splash screen. chapter menu chapter introduction section 1:section 1:america enters a new century...
TRANSCRIPT
Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1:America Enters a New Century
Section 2:The War on Terrorism Begins
Section 3:The Invasion of Iraq
Section 4:A Time of Challenges
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro
How Does the Passage of Time Affect the Way Events Are Understood?
As the United States entered the twenty-first century, combating terrorism at home and abroad became a national priority. The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon resulted in wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The wars as well as new security policies led to great controversy in American politics.
• What previous events in American history have forced the nation to
dramatically change its policies and actions?
• How should the United States respond to terrorism to prevent it from happening again?
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Intro 1
America Enters a New Century
When an election’s results are uncertain or disputed, how do you think the problem should be resolved?
Chapter Intro 2
The War on Terrorism Begins
What challenges might governments face in fighting terrorism?
Chapter Intro 3
The Invasion of Iraq
How do you think the United States carries out its foreign policy?
Chapter Intro 4
A Time of Challenges
How might unexpected events affect a country’s politics and government?
Section 1-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Government and Society A very close presidential election saw a shift in power in the White House, as George W. Bush became the forty-third President of the United States.
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• chad
• strategic defense
Academic Vocabulary
• priority
• controversial
Section 1-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Al Gore
• George W. Bush
• Ralph Nader
A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think that standardized testing is a true measure of your knowledge?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
Section 1
The Election of 2000
In one of the closest presidential races in history, involving vote recounts and the Supreme Court, George W. Bush became president.
Section 1
• In the 2000 election, Republican George W. Bush ran against Democrat Al Gore.
• The campaign revolved around the question of what to do with surplus tax revenues.
• Ralph Nader entered the race as the nominee of the Green Party.
The Election of 2000 (cont.)
The Election of 2000
Section 1
• The 2000 election was one of the closest in American history.
• The election came down to the Florida vote—both men needed its 25 electoral votes to win.
• The results in Florida were so close that state law required a recount of the ballots.
The Election of 2000 (cont.)
The Election of 2000
Section 1
• The problem for vote counters was how to count a ballot if the chad was still partially attached.
The Election of 2000 (cont.)
• On November 26, Florida officials certified Bush the winner by 537 votes.
The Election of 2000
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
0% 0%0%0%
Nader was known for which of the following views?
A. Strong environmentalism
B. Cutting taxes
C. Raising taxes
D. Improving public education
Section 1
Bush Becomes President
George W. Bush supported the enactment of a tax cut, the No Child Left Behind program, and a strategic defense system.
Section 1
• Once in office, Bush made the following changes:
– Congress passed a large $1.35 trillion tax cut to be phased in over 10 years.
– He instituted the No Child Left Behind Act.
– He added prescription drug benefits to Medicare.
Bush Becomes President (cont.)
Section 1
– Due to a rash of corporate scandals, Congress passed the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act.
• Bush strongly favored strategic defense.
Bush Becomes President (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
0% 0%0%0%
Which reform in education did Congress refuse?
A. Paying for disadvantaged children to attend private schools
B. Giving federal funds to private schools
C. Giving more money to music and art programs in public schools
D. Paying teachers a higher salary
Section 2-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Government and Society Acts of terrorism against the United States prompted George W. Bush to declare “War on Terror.”
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• terrorism
• state-sponsored terrorism
• anthrax
Academic Vocabulary
• resolve
• interpretation
• obtain
Section 2-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Osama bin Laden
• al-Qaeda
A. A
B. B
Section 2-Polling Question
Do you feel that the United States is adequately guarded against another terrorist attack?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
Section 2
September 11, 2001
The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon shocked and alarmed Americans; almost immediately, combating terrorism became the nation’s top priority.
Section 2
• The attacks of 9/11 killed all 266 passengers and crewmembers on the four hijacked planes.
• Another 125 people died in the Pentagon.
• In New York City, nearly 3,000 people died.
September 11, 2001 (cont.)
Section 2
• On September 14, Bush declared a national emergency.
• Intelligence sources and the FBI quickly identified the attacks as the work of Osama bin Laden and his organization, al-Qaeda.
• The attacks were acts of terrorism.
September 11, 2001 (cont.)
Major Terrorist Attacks Involving Al-Qaeda, 1993–2006
Section 2
• The reasons that Middle Eastern terrorists have targeted Americans are as follows:
– For supporting the wealthy Middle Eastern kingdoms and families through the oil industry
– For spreading Western ideas and threatening traditional values
– For supporting Israel
September 11, 2001 (cont.)
Section 2
• Middle East nations realized they could fight Israel and the U.S. by providing terrorists with money, weapons, and training—called state-sponsored terrorism.
• Osama bin Laden founded al-Qaeda in 1988.
• In 1998 he called on Muslims to kill Americans.
September 11, 2001 (cont.)
Section 2
• Al-Qaeda made several terrorist attacks:
– They set off bombs at the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
– In 1999, terrorists were arrested while trying to smuggle explosives into the U.S. in an attempt to bomb Seattle.
– In October 2000, they crashed a boat loaded with explosives into the USS Cole.
September 11, 2001 (cont.)
Section 2
– On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda struck again.
September 11, 2001 (cont.)
A. A
B. B
Section 2
More Americans were killed in the attacks of September 11, 2001 than died at Pearl Harbor or on D-Day in World War II.
A. True
B. False
0%0%
Section 2
A New War Begins
The war on terrorism involved halting terrorists’ access to funding and launching a war in Afghanistan.
Section 2
• One effective way to fight terrorist groups is to cut off their funding.
• On September 24, President Bush issued an executive order freezing the financial assets of several individuals and groups suspected of terrorism.
• President Bush created a new federal agency—the Office of Homeland Security.
A New War Begins (cont.)
Section 2
• In October 2001, Bush signed the USA Patriot Act—an antiterrorist bill.
• In June 2002, Bush asked Congress to combine all of the agencies responsible for the public’s safety into a new department called the Department of Homeland Security.
A New War Begins (cont.)
Section 2
• Terrorists also used the mail to spread anthrax.
• The FBI began investigating the attack, but no suspects were arrested.
• On October 7, 2001, the U.S. began bombing al-Qaeda’s camps and the Taliban’s military forces in Afghanistan.
A New War Begins (cont.)
Section 2
• Bush claimed that the war on terrorism would continue until victory was achieved.
A New War Begins (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
0% 0%0%0%
The USA Patriot Act permits the following actions EXCEPT
A. Conducting secret searches to avoid tipping off suspects
B. Obtaining a nation wide search warrant usable in any jurisdiction
C. Forcing terrorist suspects to stand trial in the United States
D. Tracking Internet communications and seizing voice mail
Section 3-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Trade, War, and Migration In an effort to fight terrorism, the United States launched attacks in both Afghanistan and Iraq.
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
Academic Vocabulary
• inspector
• significantly
• eliminate
Section 3-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Northern Alliance
• Khalid Shaikh Mohammed
• “axis of evil”
• Saddam Hussein
A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Should United States military forces leave Iraq?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
Section 3
The War on Terror Continues
After forcing Taliban leaders in Afghanistan to flee, the United States and its allies sent more troops as peacekeepers and worked to create a stable and democratic government.
Section 3
• Less than a month after the September 11 attacks, the United States launched a war in Afghanistan with the goal of bringing down the Taliban regime that had sheltered Osama bin Laden and other members of al-Qaeda.
The War on Terror Continues (cont.)
The Global War on Terror, 2001–2007
Section 3
• While American warplanes bombed the Taliban’s forces, the United States began sending military aid to the Northern Alliance.
• In December 2001, the Taliban government collapsed, and surviving Taliban fled to the mountains of Afghanistan.
The War on Terror Continues (cont.)
Section 3
• In 2003 NATO took command of peacekeeping in Afghanistan.
• Despite many successes, Afghanistan continues to suffer from violence.
• Osama bin Laden remains at large in the mountainous region of Warizistan.
• Since 2001 the United States and its allies have continued their worldwide hunt for al-Qaeda members.
The War on Terror Continues (cont.)
Section 3
• In 2003 Pakistan and the U.S. captured Khalid Shaikh Mohammed—one of the highest-ranking members of al-Qaeda.
The War on Terror Continues (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
0% 0%0%0%
Who was elected president of Afghanistan in 2004?
A. Saddam Hussein
B. Hamid Karzai
C. Donald Rumsfeld
D. Colin Powell
Section 3
Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Concern that Iraq might be producing WMDs that could be given to terrorists led to an ultimatum.
Section 3
• After 9/11, President Bush and his advisers were deeply concerned that terrorist groups might acquire weapons of mass destruction.
• In his State of the Union speech in 2002, President Bush warned that an “axis of evil” made up of Iraq, Iran, and North Korea posed a grave threat to the world.
• Soon after the American election in 2002, the UN approved a new resolution.
Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction (cont.)
Section 3
• If Saddam Hussein wanted peace he would have to do the following:
– Give up Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction
– Readmit the UN weapons inspectors
– Stop supporting terrorism
– Stop oppressing his people
Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 3
Which “axis of evil” nation is believed to be the most immediate danger?
A. Iraq
B. Iran
C. North Korea
0% 0%0%
Section 3
Confronting Iraq
Coalition forces defeated the Iraqi military, but then factions in Iraq took up arms against coalition forces and each other.
Section 3
• By March 2003, the weapons inspectors still found nothing, and the U.S. began pressuring the UN to authorize the use of force against Iraq.
• As war became imminent, world opinion divided between those who supported the United States and those who did not.
Confronting Iraq (cont.)
Section 3
• On March 20, 2003, the U.S.-led coalition forces attacked Iraq.
• Saddam Hussein was captured in late 2003 and executed in 2006.
• The quick victory did not end the fighting.
Confronting Iraq (cont.)
Section 3
• Having gone to war in Iraq to overthrow a tyrant and eliminate the possibility of weapons of mass destruction being given to terrorists, the U.S. found itself trying to suppress an insurgency, prevent a civil war, and establish a new Iraqi government.
• If America pulled troops out too soon, Iraq might fall into civil war and provide a safe haven and breeding ground for terrorist groups.
Confronting Iraq (cont.)
Section 3
• The longer the U.S. stayed, the more its presence might stir resentment and support for the terrorist groups.
• The best solution seemed to be to get a functioning and democratic Iraqi government up and running as fast as possible and then train its forces to take over the security of the country.
Confronting Iraq (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Section 3
Which of the following countries supported Bush’s decision to go to war with Iraq?
A. France
B. Russia
C. Canada
D. Turkey
E. None of the above0% 0% 0%0%0%
Section 4-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Government and Society During President Bush’s second term, the Republicans faced scandal and a national disaster that led to the Democrats gaining control of Congress in 2007.
Section 4-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• “earmark”
Academic Vocabulary
• monitor
• procedure
Section 4-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Abu Ghraib
• Guantanamo Bay
• National Security Agency (NSA)
• John G. Roberts, Jr.
• Samuel Alito, Jr.
• Nancy Pelosi
A. A
B. B
Section 4-Polling Question
Should the Geneva Conventions apply to the prisoners held at Guantanamo Bay?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
Section 4
The Election of 2004
After a campaign that centered on the war in Iraq and the war on terror, Bush was reelected.
Section 4
• Bush’s approval rating began to fall due to many events:
– the long war in Iraq
– failure to capture Osama bin Laden
– failure of the inspectors to find any weapons in Iraq
– the scandal of Abu Ghraib
The Election of 2004 (cont.)
Section 4
• Bush narrowly beat John Kerry in the 2004 election.
The Election of 2004 (cont.)
The Election of 2004
A. A
B. B
Section 4
Which of the following candidates promised to raise taxes on the wealthy to fund wider health care coverage and strengthen Social Security?
A. Bush
B. Kerry
0%0%
Section 4
Security vs. Liberty
The Supreme Court rejected President Bush’s interpretation of the rights and legal status of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay.
Section 4
• In 2004 President Bush decided to hold captured members of al-Qaeda at the American military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
• The Supreme Court disagreed with the administration’s decisions about the prisoners.
Security vs. Liberty (cont.)
Section 4
• In negotiations with Congress, the president agreed that prisoners would have the right to see the evidence against them, and any evidence obtained by torture would be inadmissible.
• Bush also agreed to uphold the Geneva Conventions.
Security vs. Liberty (cont.)
Section 4
• As part of the war on terror, the National Security Agency (NSA) expanded its practice of monitoring overseas telephone calls.
• In August 2006, a federal judge declared the warrantless wiretapping to be unconstitutional.
Security vs. Liberty (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
0% 0%0%0%
Why did Bush’s administration decide that the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay did not have the right to appeal their detentions to an American court?
A. The prisoners were not U.S. citizens.
B. The prisoners were illegal enemy combatants.
C. The prisoners were not part of any nation’s armed forces.
D. All of the above
Section 4
A Stormy Second Term
Bush appointed two new Supreme Court justices; his second term was marred by a hurricane, the ongoing war, and scandals.
Section 4
• Although Bush’s plan to reform Social Security failed, he did convince Congress to enact a new prescription drug program for seniors.
• Early in Bush’s second term, two vacancies occurred on the U.S. Supreme Court, enabling him to move the Court in a more conservative direction.
• Bush nominated John G. Roberts, Jr. and Samuel Alito, Jr.
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
Section 4
• On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina smashed into the Gulf Coast of the United States, spreading devastation from Florida to Louisiana.
• After the hurricane passed, rising waters breached the levees that protected New Orleans.
• To the public, President Bush, the mayor of New Orleans, the governor of Louisiana, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) all responded inadequately.
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
Section 4
• Only the Coast Guard seemed able to act quickly.
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
Section 4
• Many voters quickly grew disenchanted with the Republican majority in Congress for four reasons:
– Federal spending rose rapidly
– The ongoing cost of the war in Iraq
– Both Republicans and Democrats added “earmarks” to spending bills.
– A series of scandals
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
Section 4
• The mounting violence in Iraq led a majority of Americans to conclude they no longer approved of the president’s handling of the war.
• When Republicans rejected a timetable and supported the president, they turned the congressional elections of 2006 into a referendum on the war.
• The Democrats won a majority in both the House and the Senate for the first time since 1992.
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
Section 4
• House Democrats then elected California Representative Nancy Pelosi to be the first female Speaker of the House of Representatives.
• The president announced a new plan to “surge” some 20,000 more troops to Iraq to restore order in Baghdad.
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
Section 4
• Led by Nancy Pelosi and John Murtha, House Democrats passed a resolution opposing the strategy and began searching for ways to force the president to set a deadline for pulling troops out of Iraq.
• By spring 2007, the ultimate outcome was still uncertain.
A Stormy Second Term (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
0% 0%0%0%
Whose name did President Bush withdraw from the Supreme Court nomination?
A. Harriet Miers
B. Condoleezza Rice
C. David Petraeus
D. Robert Gates
VS 1
Causes of the Attacks of 9/11
• The rise of the oil industry in the Middle East makes many elites wealthy but leaves many people poor and resentful.
• The oil trade with Europe and the United States brings Western ideas and culture into the Middle East; many feel their traditional Muslim values are being undermined and militant Muslim movements form.
VS 2
Causes of the Attacks of 9/11
• The founding of Israel in 1948 angers many Arabs, especially Palestinians. European and American support for Israel angers many in the Middle East.
• The Soviets invade Afghanistan in 1979; Muslims from across the Middle East, including Osama bin Laden, go to fight the Soviet troops.
• Osama bin Laden forms al-Qaeda to help drive the Soviets out of Afghanistan and all Westerners out ofthe Middle East.
VS 3
• Iraq invades Kuwait leading to the deployment of American troops in Saudi Arabia, angering Muslim militants, including Osama bin Laden.
• The Soviet pullout from Afghanistan leads to a militant group, the Taliban, taking power and offering aid and shelter to bin Laden.
• Al-Qaeda, based in Afghanistan, stages a series of attacks on Americans, culminating in the attack on September 11, 2001.
Causes of the Attacks of 9/11
VS 4
Effects of the Attacks of 9/11
• Initially, the 9/11 attack unifies Americans and leads to an outpouring of support to the people of New York.
• President Bush declares a global war on terror to put an end to terrorist groups that threaten Americans.
• The United States launches attacks on the Taliban and helps local forces overthrow their regime. NATO troops then enter Afghanistan to serve as peacekeepers.
VS 5
Effects of the Attacks of 9/11
• Congress passes the Patriot Act giving the FBI additional powers to help prevent another attack in the United States.
• Congress creates the Department of Homeland Security.
• The Bush administration decides that preventing terrorist groups from getting weapons of mass destruction is a high priority.
VS 6
Effects of the Attacks of 9/11
• The United States, backed by a coalition of allies, invades Iraq to destroy its weapons of mass destruction.
• The invasion of Iraq is controversial; many traditional allies do not support it, and it divides the American people.
• An insurgency begins in Iraq that keeps American troops fighting for several years.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3a
Figure 4
Chapter Trans Menu
Chapter Transparencies Menu
Why It Matters
Cause-and-Effect Transparency
Unit Time Line Transparency
Select a transparency to view.
Why It Matters Trans
C & E Trans
Unit Timelines Trans
DFS Trans 1
DFS Trans 2
DFS Trans 3
DFS Trans 4
Vocab1
chad
a small piece of cardboard produced by punching a data card
Vocab2
strategic defense
a plan to develop missiles and other devices that can shoot down nuclear missiles before they hit the United States
Vocab3
priority
highest or higher in importance
Vocab4
controversy
a prolonged public dispute
Vocab5
terrorism
the use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies
Vocab6
state-sponsored terrorism
violent acts against civilians that are secretly supported by a government in order to attack other nations without going to war
Vocab7
anthrax
a bacteria used to create biological weapons
Vocab8
resolve
to come to an agreement
Vocab9
interpretation
the act or process of explaining or telling the meaning of
Vocab10
obtain
to gain possession of
Vocab11
weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
weapons—including nuclear, chemical, and biological—that can kill large numbers of people all at once
Vocab12
inspector
a person appointed to examine foreign facilities, usually in search of weapons
Vocab13
significantly
to affect something enough to be of some importance
Vocab14
eliminate
to remove or get rid of
Vocab15
earmark
specifications added by both Republicans and Democrats for the expenditure of federal money for particular projects
Vocab16
monitor
to observe, oversee, or regulate
Vocab17
procedure
a particular way of conducting or engaging in an activity
Help
Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.
Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.
Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.
Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu, Chapter Introduction, or Visual Summary slides to access the transparencies that are relevant to this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily Focus Skills Transparency.
Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.
Click the History Online button to access online textbook features.
Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.
Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.
Click the Help button to access this screen.
Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens.
To use this Presentation Plus! product:
End of Custom Shows
This slide is intentionally blank.