spirochetes and misc bacteria
DESCRIPTION
Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria. Slackers Facts by Mike Ori. Disclaimer. The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Spirochetes and Misc Bacteria
Slackers Facts by Mike Ori
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Disclaimer
The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes.
The document can mostly be used forward and backward. I tried to mark questionable stuff with (?).
If you want it to look pretty, steal some crayons and go to town.
Finally…
If you’re a gunner, buck up and do your own work.
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Describe the morphology and size of a spirochete
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Spirochetes are long but very narrow spiral shaped bacterial with internal flagella that
course down the side of the bacterium essentially between the inner and outer
membrane,
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Name the spirochete visualization technique
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Usually best visualized with dark-field microscopy. Antibody staining can also be
used.
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Name three medically important spirochete species
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TreponemaLeptospira
Borrelia
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What disease is associated with treponema
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Syphilis
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What diseases are associated with Borrelia
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Recurring feversLyme disease
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What disease is associated with Leptospira
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Leptospirosis
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Name the stages of syphilis
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PrimarySecondary
(Latent)Tertiary
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Primary syphilis time frame
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3 week incubation
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Primary syphilis sx
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Chancre at site of infection
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Secondary syphilis time frame
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Develops 2-8 weeks after chancre formation. Lasts days to weeks.
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Secondary syphilis sx
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Macular papular rash over body surface including soles and palms.
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Latent syphilis sx
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Essentially none. Low infectivity.May revert to secondary syphilis with high
infectivity.
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Tertiary syphilis time frame
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Typically develops in 15-20 years
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Tertiary syphilis affected systems
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NeurosyphilisCardiavascular syphilis
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Neurosyphilis sx
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Chronic meningitisBrain degeneration
Psychosis
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Cardiavascular syphilis sx
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Ascending and transverse aortic dilation due to endarteritis of the vasa vasorum
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Congenital syphilis timeframe
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Active infection after the 4th month
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Congenital syphilis sx
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Macular papular rash similar to secondary syphilis in adults
Bone changes (saddle nose, saber shins)
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver failure
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Syphilis tests
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VDRL – non-treponemalFluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA)
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Describe VDRL sensitivity and specificity
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Sensitive but not specific as a number of other situations can increase cardiolipin antibody
levels that form the basis of the test. Always confirm positive results.
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Syphilis rule of thirds
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1/3 secondary1/3 latent
1/3 chronic (~3% of original?)
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Borrelia staining
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Stains well with Geimsa or Wright stains
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Borrelia recurrentis and hermsii disease characteristics
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Up to four cycles of fever that are separated by a few days and that each last about a week.
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Borrelia relapse basis
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Limited antigenic variation allows immune escape
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Relapsing fever vectors
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Ticks and lice
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Relapsing fever severity
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Tick borne fatality rareLouse borne fatality more common
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General lice infection mechanism
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Infected lice are crushed and then their introduced into a superficial wound.
Lice must move between hosts.
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Etiologic agent: Bulls eye rash, arthritis, myalgia, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Borrelia burgdorferi cause disease common name
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Lyme disease
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Lyme disease lifecycle
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Ixodes ticks feed on small animals and deer. Humans are incidental hosts.
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Lyme disease time course
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Erythema migrans (bulls eye rash) within first month
Secondary progression to debilitating arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and nervous system
involvement that can develop immediately or that may be delayed for years.
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Lyme disease epidemiology
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Outdoor people in the mid-atlantic and new england states
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Leptospirosis vector
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Rodents, cattle, dogs urine contaminated water
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Leptospirosis sx
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Flu-like with meningitis
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Etiology: Large inflamed inguinal or axillary lymph node that is very painful that occurs
after a visit to the four corners area
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Yersinia pestis
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Describe pneumonic plaque
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Pneumonic involvement of Y. pestis that causes necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia with a
fatality > 90%
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Describe the potential for person to person spread of Y. pestis
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Pneumonic involvement is highly contagious.
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Yersinia pestis virulence factors
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F1 capsular antigen expressed at 37CV and W antigens are antiphagocyticIntracellular survival in macrophage
Outer membrane proteins
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Tularemia sx
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Similar to plague
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Brucella sx
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Recurrent bacteremia with fever.Infects reticuloendothelial system
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Brucellosis epidemiology
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Occupational contact with infected animals (farmers, vets, kinky fetishers)
Unpasteurized dairy products