spinal column. myotomes/dermatomes myotomes- movement dermatomes- sensory
TRANSCRIPT
Spinal ColumnSpinal Column
Myotomes/DermatomesMyotomes/Dermatomes
Myotomes- movementMyotomes- movement
Dermatomes- sensoryDermatomes- sensory
MyotomesMyotomes
C3,4,5C3,4,5 Shoulder Elevation Shoulder Elevation
C5C5 Shoulder Abduction Shoulder Abduction
C6C6 Elbow FlexionElbow Flexion
C7C7 Elbow ExtensionElbow Extension
C8C8 Finger FlexionFinger Flexion
T1T1 Finger AbductionFinger Abduction
MyotomesMyotomes
L1,2,3L1,2,3 Hip Flexion Hip Flexion
S1S1 Hip ExtensionHip ExtensionEversion Eversion
S1,2S1,2 Plantar flexion Plantar flexion L2,3,4L2,3,4 Hip Adductors Hip Adductors L4L4 Dorsiflexion/inversion Dorsiflexion/inversion L5L5 Hip Abductors Hip Abductors
Great toe dorsiflexionGreat toe dorsiflexion
Injuries/ConditionsInjuries/Conditions
ScoliosisScoliosisSpondylolysisSpondylolysisSpondylolysthesisSpondylolysthesisPinched nervePinched nerveStingerStingerSciaticaSciaticaBulging discBulging discParaplegiaParaplegiaQuadraplegiaQuadraplegia
ScoliosisScoliosis
Curvature of the spineCurvature of the spine
Spondylolysis Spondylolysis
Stress Fracture of Stress Fracture of vertebrae.vertebrae.
Spondylolisthesis Spondylolisthesis
Fracture that also has Fracture that also has some slippage of the some slippage of the vertebrae.vertebrae.
CausesCauses
Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are most common in football linemen and are most common in football linemen and gymnasts. These two sports involve gymnasts. These two sports involve weight-loading, rotation, and weight-loading, rotation, and hyperextension (back-arching). hyperextension (back-arching).
SymptomsSymptoms
Generally, the athlete will have pain Generally, the athlete will have pain across the low back that may radiate down across the low back that may radiate down to the buttocks. The muscles of the low to the buttocks. The muscles of the low back will be in spasm, giving a flat back will be in spasm, giving a flat appearance to the normally curved lower appearance to the normally curved lower back. back.
Cervical Spine injury causesCervical Spine injury causes
Falls or collisionsFalls or collisions
Sudden twisting of the neckSudden twisting of the neck
C-Spine injuryC-Spine injury
C-Spine injuryC-Spine injury
Symptoms of C-spine injurySymptoms of C-spine injury
Pain, usually a pinpoint spot.Pain, usually a pinpoint spot.
Tingling in both arms and/or legs.Tingling in both arms and/or legs.
Decreased feeling in arms and/or legs.Decreased feeling in arms and/or legs.
Muscle weakness in arms and/or legs.Muscle weakness in arms and/or legs.
Pinched NervePinched Nerve
Occurs by pressure being put on a nerve.Occurs by pressure being put on a nerve.
Either by a bone, disc, or swelling.Either by a bone, disc, or swelling.
Signs/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms
Muscle weaknessMuscle weakness
Tingling or numbnessTingling or numbness
PainPain
SciaticaSciatica
A protruding disk in your lower spinal A protruding disk in your lower spinal column pressing on the roots to your column pressing on the roots to your sciatic nerve.sciatic nerve.
Pain in your lower back or hip that Pain in your lower back or hip that radiates down from your buttock to the radiates down from your buttock to the back of one thigh and into your leg.back of one thigh and into your leg.
SciaticaSciatica
You may also feel weakness, "pins and You may also feel weakness, "pins and needles" numbness, or a burning or needles" numbness, or a burning or tingling sensation down your leg. tingling sensation down your leg.
You're most likely to get sciatica when You're most likely to get sciatica when you're 30-50 years old. you're 30-50 years old.
StingersStingers
The The brachial plexusbrachial plexus is an arrangement of is an arrangement of nerve fibers running from the spine (C5-nerve fibers running from the spine (C5-T1), through the neck, the armpit region, T1), through the neck, the armpit region, and into the arm. and into the arm.
The nerves in the neck and shoulder are The nerves in the neck and shoulder are over-stretched as the head is forced over-stretched as the head is forced sideways away from the shoulder. sideways away from the shoulder.
Signs/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms
The athlete will experience sudden and severe The athlete will experience sudden and severe painful, stinging sensations in 1 of his arms painful, stinging sensations in 1 of his arms frequently lasting from seconds to minutes, frequently lasting from seconds to minutes, occasionally hours and less frequently days or occasionally hours and less frequently days or longer.longer.
There is often associated weakness of the There is often associated weakness of the muscles in the shoulder and arm that are muscles in the shoulder and arm that are supplied by the injured nerve. The arm supplied by the injured nerve. The arm symptoms are usually more severe than neck symptoms are usually more severe than neck pain. pain.
Signs/SymptomsSigns/Symptoms
First time stingers will usually recover First time stingers will usually recover quickly even without treatment, but there is quickly even without treatment, but there is a greater risk of recurrent injury if left a greater risk of recurrent injury if left untreated. Each additional stinger will untreated. Each additional stinger will likely result in continued neurologic likely result in continued neurologic impairment including muscle weakness. impairment including muscle weakness.
Herniated discHerniated disc
Approximately 90% of disc herniations will Approximately 90% of disc herniations will occur at L4- L5 or L5- S1.occur at L4- L5 or L5- S1.
Due to overuse, a disc may weaken and Due to overuse, a disc may weaken and the gel substance puts pressure on the the gel substance puts pressure on the nerve.nerve.
ParapalegicParapalegic
ParaplegiaParaplegia is a condition in which the is a condition in which the lower part of a person's body is paralyzed lower part of a person's body is paralyzed and cannot function. and cannot function.
It is usually the result of spinal cord injury. It is usually the result of spinal cord injury.
QuadraplegicQuadraplegic
QuadriplegiaQuadriplegia is a symptom in which a is a symptom in which a human experiences paralysis of all four human experiences paralysis of all four limbs, although not necessarily total limbs, although not necessarily total paralysis.paralysis.
EvaluationEvaluation
HistoryHistory
ObservationObservation
PalpationPalpation
Stress TestsStress Tests
HistoryHistory
Athlete could walk into Training Room. Athlete could walk into Training Room. Athlete could be down on the field/court!Athlete could be down on the field/court!
HistoryHistory
Athlete walks into Training Room.Athlete walks into Training Room.
HistoryHistory
Athlete down on fieldAthlete down on field
Do not move this athlete until you Do not move this athlete until you determine it is safe to do so.determine it is safe to do so.
Do not take off any equipment until you Do not take off any equipment until you determine it is safe to do so.determine it is safe to do so.
If you suspect a cervical spine injury, If you suspect a cervical spine injury, make sure head is stabilized at all times!make sure head is stabilized at all times!
C-Spine injuryC-Spine injury
ObservationObservation
DeformityDeformity
AlignmentAlignment
Posture/positionsPosture/positions
Signs of traumaSigns of trauma
MotionlessnessMotionlessness
PalpationPalpation
Very carefullyVery carefully
Palpate for pain over vertebrae.Palpate for pain over vertebrae.
Check for sensationCheck for sensation
Check for movementCheck for movement
Stress TestsStress Tests
Active Range of MotionActive Range of Motion
Resistive motionsResistive motions
Spine board videoSpine board video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhQDm60_Pxcv=QhQDm60_Pxc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bi__RFpypE&feature=relatedv=6bi__RFpypE&feature=related