E d i s o n J u l e a uN a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s A n dI n f o r m a t i o n A g e n c yO f f i c e o f S p e c t r u m M a n a g e m e n tS p e c t r u m E n g i n e e r i n g A n a l y s i s D i v i s i o n

2 0 2 - 4 8 2 - 1 6 9 4

e j u l e a u @ n t i a . g o v

Spectrum Management Land Mobile Radios

What is Land Mobile Radio (LMR) LMR applications LMR spectrum LMR technologies LMR spectrum management LMR challenges/Future of LMR

10/11/20192

OVERVIEW

LMR: communication tools used by an entity to perform the mission. “PLMRS”

“LMR-not”: communications is the end product. (AT&T, VERIZON, DIGICEL) “CMRS”

10/11/20193

What is LMR?

PLMRS: Private Land Mobile Radio ServicesCMRS: Commercial Land Mobile Radio Services

Terrestrial (Land-based/Mobile) Mission critical communications Dedicated/proprietary/private

customized radio systems One-to-many Push to talk/no dialing Listen-then-Talk Licensed spectrum/unencumbered

10/11/20194

What is LMR?

10/11/20195

What is LMR? LMR in the past

10/11/20196

What is LMR ? LMR now

Public Safety/Non Public Safety Military Transportation Utilities Security Manufacturing

Emergency Operations Storms/Earthquake/Tornados ….FEMA

10/11/20197

What is LMR? LMR Applications

LMR SPECTRUM

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LMR Spectrum

10/11/20199

25-900 MHz (VHF/UHF)

2.6/4.9 GHz and Others - Military

LMR Spectrum

LMR Bands (US)

30-50 Shared 150.8-162 Non-Government 162-174 Shared 406.1-420 U.S. Government 450-470 Non-Government 470-512 Non-Government 800-900 Non-Government

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FREQ (MHz) U.S. Allocations

LMR Spectrum

US LMR Bands and Allocations

Propagation Characteristics Size of Country Range Frequency Re-use Terrain/Vegetation Climate Urbanization Noise Variation over Frequency

10/11/201911

LMR Spectrum Properties to consider for LMR

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Conventional

Legacy FM/Analog Radios

Trunked

Newer Technology (Digital) FDMA/TDMA Technologies

LMR Technology

FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple AccessTDMA: Time Division Multiple Access

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Equipment: Repeater/Base Station Mobile Portable

Operations: Half Duplex Full Duplex Simplex

LMR Technology

Conventional/Trunked

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LMR Technology Conventional LMR

LMR Half Duplex Operations

F1

F2F1F2

RepeaterBase Station

Mobile User

Portable

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LMR Technology Conventional LMR

Base Station

LMR Half DuplexOperations

Dispatch Center

F1

F2

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LMR Technology Conventional LMR

LMR Simplex Operations

F1F1

F1

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LMR Technology

* Source: GAO/DHS

Conventional LMR (multiple towers)

Simplex operations 25-50 MHz, 150-174 MHz

Duplex operations 450-470 MHz 800 MHz

Satellite Simulcast

10/11/201918

LMR Technology

CONVENTIONAL LMR Operations

10/11/201919

Pros Works/Simple/Still in Use! Low cost Multi-Sites Analog

Cons Limited Privacy Restricted/Rigid Architecture Dedicated Frequencies Inefficient (spectrally)

LMR Technology

Conventional Network

10/11/201920

LMR Technology Trunking LMR

“automation”

Base Station

F1

F2

System Monitoring Network Management

Central Controller Master Site

Portables

Mobiles

Repeater

10/11/201921

Backbone Network

BS

System Monitoring Network Management

BS BS BS

Central Controller Master Site

Mobiles

Portables

LMR Technology Trunked Network

10/11/201922

RF SubSystem (RFSS)

RF SubSystem (RFSS)

Inter RF SubSystem Interface (ISSI)

Base station or fixed station

Base station or fixed station

Base station or fixed station

Fixed Station Interface

ConsoleConsole

Console Interface

Common Air Interface

Mobile and portable radios

Data Network Interface

Subscriber data peripheral interface

Public Switched Telephone NetworkTelephone

Interconnect Interface

Network ManagementNetwork Management Interface

Backhaul

LMR Technology

Trunked Network

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Pros Scalable Interoperability Higher Capacity Efficiency (spectrum) Security More Services (digital) PSTN (Land Line Connection)

Cons Costly More Complex Digital

LMR Technology

Trunked Network

10/11/201924

Service Counter Service Counter

Service Employee (Freq)

Customer (LMR user)

Conventional Trunked

Trunked vs. Conventional Network

LMR Technology

10/11/201925

P25 (APCO) TETRA TETRAPOL DMR iDEN

Trunking StandardsLMR Technology

APCO: Association of Public safety Communications OfficialsTETRA: TErrestrial Trunked RAdiosDMR: Digital Mobile RadiosiDEN: integrated Enhanced Digital NetworkTETRAPOL: TETRA Police

10/11/201926

Interoperability Encryption Multi-source vendors FDMA /TDMA Simulcast High Data Speeds (up to 28.8 kbps) Applications

P25/TETRA Standards

LMR Technology

Available Spectrum Technological Advances Promote Spectrum Efficiency Public Safety Long Term Planning for LMR

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Mission

LMR Spectrum Management

Allocate LMR Spectrum LMR Band Plans LMR Regulations

(Standards/Emission masks interference tools, freq. assignment)

Border Coordination

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Functions

LMR Spectrum Management

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LMR Spectrum Management LMR Border Coordination

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47 CFR Part 90 NTIA Manual (Chapter 5) NTIA LMR Reports FCC/OET Reports TIA TSB 88

LMR Spectrum Management

LMR Spectrum Regulations (US)

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Spectrum XXI ATDI Annex I ITM - Propagation Longley Rice

LMR Spectrum Management

LMR - Computer tools (US)

LMR Regulations -Technical Specifications

10/11/201932

Frequencies Power Antenna Gain Channel Spacing Range- radius of operations OOB/Spurious emissions Grade of Service (GoS) Safety and health issues

LMR Spectrum Management

10/11/201933

Spectrum Congestion Migration to 6.25 kHz voice/data

channels! 2.6/4.9 GHz LMR Software Defined Radios Standardization (P25) Satellite services

LMR CHALLENGES

Going Forward

LMR continues to be relevant in spectrum management

More licensed spectrum for LMR Final Phase of Trunking STDs

(P25/TETRA…etc.) US FirstNet

10/11/201934

Going Forward

Nationwide LTE Wireless Network for First Responders (Public Safety)

20 MHz (700 MHz Band)“D Block” (758-763 MHz/788-793 MHz) (769-775 MHz)/799-805 MHz)

3GPP Architecture 4G LTE Deployment started (2018)

10/11/201935

Going Forward

FirstNet: First Responder Network Authority

10/11/201936

Going Forward

LMR Fixed BW Channels/Throughput Pre-Configured Channels

(12.5/6.25 kHz) Localized (geographically) Does Not Support Data

10/11/201937

Going ForwardLMR

FirstNet

10/11/201938

FirstNet Devices Going Forward

10/11/201939

Private/Control Immediacy Reliability/Availability Coverage Standardization/interoperable Multibillion $$$ Industry !!!

Summary LMR not going away

10/11/201940

www.fcc.govwww.tiaonline.orgwww.etsi.orgwww.npstc.orgwww.ntia.doc.gov

NTIA Report 08-451NTIA Report 05-452NTIA Report 07-447NTIA Report 06-440

References/Resources/Links

10/11/201941

Thank you

Questions ???

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EXTRA SLIDES

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LMR Spectrum

10/11/201944

LMR Band Plans (406.1-420 MHz)LMR Spectrum Management

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Frequency(MHz)

30 50 160 450 900

Re-use Distance (km)

225 200 177 160 145

LMR Spectrum

* Based on HAAT/ERP

Frequency Re-use