spill control - slide 1 of 129 spill prevention and control industrial safety training for emergency...

SPILL CONTROL - SLIDE 1 OF 129

SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY TRAININGFOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE STAFF

HAZARDOUSMATERIALS

031


WELCOME

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120

SAFETY TRAINING

EPA 40 CFR 1910.112, 264,



YOUR INSTRUCTOR


ABOUT THIS COURSE

This Course is Intended to Provide Training in Basic Techniques and Control Measures for Relatively Small Spills Containing Materials That do not Require Respiratory Protection or Extensive Skin Protection. Requiring Personal Protective Equipment Such as the Following:

1. Coveralls.2. Gloves. (Optional, as applicable) 3. Boots/Shoes, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.4. Boot outer, chemical resistant (disposable)5. Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles.6. Hard hat. (Optional, as applicable)7. Face shield. (Optional, as applicable)8. Escape mask. (Optional, as applicable)


STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

Understand the Effects of Exposure to Hazardous Materials

Understand the Basics of Industrial Pollution Prevention

Understand the Basics of Spill Control and Containment

Understand the Basics of Development a Spill Response Plan

29 and 40 CFR Requires:

Establishment of a “Spill Control” Program Training be Conducted Hazards be Assessed Hazards and Precautions be Explained Emergency Response Capability be Established


COURSE OBJECTIVES

Provide Training to the Emergency Response Staff.

Introduce Pollution Prevention and Discuss Its Role in Today’s Industry.

Introduce Spill Control and Discuss Its Role in Today’s Industry.

Introduce Skills Required for Spill Control of Industrial Materials.

Introduce Spill Control Techniques.

Discuss Physical and Health Hazards.

Discuss the North American Emergency Response Guidebook


32,000,000 Workers Exposed to Chemicals on a Daily Basis.

575,000 Existing Chemical Products.

Bhopal India Tragedy, December 1984.

OSHA Requirements for Safe Chemical Handling.

OSHA Requirements Emergency Spill Control.

EPA Requirements for Pollution Prevention.

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE


REGULATORY STANDARDTHE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE

FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1

EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Employers must comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.


29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY

106 - FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

REGULATORY STANDARDFLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

29CFR - 1910 - 106




120 - HAZWOPER STANDARD

REGULATORY STANDARD

29CFR - 1910 - 120

HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY RESPONSE




1200 - HAZCOM STANDARD

REGULATORY STANDARDHAZARD COMMUNICATION

29CFR - 1910 - 1200



112 - SPILL PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND COUNTERMEASURES PLAN

264 - PREPAREDNESS, PREVENTION AND CONTINGENCY PLAN

REGULATORY STANDARDHAZARD COMMUNICATION

40CFR - 112, 264


BEFORE MARCH 1, 1991:

VIOLATION NARRATIVE: TEN (10) EMPLOYEES WERE NOTED NOT WEARING EYE PROTECTION IN AREAS WHERE A REASONABLE PROBABILITY OF EYE INJURY COULD OCCUR.

PENALTY: $500

OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY



AS OF MARCH 1, 1991:

CHANGES IN PENALTY COMPUTATION:

1. PENALTIES BROKEN OUT INDIVIDUALLY.

2. PENALTIES INCREASED SEVEN FOLD.



AS OF MARCH 1, 1991:

VIOLATION NARRATIVE: TEN (10) EMPLOYEES WERENOTED NOT WEARING EYE PROTECTION IN AREAS WHERE A REASONABLE PROBABILITY OF EYE INJURY COULD OCCUR.

$ 10 VIOLATIONS TIMES $500 = $5000$ 5000 TIMES SEVEN = $35,000

PENALTY: $35000 BEFORE MARCH, 1991: $500 AS OF MARCH, 1991: $35,000


POLLUTION PREVENTION OVERVIEW

POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT OF 1990:

Established a national hierarchy for managing wastes. The environmental hierarchy included provisions for:

PREVENTION RECYCLING

TREATMENT DISPOSALOR RELEASE

POLLUTIONPREVENTION

ACT OF1990



POLLUTION PREVENTION DEFINED:

Source reduction and other practices that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants through the increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water or other resources, or the protection of natural resources by conservation.



SOURCE REDUCTION:

1. Reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant entering any waste streams otherwise released into the environment prior to recycling, treatment or disposal.

2. Reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants or contaminants.



WASTE MINIMIZATION DEFINED:

The reduction, to the extent feasible, of hazardous waste that is generated or subsequently treated, sorted or disposed of.

Waste minimization includes any source reduction or recycling activity under taken by a generator that results in either:

1. Reduction of total volume/quantity of hazwaste2. Reduction of toxicity of hazwaste



ELEMENTS OF A WASTE MINIMIZATION PROGRAM:

1. Top Management Support

2. Characterization of Waste Generation Costs

3. Characterization of Waste Management Costs

4. Periodic Waste Minimization Assessments

5. Appropriate Cost Allocation

6. Encouragement of Technology Transfer



ELEMENTS OF A POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM:

1. Planning and Organization Phase

2. Facility Assessment Phase

3. Feasibility Analysis Phase

4. Implementation Phase

COMPLIANCE




1. Planning and Organization Phase

Management Commitment Waste Minimization Goals Organizing an Assessment Task Force

COMPLIANCE




2. Facility Assessment Phase

Collect Process and Facility Data Prioritize and Select Assessment Targets Prioritize or Rank Waste Handling Procedures Identify Wastes to be Targeted Identify In-House Resources for Program

COMPLIANCE




2. Facility Assessment Phase (Continued)

Select Assessment Team Review Data and Inspect Site Generate Options for Pollution Prevention Screen and Select Options for Feasibility Study

COMPLIANCE




3. Feasibility Analysis Phase An option must be shown to be technically and

economically feasible in order to merit serious consideration for adoption at a facility.

A technical evaluation determines whether a proposed option will work in a specific application. Both process and equipment changes need to be assessed for their overall effects on waste quantity and product quality.

COMPLIANCE




4. Implementation Phase

Any option that passes both technical and economic feasibility reviews should then be implemented at a facility. The process should then be continued to track waste and identify opportunities for pollution prevention throughout a facility by way of periodic reassessments.

COMPLIANCE



BENEFITS TO A POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM:

1. Environmental Benefits

2. Health Benefits

3. Economic Benefits

4. Regulatory Benefits

5. Liability Benefits

6. Public Image Benefits


SPECIFIC GRAVITYSpecific Gravity is a dimensionless number that compares the mass of any material to the mass of an equal volume of water.

Weight (mass) of 1 gallon of Water is 8.33 lbs.Weight (mass) of 1 gallon of Sulfuric Acid is 15.33 lbs.

Specific Gravity = ------------------------------ = 1.8415.33 lb/gal (Sulfuric)

8.33 lbs/gal (Water)

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Many chemicals are soluble in water, but when the liquid does notappreciably dissolve in water, the term immiscible is used.

IMMISCIBLE IN WATER SOLUBLE IN WATER

Float on top if theSG less than 1.0

Sink to the bottom if the SG greater than 1.0

WATER

WATER



VAPOR DENSITYThe mass of gases and vapors as it is compared to the mass of an equal volume of air or other reference gas. Air’s density is 1.29 g/L or 0.011 lb/gallon.

VD greater than 1.0, the vapors are heavier than air and lay in low areas.

VD less than 1.0, the vapors are lighter than air and will rise.



- pH. THE pH OF A LIQUID IS THE NUMERICAL MEASURE OF ITS RELATIVE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY. THE RANGE IS FROM 0 - 14 WITH A NEUTRAL LEVEL EXPRESSED AS A pH OF 7.0. ABOVE 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ALKALINE OR BASIC. BELOW 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ACIDIC. COMMON ACIDS (pH 0-6) COMMON BASES (pH 8-14)

- HYDROCHLORIC ACID - SODIUM HYDROXIDE (LYE) - HYDROFLUORIC ACID - SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (BLEACH) - NITRIC ACID - AQUEOUS AMMONIA - PHOSPHORIC ACID - POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (POTASH) - CHROMIC ACID - AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

pH



pH12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

ACID

NEUTRAL

BASE

LimewaterHousehold ammonia

Milk of magnesia

BloodPure WaterTap WaterCoffeeWineVinegarLemon juiceGastric juice

COMMONHOUSEHOLD

LIQUIDS



CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY!

HIGH pHBASEACIDLOW pH



STATES OF MATTER

CHANGE OF STATE CAN OCCUR DUE TO:

HEAT COLD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE INTERACTION WITH OTHER CHEMICALS

SOLID LIQUID GAS



AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS:

FUME DUST

MIST

VAPOR

GAS

SMOKE

STATES OF MATTER



GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

HOW WELL THE BODY ACCEPTS A SUBSTANCE DEPENDS ON:

THE TYPE OF SUBSTANCE

THE AMOUNT (DOSE) ABSORBED

THE PERIOD OF TIME OVER WHICH IT IS ABSORBED

THE SUSCEPTIBILITY/SENSITIVITY OF THE PERSON EXPOSED

EVERYTHING IS TOXIC; IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE


INHALATION

ABSORPTION

INGESTION INJECTION


ROUTES OF ENTRY


LOCAL EFFECT. DAMAGE TO BODY PARTS THAT ACTUALLY CONTACT THE HARMFUL SUBSTANCE (ACID ON A HAND). SYSTEMIC EFFECT. DAMAGE TO AN AREA OF THE BODY AFTER THE SUBSTANCE IS ABSORBED (LIVER DAMAGE).

INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY. SOME PEOPLE ARE NATURALLY SENSITIVE OR CAN DEVELOP SENSITIVITY TO A SUBSTANCE. DOSE. COMBINATION OF CONCENTRATION AND LENGTH OF BODILY EXPOSURE TO A SPECIFIC MATERIAL.

EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY



ACUTE EXPOSURE:

USUALLY MINUTES, HOURS OR SEVERAL DAYS.

CHRONIC EXPOSURE:

REGULAR EXPOSURE OVER MONTHS, YEARS, OR A LIFETIME.





DEGREE OF HARM TO BODY DEPENDENT ON:

CONDITIONS OF USE

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CHEMICAL

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

DURATION OF THE EXPOSURE

CONCENTRATION OF THE CONTAMINANT IN AIR

INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE EXPOSED PERSON

TOXICITY OF THE CHEMICAL


HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. A MATERIAL THAT FALLS INTO ONE OR MOREOF THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES.

IGNITABILITY (FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE) REACTIVITY (REACTS WITH ITSELF OR OTHER MATERIALS)

CORROSIVITY (DETERIORATES ANOTHER SUBSTANCE) TOXICITY (IN A NORMAL STATE IS HARMFUL TO LIVING THINGS)




HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS

FIVE HAZARD LEVELS

HMIS NFPA

4 SEVERE 4 EXTREME 3 SERIOUS 3 HIGH 2 MODERATE 2 MODERATE 1 SLIGHT 1 SLIGHT 0 MINIMAL 0 INSIGNIFICANT



FOUR HAZARD PARAMETERS

HEALTH (Blue) FLAMMABILITY (Red) REACTIVITY (Yellow) SPECIFIC HAZARD (NFPA) (White)


NFPA LABEL

412

W

FIRE HAZARD

REACTIVITY

SPECIFIC HAZARD(WATER REACTIVE)

HEALTH HAZARD

FIVE NFPA HAZARD LEVELS

- 4 EXTREME - 3 HIGH - 2 MODERATE - 1 SLIGHT - 0 INSIGNIFICANT

BLUE

RED

YELLOW

WHITE




REVIEW THE CONTAINER LABEL FOR:

HEALTH HAZARD LEVEL REACTIVITY INFORMATION FIRE HAZARD LEVEL SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUCH AS “WATER REACTIVITY”


CORROSIVE LIQUIDS

COMMON ACIDS (pH 0-6)

HYDROCHLORIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID CHROMIC ACID

COMMON BASES (pH 8-14)

SODIUM HYDROXIDE (LYE) SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (BLEACH) AQUEOUS AMMONIA POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (POTASH) AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

ACIDS AND BASESACID BASE



HIGH pHBASEACIDLOW pH

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS


AFFECT OTHER MATERIALS BY CONTACT:

ACIDS AND BASES AFFECT MATERIAL BY CONTACT ACIDS AND BASES AFFECT EACH OTHER OXIDIZERS INCREASE HAZARD DURING FIRES

ACIDS BASES OXIDIZERS

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS


DOT DEFINITION

OXIDIZER

A MATERIAL SUCH AS A CHLORATE, PERMANGANATE,OR INORGANIC PEROXIDE THAT WILL GIVE OFFOXYGEN READILY TO STIMULATE THE COMBUSTIONOF ORGANIC MATERIAL.

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS

OXIDIZER

DANGER


PROVIDE OXYGEN FOR COMBUSTION REACT VIOLENTLY WITH FLAMMABLES AND COMBUSTIBLES MUST BE KEPT SEPARATE FROM ALL OTHER CLASSES OF MATERIALS

OXIDIZERS

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS

OXIDIZER

DANGER


DOT DEFINITION

CORROSIVE

A LIQUID OR SOLID THAT CAUSES VISIBLE DESTRUCTION OR IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE TO SKIN TISSUE AT THE POINT OF CONTACT, OR THAT HAS A SEVERE CORROSION RATE ON STEEL.

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS

CORROSIVEMATERIALS

DANGER


OSHA DEFINITION

CORROSIVE

A CHEMICAL THAT CAUSESVISIBLE DESTRUCTION OF, ORIRREVERSIBLE ALTERATIONSIN LIVING TISSUE BY CHEMICALACTION AT THE SITE OF CONTACT.

ACID

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS


ACIDS AND BASES

- pH. THE pH OF A LIQUID IS THE NUMERICAL MEASUREOF ITS RELATIVE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY. THE RANGEIS FROM 0 - 14 WITH A NEUTRAL LEVEL EXPRESSED ASA pH OF 7.0.

ABOVE 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ALKALINE OR BASIC.

BELOW 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ACIDIC.

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS


STORING CORROSIVE LIQUIDS

INSPECT BEFORE PLACING IN STORAGE SEPARATE ACIDS FROM BASES SEPARATE ACIDS & BASES FROM OTHER MATERIALS USE DRIP PANS UNDER CONTAINERS USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) USE CORRECT DILUTIONS SEQUENCES USE APPROVED STORAGE CONTAINERS

STORAGE AND SPILL CONTROL

CORROSIVEMATERIALS

DANGER


TYPES AND DEFINITIONS:

FLASHPOINT - MINIMUM TEMP. FOR IGNITABLE VAPOR FLAMMABLE - FLASHPOINT BELOW 100 DEG. (F.) COMBUSTIBLE - FLASHPOINT AT OR ABOVE 100 DEG. (F.) PYROPHORIC - CAN IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY FLAMMABLE RANGE - VAPOR /AIR RATIO THAT WILL BURN VOLATILITY - TENDENCY TO CHANGE TO VAPOR STATE

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS



OXIDIZERSOLVENT

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS


LEVELS OF STORAGE:

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE FACILITY

IN-PLANT STORAGE CABINETS

TOTES, DRUMS/BARRELS

PORTABLE CONTAINERS

STORING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS:

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS

FLAMMABLELIQUIDS

DANGER


HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE FACILITY

DEDICATED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM MAKE-UP AIR EXHAUST VENTILATION EXPLOSION-PROOF LIGHTING AND HEATING FLOOR DRAINS 2-HOUR FIRE RATING ON STRUCTURE PROPER SIGNAGE AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS

FLAMMABLELIQUIDS

DANGER


TOTES, DRUMS AND BARRELS

SHOULD BE MOVED TO STORAGE ASAP MAKE BEST USE OF JUST-IN-TIME SYSTEM BONDING WIRES MUST BE USED LOCAL FIRE CODES MUST BE CONSIDERED BONDING - CONTAINER TO CONTAINER GROUNDING - CONTAINER TO STRUCTURAL GROUND NO IGNITION SOURCES WITHIN 25 FEET

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS

FLAMMABLELIQUIDS

DANGER


PORTABLE CONTAINERS

BOND FROM DRUM TO CONTAINER DURING TRANSFER STORE IN SAFETY CABINETS WHEN NOT IN USE CHECK FOR LEAK-TIGHTNESS CHECK FOR SERVICEABLE VENT MECHANISM DO NOT REMOVE FLAME ARRESTER SCREENS DO NOT OVERFILL (HIGH TEMPS WILL CAUSE OVERFLOW) FOLLOW WARNINGS AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS

FLAMMABLELIQUIDS

DANGER


GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

REMOVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USE SPARK RESISTANT TOOLS USE SAFE TECHNIQUES TO MOVE CONTAINERS USE PROPER DISPENSING FAUCETS FOLLOW WARNINGS AND USE LABELS PROPERLY DISPOSE OF EMPTY CONTAINERS FOLLOW PROPER INSPECTION PROCEDURES

IGNITABLE LIQUIDS

FLAMMABLELIQUIDS

DANGER


HIGHLY TOXIC LIQUIDS

ALL ROUTES OF ENTRY CAN BE AT RISK MATERIAL MUST BE CHARACTERIZED KNOW THE EXPOSURE LIMITS AND HEALTH EFFECTS RESTRICT ACCESS TO THESE MATERIALS CAREFULLY REVIEW STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ENSURE SUFFICIENT TRAINING LEVELS ACHIEVED USE ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USE APPROVED STORAGE CONTAINERS

HANDLING

DANGER

HIGHLY TOXICMATERIALS




ACIDCYANIDE


INSPECT BEFORE PLACING IN STORAGE RESTRICT ACCESS TO THESE MATERIALS SEPARATE FROM INCOMPATIBLES USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) USE APPROVED STORAGE CONTAINERS

STORING


DANGER

HIGHLY TOXICMATERIALS


REACTIVE LIQUIDS

HANDLING KNOW THE ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS KNOW THE REACTIVE NATURE OF THE MATERIAL SEPARATE FROM INCOMPATIBLES RESTRICT ACCESS TO THESE MATERIALS CAREFULLY REVIEW STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ENSURE SUFFICIENT TRAINING LEVELS ACHIEVED USE ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USE APPROVED STORAGE CONTAINERS

REACTIVEMATERIALS

DANGER



WATERMAGNESIUM

REACTIVE LIQUIDS


INSPECT BEFORE PLACING IN STORAGE SEPARATE FROM INCOMPATIBLES USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) USE APPROVED STORAGE CONTAINERS

STORING

REACTIVE LIQUIDS

REACTIVEMATERIALS

DANGER


SOLID MATERIALS

DRUMS/BARRELS TOTES BAGS

HANDLING - PORTABLE CONTAINERS

TANKS HOPPERS SILOS

HANDLING - BULK STORAGE

HIGHLY TOX ICMATERIALS

DANGER


MANUAL METHOD MECHANICAL METHOD FOLLOW SAFETY PROCEDURES AVOID SUSPENDING PARTICLES USE DUST CONTROL TECHNIQUES

TRANSFER

DUST PRIMARY HAZARD

HAZARDS

SOLID MATERIALS

RESPIRATORYHAZARD

DANGER


= MICRON* = SHAPE IS A FACTOR

PARTICLE SIZE

0.251.005.00

590.0 MINUTES

54.0 MINUTES 2.5 MINUTES

TIME TO FALL 1 FOOT*

SOLID MATERIALS

RESPIRATORYHAZARD

DANGER


INSPECT CONTAINER BEFORE PLACING IN STORAGE SEPARATE FROM INCOMPATIBLES USE MECHANICAL DEVICES TO LIFT HEAVY BAGS USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) PROTECT FROM CONTAMINATION IN STORAGE USE EXHAUST VENTILATION EMPTY BAGS HAVE RESIDUAL PRODUCT INSIDE USE APPROVED STORAGE CONTAINERS

STORING

SOLID MATERIALS


INSPECT CONTAINER FOR PRODUCT RESIDUALS DO NOT USE EMPTY CONTAINERS AS TRASH CANS CHECK WITH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TRIPLE RINSE REUSABLE CONTAINERS REMEMBER - RESIDUAL PRODUCT IS HAZARDOUS TOO FOLLOW LOCAL PROCEDURES CHECK WITH SUPERVISOR IF POLICY IS UNCLEAR

HANDLING AND DISPOSAL

EMPTY CONTAINER MANAGEMENT


PROTECTIVE GLOVES Butyl Latex - Vinyl Neoprene PVA PVC PVC/Nitrile

The actual properties of the hazard must be known to determine the specific type of equipment to be used!

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS


Natural Rubber - Alcohol's, diluted acids and bases

Neoprene - Bases, peroxides, fuels, oilsAliphatic hydrocarbons, glycol, phenols, alcohol

Nitrile Rubber - Phenols, PCB, oil and fuels, amines, bases, peroxides

Polyvinyl Alcohol -Most organics

PROTECTIVE GLOVES



PROTECTIVE BOOTS Butyl Natural Rubber Neoprene Nitrile PVC PVC/Nitrile

The actual properties of the hazard must be known to determine the specific type of equipment to be used!



Inspect for weak seams Inspect for tears and cracks Inspect for signs of swelling Inspect for signs of stiffness Inspect for signs of deterioration Inspect for signs of discoloration Inspect for non-uniform coatings Inspect for pinholes (hold to light) Inspect for malfunctioning closures Check clothing for compatibility with material

EQUIPMENT INSPECTION



PERMEATIONTo pass through the protective clothingthrough a period of time. This passingthrough may not be noticeable withouta microscope.



BREAK THROUGH TIMEThe amount of time it takesto “Break Through” the PPE Garment.



DEGRADATIONThe changing of the physical propertiesof the protective equipment due to thechemicals being introduced.



PENETRATIONThe large flow of any chemicalthrough the protective clothing and/or material.

ACID



1. PPE must be compatible with spilled product!

2. Evaluate the task and then select protective clothing.

3. Know the types of exposures that are likely to occur.

4. Know the effects when contact is made with a chemical.

5. Know the physical resistance.

6. Know the chemical resistance.

7. Consider Human factors.

8. Evaluate the cost associated with the equipment.

KEYS TO SELECTING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING



PPE SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS Design Comfort Visibility Flexibility Durability Disposability Communication Chemical Resistance Age of the Equipment Temperature Resistance

The actual properties of the product must be known to make a decision on the specific type of equipment to be used!



4 LEVELS OR TYPES OF PROTECTION

LEVEL - ALEVEL - A

LEVEL - BLEVEL - B

LEVEL - CLEVEL - C

LEVEL - DLEVEL - D



Level A is used when the highest level of skin, respiratory and eye protection is required.

The hazardous substance has been identified and requires the highest level of protection for skin, eyes and the respiratory system based on either the measured (or potential for) high concentration of atmospheric vapors, gases, or particulate; or the site operations and work functions involve a high potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to unexpected vapors, gases, or particulate of materials that are harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin.

LEVEL - A PROTECTIONLEVEL - A PROTECTION



1. Positive pressure, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Totally-encapsulating airtight, vapor tight chemical protective suit.

3. Coveralls. (Nomex & Nomex Hood).

4. Long underwear. (Optional, as applicable)

COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - ACOMPONENTS OF LEVEL - A



5. Gloves, outer, chemical resistant.

6. Gloves, inner, chemical resistant.

7. Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

8. Hard hat, bike helmet, hockey helmet, (under suit). (Optional, as applicable).

9. Disposable protective suit, gloves and boots (depending on suit construction, may be worn over totally-encapsulating suit.)

COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - ACOMPONENTS OF LEVEL - A



LEVEL - B PROTECTIONLEVEL - B PROTECTIONLevel B is used when the highest level of respiratory protection is necessary (IDLH) but a lesser level of skin protection is needed.

The type and atmospheric concentration of substances have been identified and require a high level of respiratory protection but less skin protection. The atmosphere contains less than 19.5 percent oxygen. The presence of incompletely identified vapors or gases is indicated by a direct reading organic vapor detection instrument, but vapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin.



1. Positive pressure, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Hooded chemical resistant clothing (overalls and long-sleeved jacket; coveralls; one or two piece chemical splash suit; disposable chemical resistant overalls.

COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - BCOMPONENTS OF LEVEL - B



3. Coveralls. (Optional, as applicable).



6. Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

7. Boot covers, outer, chemical resistant (disposable).

8. Hard hat. (Optional, as applicable).

9. Face shield. (Optional, as applicable).

COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - BCOMPONENTS OF LEVEL - B



LEVEL - C PROTECTIONLEVEL - C PROTECTIONLevel C is used when the concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substance(s) is known and the criteria for using air purifying respirators are met. The atmospheric contaminants, liquid splashes, or other direct contact will not adversely affect or be absorbed through any exposed skin.

The types of air contaminants have been identified, concentrations measured, and an air purifying respirator is available that can remove the contaminants. All criteria for the use of air purifying respirators are met.



COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - CCOMPONENTS OF LEVEL - C

1. Full face or half mask, air purifying respirators, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Hooded chemical resistant clothing (overalls, two piece chemical splash suit; disposable chemical resistant overalls.



3. Coveralls. (Optional, as applicable)



6. Boots (outer), chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

7. Boot covers, outer, chemical resistant (disposable).

8. Hard hat. (Optional, as applicable)

9. Face shield. (Optional, as applicable)

10. Escape mask. (Optional, as applicable)

COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - CCOMPONENTS OF LEVEL - C



LEVEL - D PROTECTIONLEVEL - D PROTECTION

Level D is used for nuisance contamination only. A work uniform affording minimal protection. The atmosphere contains no known hazards. Work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals or materials.



COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - D COMPONENTS OF LEVEL - D

1. Coveralls.

2. Gloves. (Optional, as applicable)

3. Boots/Shoes, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

4. Boot outer, chemical resistant (disposable)

5. Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles.

6. Hard hat. (Optional, as applicable)

7. Face shield. (Optional, as applicable)

8. Escape mask. (Optional, as applicable)




ELEMENTS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL:

1. Identification of Potential Spill Areas

2. Risk Reduction Techniques in Potential Spill Areas

3. Identification of Spill Procedures and Equipment

4. Development of a Spill Control Plan



IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SPILL AREAS:

Tank Farms Warehouses Parking Lots Process Activities Containment Areas Manufacturing Areas Food Processing Areas Power Generating Facilities Waste Accumulation Points Loading and Unloading Areas Waste and or Materials Storage Areas Chemical Processing or Blending Areas



RISK REDUCTION IN POTENTIAL SPILL AREAS:

Adopt Effective Housekeeping Practices Adopt or Improve Internal Material Flow Plans Ensure Appropriate Security Measures are in Place Install Leak Detection, Overflow Devices and Controls Recycle, Reclaim and or Reduce the Volume in the Facility Substitute Less or Non-Toxic Materials for Toxic Materials Perform Regular Visual Inspections on Storage Containers Develop Spill Minimization Procedures for Material Transfers Remove Easily Punctured Containers from High Traffic Areas Perform Regular Preventive Maintenance on Storage Systems



IDENTIFICATION OF SPILL PROCEDURES & EQUIPMENT:

Timely Implementation of Procedures is the Key Element Maintenance of Procedures is Also Critical Develop Spill Response Plans Based on Spill Potential Consider Potential Magnitude and Frequency of Spills Review Past History and Instances of Spills Review Previous Locations of Spills Review Pertinent Material Safety Data Sheets for Spill Control


Spill ControlThe control of any inadvertent release of hazardous materials can be as simple as turning off a valve, turning a drum on its side, to performing a complete day of clean-up in a totally encapsulating suit such as that required at hazardous waste remediation sites.




CONTAINMENTAny procedures taken to keep the material in its original container, Contaminate activities can require many hours of training and practice. Your imagination is a good place to begin to develop containment methods.

Super glue, and fast setting materials for casts are just some of the simple examples.



CONFINEMENTAny procedures taken to keep all the material in a defined area. These activities will vary from plant to plant and will be determined by the company emergency response plan. Spills or releases can be confined by our A, B, C, D materials.

Absorption Collection

Blocking Diking



ABSORPTION

Materials like dirt, sand, soda ash, saw dust, vermiculite, or even kitty litter can absorb the spill. The absorption material should be placed in front of the material with consideration of any slope or grade. A key note to remember, the absorption materials MUST be COMPATIBLE with the spilled material.



ABSORPTION

EXAMPLES OF ABSORBENTS:

Absorbent Paper for Work Benches Sorbent Pillows Sorbent Booms Sorbent Drum Collars Loose Sorbent Material (like vermiculite)



BLOCKING

Means the protection of drains, ditches, or storm sewers from run-off of any spilled material. These items should be blocked by dams, rubber covers, pillows, booms.


EXAMPLES OF BLOCKING:

Portable Rubber (or like material) Dams Rubber Floor Drain Covers Sorbent Pillows Sorbent Booms Loose Sorbent Material (like vermiculite)

BLOCKING




COLLECTION

The collection of solid or liquid materials can be done by placing them in approved DOT containers, or other types of approved containment for proper disposal.

HAZARDOUSMATERIALS

103



COLLECTION

The collection of ASBESTOS PARTICLES, DUSTS or POWDERS (such as lead dust) can be accomplished through the use of HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE AIR (HEPA) vacuums. Once collected these materials can be placed in approved DOT containers, or other types of approved containment for proper disposal.

HEPAVACUUM



COLLECTION

HAZARDOUSMATERIALS

103

EXAMPLES OF COLLECTION:

Absorbent Paper for Work Benches Containment Pallets Secondary Containment Platforms HEPA Vacuums for Powders and Dusts Approved DOT Containers

HEPAVACUUM



DIKING

Diking materials like sand, earth, or other similar materials can be used to contain the perimeter of the leak. The material used for diking MUST also be COMPATIBLE with the spilled material.



AREA SPILL CONTROL KITS: (Know the Quantities Expected)

Pre-Assessment of the Area Spill Requirements is Critical Absorbent Socks, Mats, and Pillows Waste Disposal Bags and Ties Labels for Drum Identification Eye and Face Protection Tyvek Outergarment (or similar) Gloves Compatible with Area Hazards Boots Compatible with Area Hazards Checklists, Pens, Paper, ect.

REFER TO MSDS AND MANUFACTURER

SPILL

CONTROL KIT



AREA SPILL CONTROL KITS: (Know the Quantities Expected)

Non-Sparking Tools (bung wrenches, shovels etc.) Various Types of Tapes Container Specific Patch Kits Barrier Tape to Isolate the Spill Area Wet/Dry Shop Vac (Non HEPA) Broom and Dust Pan (Non-Sparking) Scrapers and Scoops and Mop (Non-Sparking)


SPILL

CONTROL KIT



LABORATORY SPILL CONTROL: Pre-Assessment of the Area Spill Requirements is Critical Identify Spills Before Applying Neutralizers Incompatible Neutralizers May Exaggerate the Situation Most Acid Spills - Neutralized with Baking Soda Most Bases or Caustic Spills - Neutralized with a weak

Acid Such as Citric Acid Absorbents are Effective On Most Types of Liquid Spills Absorbents Must Be Inert to the Spilled Material HEPA Vacuums are Effective on Powders, Dusts, ect.



If you have no escape route. If the spill begins to significantly spread. If there is a choice between life and property. If you’re unsure if you can handle the situation. If you are injured and it will impede your escape. If the spill control method proves to be ineffective. If any drums, gases, and like materials are engulfed. If toxic vapors or skin hazards exceed PPE Limitations.

WHEN TO CALL FOR HELP!:

WHEN NOT TO FIGHT A SPILL

911!



DECONTAMINATION

Contamination at spill sites can occur to people, vehicles, equipment, buildings and to the environment, both plants and animals. By avoiding contamination through proper positioning of people, apparatus and equipment, you may be able to eliminate the need to decontaminate.



GOAL OF DECONTAMINATION

To minimize the potential harm to people and the environment by eliminating or reducing the hazards of the contaminant.


METHODS OF DECONTAMINATION

DILUTION ABSORPTION DEGRADATION ISOLATION NEUTRALIZATION DISPOSAL



DILUTION

THE THINNING OUT OR WEAKENING OF A SUBSTANCE BY ADDING ANOTHER MATERIAL, CALLED A DILUTENT. DILUTION IS A VALID STEP IN DECONTAMINATION, BUT THE END MATERIAL WILL STILL HAVE TO BE DISPOSED OF.



ABSORPTIONTHE PROCESS WHERE ONE SUBSTANCE COMBINES WITH ANOTHER BY MOVING INTO IT OR ENTERING THE INTERIOR OF THE OTHER SUBSTANCE. WHEN ABSORBENTS ARE USED IN THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS, THE COMBINED MATERIAL MUST BE CONSIDERED AND HANDLED AS CONTAMINATED.




DEGRADATIONTHE MOLECULAR BREAKDOWN OF A MATERIAL. THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE PROCESS IS A CRITICAL CONSIDERATION. IN THE CASE OF A CONTAMINANT IT CAN RENDER THE MATERIAL LESS HAZARDOUS. THE PROCESS CAN BE USED IN DECONTAMINATION, BUT THE EXTENT OF DEGRADATION MUST BE MONITORED AND VERIFIED.



ISOLATIONTHE ESTABLISHMENT OF A BOUNDARY OR PERIMETER WHERE A MATERIAL IS LOCATED OR PLACED, AND WHERE ENTRY IS RESTRICTED TO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL. ISOLATION IS NOT ALWAYS ACHIEVABLE OVER THE LONG TERM, BUT IT DOES PROVIDE A TEMPORARY METHOD OF DEALING WITH A CONTAMINATED SUBSTANCE.



NEUTRALIZATIONTHE PROCESS THAT OCCURS WHEN ACID AND BASES NEUTRALIZE EACH OTHER; I.E. THE CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF BOTH ACID AND BASES DISAPPEAR OR HAVE A NEUTRAL VALUE. NEUTRALIZATION IS AN EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE IN DECONTAMINATION.



DISPOSALTHE FINAL STEP IN A PROCESS WHEREBY A SUBSTANCE IS TRANSFERRED TO AN AUTHORIZED PARTY, OR TO A FINAL RESTING PLACE.


EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION

NAERGNorth American Emergency Response Guidebook

Developed Jointly by: - U.S. DOT - Transport Canada (TC) - SCT Mexico

One of Several Sources of Response Information!

All Available Sources should be considered!

1996NORTH AMERICAN

EMERGENCY RESPONSEGUIDEBOOK

A GUIDEBOOKFOR FIRST RESPONDERS DURING

THE INITIAL PHASE OF AHAZARDOUS MATERIALS/DANGEROUS GOODS

INCIDENT


EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material

1001 17 Acetylene

1001 17 Acetylene, dissolved

1001 12 Air, compressed

1003 23 Air, refrigerated liquid (Cryogenic liquid)

1005 15 Ammonia

1005 15 Ammonia, Anhydrous liquefied

1005 15 Ammonia, Solutions with more than 50% ammonia

1005 15 Anhydrous Ammonia

1006 12 Argon, compressed1008 15 Boron Trifluoride1009 12 Bromotrifluoromethane1010 17 Butadienes, inhibited1011 22 Butanes or Butane Mixtures

1011 22 Butylene

1013 21 Carbon Dioxide

1014 14 Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Mixtures

1015 12 Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous oxide mixtures

1016 18 Carbon Monoxide

1017 20 Chlorine

1018 12 Chlorodifluoromethane

1020 12 Chloropentafluoro- Ethane

1021 12 Chlorotetrafluoro- Ethane1022 12 Chlorotrifluoromethane1022 12 Trifluorochloromethane1023 18 Coal Gas1026 18 Cyanogen1026 18 Cyanogen, liquefied

Numerical Chronology ofDOT Identification Numbers

Lists materials by DOT ID number Not in alphabetical order Not all materials listed

YELLOW PAGES



IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material

Acetic Acid Solution,more than 80% acid

Acetic Anhydride

Acetone, and solutions

Acetone Cyanohydrin,stabilized

Acetone Oils

Acetonitrile

Acetyl Acetone Peroxide

Acety BenzoylPeroxide

Acetylene

Acetylene, dissolved

Acetylene Tetrabromide

29 2789

39 1715

26 1090

55 1541

26 1091

28 1648

48 2080

48 2081

17 1001

17 1001

58 2504

Acridine

Acrolein, inhibited

Acrolein Dimer,stabilized

Acrylamide

Acrylic Acid, Inhibited

Acrylonitrile, inhibited

Activated Carbon

Adhesive

Adhesives, containingflammable liquid

Adiponitrile

Aerosols

Air, Compressed

32 2713

30 1092

26 2607

55 2074

29 2218

30 1093

32 1362

26 1133

26 1133

55 2205

12 1950

12 1002

Alphabetical arrangement ofhazardous material names

Alphabetical order Also lists by DOT ID number Not all materials listed

BLUE PAGES



GUIDE 11POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION Flammable/combustible material, may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames May ignite other combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc..) Container May explode in heat of fire. Reaction with fuels may be violent. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.HEALTH HAZARDS May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

EMERGENCY ACTION Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay up wind; keep out of low areas. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighter's protective clothing will provide limited protection. CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer. CALL CHEMTREC AT 1-800-424-9300.FIRE Small Fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. Large Fires: Water Spray, fog or regular foam. SPILL OR LEAK Shut off ignition sources, no flares, smoking or flames in hazard area. Keep combustible (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. FIRST AID Move victim to fresh air and call emergency medical are, if not breathing, give artificial respiration, if breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

Numerical index of emergencyaction guides as referenced fromthe yellow and blue pages

Fire or explosion data Potential health hazards Protective clothing requirements Evacuation considerations Spill or leak considerations First aid considerations

ORANGE PAGES

EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDES



TABLE OF INITIAL ISOLATION AND PROTECTIVE ACTION DISTANCES

1005 Ammonia

1005 Ammonia, Anhydrous, liquefied

1005 Ammonia Solutions, with more than 50% ammonia

1005 Anhydrous Ammonia

1008 Boron Trifluoride

1016 Carbon Monoxide

1017 Chlorine

1023 Coal Gas

1026 Cyanogen

1026 Cyanogen, liquefied

ID# NAME OF MATERIAL

FirstISOLATE

in allDirection

(feet)

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.3 2.0

500 0.3 2.0

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.1 1.2

500 0.1 1.1

500 0.1 1.1

Then, PROTECTpersonsDOWNWINDDAY NIGHT(Miles) (Miles)

FirstISOLATE

in allDirection

(feet)

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.8 2.9

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

Then, PROTECTpersonsDOWNWINDDAY NIGHT(Miles) (Miles)

SMALL SPILLS LARGE SPILLS

Table of initial isolation andprotective action distances

Large and small spills - Initial isolation in meters - Initial isolation in feet - Protection in kilometers - Protection in miles - Day criteria - Night criteria

GREEN PAGES


OSHA'S PERCEPTIONOF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM

1. DETAILED WRITTEN SPILL CONTROL PROCEDURES.

2. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS.

3. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF SAFETY TRAINING.

4. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION.

5. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP.


WORK AT WORKING SAFELY

Training is the key to success in managing safety in the work environment. Attitude is also a key factor in maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always will be a team effort, safety starts with each individual employee and concludes with everyone leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families. The person most able to influence your safety environment is you.

Patricia A. Ice Industrial Hygienist

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