richmond and conquered the Confederate capital.
The War’s End (cont.)
The Final Battles, 1864–1865
Section 5
• The formal end to the war came on April 9, 1865, in the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
• Over 600,000 soldiers died in the Civil War, and the economic toll on the South was devastating.
• The North’s victory saved the Union and freed millions of African Americans.
The War’s End (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 5
A B
C
D
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What was the capital of the Confederacy?
A. Raleigh, North Carolina
B. Montgomery, Alabama
C. Atlanta, Georgia
D. Richmond, Virginia
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Vocab1
border state
state between the North and the South that was divided over whether to stay in the Union or join the Confederacy
Vocab2
blockade
cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country’s ports
Vocab3
export
to sell goods abroad
Vocab4
contrast
large degree of difference
Vocab5
challenge
demanding situation
Vocab6
tributary
a smaller river that flows into a larger river
Vocab7
ironclad
armored naval vessel
Vocab8
casualty
a military person killed, wounded, or captured
Vocab9
abandon
give up
Vocab10
impact
effect or influence
Vocab11
habeas corpus
a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
Vocab12
draft
the selection of persons for military service
Vocab13
bounty
money given as a reward, such as to encourage enlistment in the army
Vocab14
greenback
a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War
Vocab15
inflation
a continuous rise in the price of goods and services
Vocab16
distribute
give out
Vocab17
substitute
replacement
Vocab18
entrenched
occupying a strong defensive position
Vocab19
siege
military blockade
Vocab20
nevertheless
however
Vocab21
encounter
to come upon; meet
Vocab22
total war
war on all aspects of the enemy’s life
Vocab23
resistance
an opposing force
Vocab24
series
a number of events coming in order
Vocab25
interpret
to explain the meaning of
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