special supplement to geomedia journal issue n¡ 3 … · deterministic form, as manual surveys...

Special Supplement to GEOmedia Journal Issue n°3-2016 15

INTERGEO Special Supplement to GEOmedia Journal Issue n° 3-2016

www.intergeo.de

WELCOME TO THE ZEB REVOLUTIONBY STUART CADGE

A SURVEY FROM UAV IN CRITICAL

AREAS: THE ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN

AREAS WITH

COMPLEX TERRAINBY ZAIRA BAGLIONE

32

STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A GIS FOR FIRE-FIGHTING ACTIVITIES BASED ON INSPIRE DIRECTIVE BY

ANDREA MARIA LINGUA, MARCO

PIRAS, MARIA ANGELA MUSCI,

FRANCESCA NOARDO, NIVES

GRASSO, VITTORIO VERDA

28

SPATIAL SURVEY OF URBAN

ENVIRONMENTSBY LUIGI COLOMBO AND

BARBARA MARANA 16

SMART

CITY

NEWS36

22

16 Special Supplement to GEOmedia Journal Issue n. 3-2016

INTERGEO

The technological in-novation in survey techniques has nowa-

days led to the development of automated systems, with com-bined multi-functional sensors including laser scanning, GNSS receivers and imaging. These devices can perform on field metric operations, ranging from spatial modelling, geo-referenc-ing of objects in an assigned coordinate system, fast spatial reconstructions of interiors or exteriors and roofs, with the

related thematic information (colour, materials, decay).The automatic sensors allow to mainly collect point clouds, from the ground, from road vehicles or small remotely pi-loted aircraft (Unmanned Arial Systems). This redundant mass of data simplifies the survey process, increasing productivity for 3D modelling and derived sub-products (vector-raster), such as perspective views, eleva-tions, orthophotos, horizontal and vertical sections, thematic maps, etc.

Present technologies and techniquesPoint clouds are today the first source of spatial information (also texturized with colours or reflected energy). The clouds are generated by automated survey techniques, without contact, and represent the basis for creating the so-called Digital Surface Models.Terrestrial and air-transported laser scanning has been till now the main way to generate on-line point clouds; more recently,

the research in Computer Vision has deeply transformed imaging survey, allowing the off-line extraction of point clouds from image blocks. One speaks in this case of Dense Image Matching, referring to the software procedures which guarantee this technologic en-hancement.It is known that the point cloud collection does not occur in a deterministic form, as manual surveys (the meaningful points, only), but in a stochastic way, with the surveyed points which become the nodes of a sampling grid superimposed over the ob-jects.The grid step depends on se-lected spatial resolution, meas-urement distance, laser beam impact (normality, obliquity) and morphologic surface irregu-larities.The transition from the grid nodes to the interest points is then performed by applying lo-cal interpolation processes.Much is known and has been written these years about scan-ning systems and associated

The paper deals some experimental

benchmarks regarding urban environment

modelling. The employed techniques,

which automatically collected point clouds

and created the DSM, are terrestrial laser

scanning, with a direct GNSSRTK

geo-referencing, and UAS imagery.

by Luigi Colombo and Barbara Marana

SPATIAL SURVEY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

Fig. 1 - Nadir and oblique images.

Fig. 3 - A perspective view of S. Pellegrino Terme inside the point model.


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procedures, much less, perhaps, about the bi-centennial imag-ing survey. This technique was indeed overcome at the end of the previous century by the advent and fast development of laser scanning and only recently it is coming back thanks to Computer Vision support and to remotely piloted aircrafts. However, this cannot be con-sidered a return to the past but rather a “back to the future” (as written by someone), because the technological scenario has now significantly changed (pro-cessing algorithms and so on).Laser technology nevertheless provides the relevant advantage (thanks to the measured station-point distance) that just one single ray has to be reflected from an object point for its 3D determination; on the contrary, imagery survey needs at least two homologous reflected rays (from different sensor locations) for each object point and some measured information on the

point model, as well.Additionally, if problems arise in laser scanning applications, regarding reflective, transparent and translucent surfaces (met-als, marble, paints, glass, etc.), also for imagery approach the surveyed objects must present a meaningful geometry and the-matic characters, such as non-uniform or not smooth and monochrome surfaces and few shadows. These conditions are necessary to allow automatic recognition of homologous points among corresponding frames: the process is performed by means of digital image correlation al-gorithms, with the support of epipolar geometry to speed up the search.The acquisition phase registers a block of photos, longitudinally and transversally overlapped ac-cording to the type of selected survey (2D or 3D) (fig. 1): aerial nadir or oblique images are collected through horizontal strips (ground survey) together with normal or oblique shoot-ings belonging to vertical strips (façade survey). The aerial carrier brings survey sensors and navigational devices (GNSS+INS) for recording real-time position and attitude of the photo-camera: this enables both autonomous flights, via pre-defined way-points, and a geo-referencing process based on GNSS-RTK or PPK techniques

(the so-called Direct Photogrammetry).Remotely piloted small aircrafts (UAS) are vertical take-off and landing carriers, with hovering functions (the so-called multi-rotorcrafts), or fixed-wing aircrafts. All systems are equipped with a stabilized platform to overcome spatial rotations produced by flight, air turbulence or wind, and can carry a payload, that is the sen-sors for survey. The UASs allow lower flight-heights, compared with manned aircrafts; so, a larger image scale is collected, with the same value of camera focal length, and higher levels of de-tail and height accuracy.Certainly, the lower flight height increases the forward motion effects on the image, re-sulting in blurring phenomena; it is possible to limit this prob-lem both by reducing the cruise speed and well combining stops, shutter time and sensitiv-ity (ISO) of the digital sensor.So, the motion blur can be kept within the pixel size of the pho-to and the relative object settle-ment inside the GSD parameter (Ground Sampling Distance).Some experiences regarding multi-sensor survey for territory documentation were recently performed at the University of Bergamo by the Geomatics group: two applications of them are described below.

Fig. 2 - Direct geo-referencing for scanning survey.

Fig. 4 - A 3D view of the point model for the ancient bridge. Fig. 5 - 3D model: a bank of the Brembo river with hotels and restaurants.


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The first experience: the multi-scale survey

of S. Pellegrino Terme This application regards the

multi-scale survey with terres-trial laser scanning realized over the urban land of S. Pellegrino Terme, a small ancient town close to Bergamo (northern Italy).Advanced laser-scanning tech-nologies were used, with a remarkable attention to the needed level of detail and with a careful look at buildings, their decorations and history. The reconstructed model was also utilized to create a virtual walk-through for land investigation. The performed survey has pointed out the original devel-opment of this settlement, de-signed for leisure and wellness, which was followed early by a gradual decadence that only new ideas and a renewed love for the site could overcome. The standards for urban model construction and management (city modelling) were pro-posed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) with the CityGML: these models are typically multi-scale 3D appli-cations, ranging from landscape simulation to urban planning, from managing calamities to safety monitoring, etc.A modelling process requires the selection of geometric enti-ties according to the chosen level of detail (LoD) and the attribution of textures for aug-menting realism. This way, the survey approach for S. Pellegrino Terme documenta-tion was established, together with the set of data to collect.It is known that laser scanning and imaging provide a dense object-point cloud, which can be geo-referenced in an assigned coordinate system. The geo-ref-erencing is performed either in-directly, through control points

(pre-marked and measured on the object) and matching proce-dures based on natural features, or directly using satellite posi-tioning and orientation devices.The localization quality is en-hanced through differential positioning techniques via Internet corrections (code or phase), transmitted from a GNSS reference networks: a few centimetre accuracy (at 95% likelihood) is guaranteed, either interactively via a RTK approach or in Post-Processing (PPK). In the described ap-plication, the GNSS reference network (NetGeo), by Topcon Positioning, was used.The direct geo-referencing, without control points and an alignment phase, is particu-larly convenient in applications

regarding large areas (requir-ing several scans) when a level of detail equal or lower than LoD2-3 (likewise the scale 1:200 or smaller) is required.Obviously, where the satellite signal is not guaranteed, due to urban obstructions, indirect or mixed geo-referencing have to be applied. Anyway, it is useful to select some check points (CP), among the control points (GCP), to assess the final accuracy of the process.Figure 2 shows the adopted scheme for capturing direct geo-referenced object points: a laser scanner was used (Faro) and two satellite receivers (Topcon), fitted with a bracket respectively over the scanner and on an ori-entation point; both the receiv-

Fig. 6 - Orthographic elevations of the Spa-buildings, extracted from the point model.

Fig. 7 - A view of the monastic complex in Albino


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ers, which operated in static-rapid mode, were connected via Internet to NetGeo for a fine RTK positioning in the Italian reference system (ETRF 2000). The set of direct geo-referenced scanning stations also provided a pseudo GNSS network, able to act as a geodetic support.The collected point clouds were altogether 200, with an average spatial resolution of 100 mm in the useful range (10÷350) m; the computer storage has been globally around 26 GB. S. Pellegrino Terme, a small tourist settlement today, was very fashionable last century in the world of entrepreneurial bourgeoisie. The town is lo-cated along the narrow Brembo valley (north of the city of Bergamo): famous for the heal-ing waters, it stands out in the local landscape with the undis-puted charm of its architectures and the elegance of the urban environment.Among the artistic treasures, it must be remembered the municipal Club-House (1904-1906), with two towers remi-niscent of the famous one in Monte Carlo (Principality of Monaco), and the impressive Grand Hotel (1904), along the Brembo river, with the large front full of decorations. The Grand Hotel is connected to the Club-House and the Spa buildings, located on the right bank of the river, through the bridge “Principe Umberto I”. All these structures were real-ized at the beginning of the nineteenth century in the years of Belle Époque and Art Nouveau. The terrestrial scanning survey was performed in a multi-level detail, ranging from OGC-LoD2 and OGC-LoD4, and corresponding to the scales from 1:500 to 1:100. A Faro laser scanner (Focus

X330) was utilized, with a built-in photo-camera; this scanner, characterized by a long range (around 350 m), is particularly effective for 3D survey of large territorial spaces because it al-lows a meaningful reduction of the instrumental stations needed to capture information (see figures 3, 4, 5, 6). Good results were generally obtained, despite some defi-ciencies in the building-roof documentation, thanks to the favorable hilly morphology and the large range provided by the scanning device.The roof knowledge could be better realized through an addi-tional survey from above, using UAS techniques.

The other experience: the UAS survey of the Dehonian complexThe religious complex of Dehonian fathers, is located in Albino, a small town in the val-ley of Serio, the river flowing down from the mountains sur-rounding Bergamo.This Apostolic school was built in 1910; during the years of World War II it became a kind of big ark hosting people evacuated from their homes and moved to Albino, which was considered safer from the bombing risk.In 1944 a part of the complex was occupied by the Italian mil-itary, who remained there until early 1945; during the war, the little town was bombed but the Apostolic school was luckily spared. In the following years, until 1991, the structure served as Diocesan Seminary; when this activity ceased, the complex of buildings was renovated to cre-ate a meeting point for spiritu-ality (fig. 7), still active.The imaging survey (using a hexa-copter) aimed to provide a

spatial model of the built area, including roofs, for documenta-tion and maintenance purposes. The model, with a level of detail equal to 1:200 scale, was performed by:- a nadir image coverage with horizontal (parallel) strips (fig. 8a) from heights less than 50 m, taken by a Sony photo-camera with a 14.2 MP CMOS sensor (fixed focal length of 16 mm); the image overlaps were between 80% and 60% and the carrier speed around 5 m/s.- some up and down vertical strips over the façades, with oblique images taken at a sur-face distance around 10 m (fig. 8b).It is known that an image-based survey can be performed us-ing algorithms, techniques and software ranging from those of

Fig. 8a – The flight planning for the nadir image coverage.

Fig. 8b – Vertical strips with oblique images.

Fig. 7 - A view of the monastic complex in Albino


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classical Photogrammetry to the modern ones of Computer Vision; some well-known pack-ages for imaging are shown in figure 9.The collected nadir and oblique images for the religious com-plex (fig. 10), around 400 pho-tos, were used to generate a 3D model through a dense image matching, performed inside the Swiss-made Pix4D Mapper, a software of Computer Vision.About thirty Ground Control Points, for block adjustment and geo-referencing (Italian Reference System - ETRF 2000),

were targeted over some se-lected details (on ground and roofs), measured by direct topographic methods (accuracy equal to a few centimetres) and then observed over the images. Figure 11 points out the geo-referenced orthomosaic per-formed from the set of photos and regarding the main cloister; figure 12 shows the correspond-ent 3D reconstruction through a perspective view with photo-textures.It is interesting to observe that the imaging model has resulted a bit more smoothed in com-parison with those performed through a laser scanning ap-proach.

Final remarks The described experiences have highlighted the great poten-tiality that laser scanning and UAS imagery can offer for a

multi-scale analysis of urban land. This is the result of the meaningful development now achieved in the acquisition phase, the deep ease allowed by automation and the increased reliability. The software has once more had a central role for an effective point cloud man-agement and raster-vector pro-duction. The support of GNSS-RTK technology has been useful for cloud connection (direct and automatic); besides, GNSS and INS units represents a fundamental basis for au-tonomous aerial navigation and positioning. Surely, the integra-tion between laser scanning and UAS imagery will become more and more interesting, to allow a complete photo-realistic model of urban environments; anyway, some security aspects have to be still improved in relation to air-craft standards and flights.

AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the students Lorenzo Filippini, Riccardo Begnis and Daniela Piantoni, who developed their master theses in Building Engineering, and Eng. Giorgio Ubbiali of DMStrumenti for the technological support in the measurement campaign.

Fig. 9 - Software for imaging.

Fig. 10 - The set of collected nadir and horizontal images.

Fig. 11 - A geo-referenced orthomosaic for the main cloister.

Fig. 12 - A 3D view regarding the reconstructed photorealistic model of the complex.


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REFERENCESB. Bhandari, U. Oli, N. Panta, U. Pudasaini (2015) - Generation of high resolution DSM using UAV images - FIG Working Week 2015 - Sofia - May 2015L. Colombo, B. Marana (2015) - Terrestrial multi-sensor sur-vey for urban modelling - Geoinformatics, 3-2015H. Hirschmueller (2011) - Semi-Global Matching - Motivation, developments and applications - Proceedings of Photogrammetric Week 2011, Stuttgart - WichmannJ.N. Lee, K.C. Kwak (2014) - A trends analysis of image pro-cessing in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle International Journal of Computer, Information Science and Engineering, 8(2)M. Naumann, G. Grenzdoerffer (2016) - Reconstructing a church in 3D - GIM International, 2-2016R. Pacey, P. Fricker (2005) - Forward Motion Compensation (FMC) - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, November 2005R. Szeliski (2011) - Computer Vision: Algorithms and applica-tions - Springer - New York

KEYWORDSLand documentation; point-cloud analysis; laser scanning; UAS imagery

ABSTRACTThe paper deals some experimental benchmarks regarding urban environ-ment modelling. The first application has been performed over the small thermal settlement of S. Pellegrino Terme, famous in northern Italy both for the healing waters and for its rich Art Noveau architectural decora-tions; the second test is the documentation of the religious complex of Dehonians in Albino, a little town close to Bergamo (Italy).The employed techniques, which automatically collected point clouds and created the DSM, are terrestrial laser scanning, with a direct GNSS-RTK geo-referencing, and UAS imagery.

AUTHORLuigi [email protected]

Barbara Marana [email protected] of Bergamo DISA - Geomatics GroupDalmine (Italy)

Fig. 11 - A geo-referenced orthomosaic for the main cloister.

http://www.sister.it

http://www.sister.it

mailto:[email protected]


INTERGEO

The surveying industry has witnessed rapid changes in the last

few years - the increased use of mobile surveying devices and the utilisation of LiDAR technology (Light Detection And Ranging) to produce 3-di-mensional point clouds of the survey subject are two such ex-amples. Another major shift is the mapping of indoor spaces, utilising technology that does not rely on GPS. Leading the fore in all of these technologies is GeoSLAM, a young, vibrant technology company based in the UK.

GeoSLAM specialises in the manufacture and supply of indoor, handheld mobile sur-veying units; the ZEB1 and the new ZEB-REVO, launched in March 2016.

Strong BeginningsGeoSLAM was founded in 2012 as a joint venture between CSIRO (Australia’s National Science Agency and the inven-tors of WiFi) and 3D Laser Mapping (a leading global pro-vider of 3D LIDAR solutions). Coming from such strong pedi-gree has allowed GeoSLAM to grow rapidly in both range and scope, currently incorporating a global distribution network of 35 agents across 6 continents. GeoSLAM launched their first mobile scanner, the ZEB1, in Q4 of 2013. With its spring-mounted head and nodding movement, the ZEB1 quickly

gained notoriety and popular-ity. Early adopters were amazed by the speed of scanning, the ease of use and the quality of the results. Data process-ing was also a simple process – customers simply ‘drag and drop’ their raw datasets onto an online Uploader, in order to register and process their scan. In a matter of minutes, fully-registered 3D point clouds were obtained. However, GeoSLAM did not rest on their laurels. The tech-nology industry moves quickly, and GeoSLAM knew that a second, more sophisticated solution was required. ZEB1 customers spoke of their desire for a truly-mobile scanner – one that wasn’t just handheld. They also wanted a fuller, more even point cloud that the 40Hz ZEB1 could produce. When the customers spoke, GeoSLAM listened.

The REVOlution BeginsIn March 2016, the ZEB-REVO was launched. Featuring an in-built motor to create 360o rotation, the REVO can, like the ZEB1, be handheld. However, it can also be mount-ed onto an extending pole, fastened to a backpack, secured to a trolley or vehicle, even strapped to a UAV for aerial surveys.

In this article we will introduce

the ZEB-REVO, and the attributes

that make this a unique piece

of surveying hardware. We will

discuss how the ZEB-REVO is

shaking up the surveying market,

and will look at a number of

industry applications in which the

ZEB-REVO is making a difference.

by Stuart Cadge

Fig. 1 - The ZEB-REVO in action – handheld, pole-mounted, backpack-mounted – a truly versatile tool.

Welcome to the ZEB REVOlution

Fig. 2 - Comparison of ZEB1 data (left) and ZEB-REVO data (right) Image courtesy of Opti-cal Survey Equipment.


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Fig. 3 - Building surveys (such as this family-sized home) are completed in minutes, not hours, with the ZEB-REVO.

The autonomous motion of the motorised scan head opens up a world of new applications for this clever little scanner. Little being the operative word; weighing just over 4kg (includ-ing the backpack) and with the scanner head measuring 9 x 11 x 29cm, this is a surveying tool that is truly mobile. It’s not just the outside that has evolved – inside the scan-ner head is a powerful yet safe (Class 1 Eye safe) 100Hz laser – making an impressive 100 rota-tions/second. The unit collects the same number of points per second as the ZEB1 – 43,200. So what’s the advantage of this faster speed?The increased scan speed (over 2.5 times faster than the ZEB1) means that the collected data points are spread out more evenly over a greater number of scan lines - giving the appear-ance of smoother, cleaner and less noisy datasets. More impor-tantly, this even distribution of points allows the world-beating SLAM algorithm to work bet-ter. The SLAM algorithm works by dividing the scanned surface into sectors, and identifying points within each sector. If a sector is devoid of points, then it cannot be included in the algorithm. So, by having a more even distribution of points, the SLAM algorithm can build a fuller, more complete point cloud.The difference is clear to see. Compare the two images below of the same elevation. The view on the left is ZEB1 data, which

is characterised by a striated, lined appearance. There are a few gaps, especially higher up the elevation where the scan lines have hit the elevation at a more acute angle. The right hand view is the same elevation captured with a ZEB-REVO. The point cloud is cleaner and the points are more evenly distributed – cre-ating a much more ‘complete’ looking point cloud. Not only does this provide better results, it also supplies the user with vitally important confidence in the kit.

Versatility in ActionThe upshot of these technologi-cal advances is the sheer num-ber of new applications and industries that are now open to scanning with the ZEB-REVO. Whether it is simply improv-ing an existing workflow of the ZEB1 (i.e. stockpile surveys and building scans) or opening up brand new uses (i.e. man-hole and suspended ceilings, utility trenches) versatility is the word for the ZEB-REVO. A number of these new and im-

proved applications are featured below.

Building SurveysBuilding surveys have long been the ‘bread and butter’ work of the ZEB1 – the simplicity, ease of use, highly mobile nature of the unit lends it perfectly to multi-level, indoor structures. The ZEB-REVO has simply improved and built upon this success. The increased scan speed creates a fuller, more complete point cloud, reducing the number of areas with low coverage. The ability to rapidly unscrew the handle and attach an extending pole allows the user to reach into spaces that may not other-wise have been available – into loft spaces, suspended ceilings, even to ‘poke’ the unit out of windows in order to obtain overlaps with the building ex-terior.

Underground MappingAnother staple of the ZEB1, underground mapping includes both mine and cave surveys. Similarly to buildings, under-

Fig. 4 - The ZEB-RE-VO in action – hand-held, pole-mounted, backpack-mounted – a truly versatile tool.


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ground is the perfect environment for ZEB

systems, being devoid of GPS, totally enclosed, and

often with many unique fea-tures for the SLAM algorithm to work with. Not only have ZEB systems been proven to in-crease survey quality and detail (over traditional survey meth-ods), they have also slashed sur-vey times by a factor of 3. A major advantage of the ZEB-REVO in these environments is safety – and the ability for the REVO to access areas that hu-man users cannot. The autono-mous nature of the ZEB-REVO allows the unit to be attached to a remote-controlled trolley system and sent into areas that are either too small to access, or that are hazardous to health. The image shows the ZEB-REVO head mounted onto the front of a remote-controlled trolley in a mine. The datalog-ger sits just behind the head in the body of the trolley. The trolley was sent into a restricted area of the mine that was inac-cessible to people, allowed to scan, and returned to its start-ing position.

StockpilesAnother area of application where both the ZEB1 and ZEB-REVO excel. With these mobile scanning units, stock-piles of all varieties can be sur-veyed in a matter of minutes. The survey data can then be easily imported into a variety of third party software packages,

where volumetric calculations can be carried out in minutes.The advantages of the REVO in this application are complete coverage and continuous scan-ning. A potential pitfall of using the ZEB1 for stockpile scan-ning was the chance that areas would be missed, especially the very top of the pile. It is not advisable to walk on the stock-pile for obvious safety reasons. Therefore, a pole-mounted ZEB-REVO can be utilised to ensure that complete coverage of the stockpile is obtained, allowing for a complete point cloud model, and therefore, a more accurate volume calcula-tion. The second major ad-vantage is the ability to simply wall-mount the unit. For many stockpile applications (and par-ticularly for indoor stockpiles), continuous analysis of the stockpile is required. With a re-motely operated, wall-mounted unit, this is now a reality. It is simply a case for the unit to be switched on when a survey is required, and the autonomous motion will carry out the scan. The 360o vertical by 270o hori-zontal field of view (i.e. just a 90o blind spot to the rear) en-sures that no parts of the pile are missed..

MarineA rather newer application for the ZEB systems is in the world of marine surveying. Anybody who has been on a marine ves-sel will know that space is at a premium; this is even more so

when it comes to submarine vessels. A number of marine authorities and businesses have a require-ment to accurately but rapidly survey their stock, either for the purposes of creating 2-di-mensional blueprints, or for the creation of 3-dimensional, fully interactive models. Both the ZEB1 and the ZEB-REVO can be rapidly deployed in a marine environment, and used to create a 3-dimensional point cloud of these hugely complex environments.

ForestryThought that ZEB units were for indoor use only? Think again. The ZEB1 and ZEB-REVO work best in ‘enclosed’ environments – not necessarily just indoor ones. A typical for-est will naturally be considered to be an ‘enclosed’ environment by the unit, as the tree canopy creates a natural ‘ceiling’. Coupled with the proliferation of unique features that a forest holds, and it can be seen that forests are the perfect environ-ment for ZEB scanners.Over the summer of 2016, a number of different forestry studies are being carried out using the ZEB-REVO scanner. The first of these studies, car-ried out by the Geography de-partment of University College London (UCL), focussed on measuring small deformations in the ground topography of a mechanically-harvested area of forestry.

Fig. 6 - Cross section through the engine room of a marine ves-sel captured with the ZEB-REVO.

Fig. 5 - Stockpile scanning is madesimple with the pole-mounted ZEB-REVO.


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From the data collected, the team were able to create a cm-accurate digital elevation model (DEM) spanning 100s of square metres. This data is then being used to measure the outputs of methane (CH4) from these areas of felled forestry. Another study, conducted in relation with the University of Leicester, involves the map-ping of varying forestry habitats across the UK. The aim of this study is to make comparisons between different forestry habi-tats across the UK, and also to combine the data captured with the handheld ZEB-REVO with data captured from above, using spaceborne-rader and UAV-based imagery. On a simpler note, both ZEB units can be utilised to rapidly and accurately scan an area of forestry, to obtain the point cloud data, and to make cuts or sections in the data at certain heights. One such important height is the breast height di-ameter (BHD), which is a mea-surement taken at 4.5 foot from the ground. This measurement is then used to create an esti-

mate for the biomass of the area of forestry in question.

Security and Contingency MappingA final and possibly unex-pected use for both ZEB units is in the ever-growing realm of security. In an increasingly uncertain world, governments, police forces, security agencies and indeed even companies are increasingly security-conscious and are turning to new technol-ogies to increase their security. ZEB1 units have been in use by a number of police forces since their launch in 2013. Their speed, ease of use and high mobility make them the perfect tool for capturing the details of a crime scene, accident scene, or for mapping a building or site of interest. In the case where speed is of the essence (for ex-ample, after a RTC on a major road) the ZEB unit can be de-ployed in seconds, with a scan complete in a few minutes. This allows for a fully 3 dimensional image, accurate to within a few centimetres, to be gained. The development of the au-

tonomous ZEB-REVO has obvious benefits in these areas. In the case of a crime scene, the pole-mounted ZEB-REVO may be deployed, to ensure that areas of interest are not touched or disturbed.Where there is a risk to human health (for example, a bomb threat, or an unsecure build-ing), the REVO can be trolley mounted (as in mining) and sent in alone to scan the area of interest. It is our prediction that the realms of security and recon-naissance, there will be increas-ing demand for this type of rapid, mobile, versatile survey-ing tools.

The FutureSo what does the future hold for GeoSLAM? In a rap-idly growing, rapidly chang-ing industry, standing still is quite simply not an option. GeoSLAM will continue to respond to new challenges, new technological developments, and to identify new areas of ap-plication. Be sure to pay atten-tion to forthcoming GeoSLAM announcements, to hear more about these highly exciting de-velopments in the pipeline.

KEYWORDSGeoSLAM; ZEB-REVO; scan

ABSTRACTGeoSLAM is a manufacturer and sup-plier of handheld, 3D mobile mapping systems. Founded in 2012 andheadquartered in the UK, GeoSLAM now has a global distribution network of 35 distributors across six continents.

AUTHORStuart Cadge,Pre Sales Engineer at GeoSLAMFor more information, please visit [email protected]

Fig. 7 - 3D data of a vehicle captured with the ZEB-REVO in minutes. The suspicious package is high-lighted red.

Fig. 8 - Point cloud data of an area of forestry with a section taken at BHD height for bio-mass calculation.


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http://www.italdron.com


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The activities connected to the forest-fire fight-ing could be essentially

divided in three parts: before, during and after the fire.In these activities, the most complex are the monitoring and management of at-risk fire zones and fire-fighting procedures es-pecially for large fires (> 40ha). In the case of “big fire”, which are fires with a very large exten-sion, the main problem is the coordination between the hu-man resources (ground, marine and air) which work to fight the fires. This aspect is more

critical when the fire is across the boundary, because there is not a European protocol for interventions and each country has different procedures and CONOPS (concept of opera-tions). Thus becomes clear the complex reality that competent authorities must handle in such emergencies (Andrews and Ro-thermel 1982; Bovio 1993; Teie 2005). The AF3 project (Advanced For-est Fire Fighting) is part of the 7th Framework Program and it is focused on the prevention and the management of big forest-

fires through the development of innovative techniques. The AF3 purpose is to improve the efficiency of fire-fighting opera-tions in progress and the protec-tion of human lives and heritage by developing innovative tech-nologies to ensure the integra-tion between existing and new systems. Furthermore, the AF3 project aims to increase inter-operability among firefighting supports (Chuvieco et al 2010). The project defines a unique control center devoted to coor-dinate all activities, from moni-toring to the intervention on field. Among the technological aspects, the project provides the design of an SDI platform (Spa-tial Data Infrastructure) which is essentially based on a GIS (Geographic Information Sys-tem). In the following sections, GIS model proposed for a part of the system will be described. This GIS is structured according to INSPIRE ( Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) Directive.

In the past years, the European Union has

invested in the development of the INSPIRE

Directive to support environmental policies

and actually EU is currently working on

developing "ad hoc" infrastructures for the

safe management of forests and fires.

by Andrea Maria Lingua, Marco Piras, Maria Angela Musci, Francesca

Noardo, Nives Grasso, Vittorio Verda

Study and development ofa GIS for fire-fighting activities

based on INSPIRE directive

Fig. 1 – External model definition.

Fig. 2 Steps to create AF3 Database in PostgreSQL and Q-GIS.


INTERGEO

GIS and fire-fighting: a brief description of theEuropean scenarioCurrently, in Europe there are already several GIS useful for de-cision support at different stages of fire management. However, the opportunity to have both updated or real-time data, and a complete and consistent in-formation, is often missing. Es-pecially it is difficult to have an actual data interoperability with the existing available technolo-gies. In most cases, the informa-tion collected in the GIS are in-complete and they concern only one phase of the overall man-agement process. There are, in-deed, systems used, exclusively, for prediction or for planning or emergency control. In this way, a lot of information is lost. How-ever, this historical information could be helpful to make more comprehensive the tool for deci-sion support. Furthermore, it lacks a central system to register distribution and availability of resources in risk periods, stand-ardized systems for fires registry and systematic registration sys-tems of firefighting operations. Finally, the metadata of the ob-served maps are not always avail-able and the data validity is im-possible to be determined.For example, in Europe, Web-GIS known as EFFIS (European Forest Fire Information System http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ef-fis/) was developed by the JRC (Joint Research Centre). This GeoDB, still under construc-tion, records only the data re-lated to fire risk analysis and the occurred fires in Europe.

Description of the GIS in AF3 In order to propose an innova-tive GIS platform devoted to support the big forest fires man-agement, the following activities must be considered: forecast-ing, monitoring, planning, ac-

tive fight and post-fire practices. Nowadays, the modern system is not designed for a specific end-user and it stands out for its ver-satility. However, it is possible to establish different authorization for different users and method of use.In order to realize the dedicated GIS for AF3, the traditional modelling process was followed. As well known, needs to pass from the complexity of the real-ity to a formal schema describ-ing entities and tools used in fire-fighting operations.

External ModelThe first step was the develop-ment of an external model. In this model, the useful informa-tion could be gathered in three categories of objects: the compe-tent authorities (command), the objects to be protected (terri-tory), the event and the ignition point (fire and hotspot) (Figure 1). In the case of AF3, there is only one control center that handles local operations centers, the terrestrial and aerial troops. The command center (command center) is the national control center. Local operations centers (operating center) are in charge to monitor and to fill register of the fire cadaster and the mission re-port. Instead, the teams (operat-ing team) take care of active fight on the field.

Conceptual andLogical Model(INSPIRE oriented)Next steps are the definition of conceptual and logical mod-els. Therefore, these stages con-sist in identification of entities, attributes, definition of relation-ships between the entities and the data formats. The INSPIRE directive, thus, provides funda-mentals for completely defining the information layers closely related to the land description (e.g. digital terrain model and digital surface model), the event progression (e.g. time) and me-teorological data (e.g. wind direction and speed, tempera-ture, humidity). This European specification has a general na-ture, which needs to be suitably extended for adapting to the specific application. Some “ad hoc” entities are added in order to consider the data related to the command chain, fuel model and forest types definition (Bur-gan et al, 1998; Baskets 1999 Baskets 2002; Han Shuting et al 1987).Currently, it is necessary to highlight that in Italy, as in Eu-rope, a systematic survey and monitoring of the forests are missing. Moreover, standardized methodology for the prepara-tion of suitable fuel models does not exist.

Fig. 3 – Flow-chart of alarm trigger.


INTERGEO

Considering these as-pects, an approximation on the fuel models has

been done. In particular, in Italy, the only achieved result is

a regional classification of forest types, but it cannot be consid-ered equally valid for the calcu-lation of the danger indexes. The development of this issue would improve our capacity of fire fore-casting and, consequently, in the fire-fighting management.

Internal ModelOpen source platforms were chosen to implement the da-tabase. Specifically, PgAdmin III were used to manage the database PosgreSQL with its spatial extension PostGIS and the graphical interface. This software allows the creation of tables and relationships, the implementation of triggers and queries, the realization of views for users and different uses and finally the semi-automatic in-put of data. This system is not equipped with a graphical inter-face to visualize the spatial data, therefore a connection with Q-GIS was realized.Thus, the pro-cedure of GeoDB implementa-tion follows the steps shown in Figure 2.A peculiarity of the internal model was the trigger, which is an “ad hoc” procedure for the automatic manipulation (inser-tion, modification and deletion) of information related to a trig-gering event (Perry 1990). To complete the automatic man-agement of the entire system, a large number of triggers must be implemented. Below as ex-ample, it has been described the "trigger" that starts when fire alarm is activated.In this specific case, when the alarm is recorded in the system, the program executes the proce-dure schematically shown in the flow-chart in Figure 3.

Case of study (Sardinia)

DataIn order to test the GIS func-tionalities, a specific test site has been selected. In particular, a database related to South part of the Sardinia (close to Cagliari) has been considered. Therefore, defined a specific area, all fundamental data have been collected, where the most important information are the state of the forests, fuel mod-els, water resource localization, roads and technological net-works, command center, op-erational centers, teams, mete-orological data, hotspots, alarm have been inserted.Using these information layers, which are suitably designed and compiled, using QGIS, it was possible to realize an example

of a query on the system. Since the alarm is activated (Figure 4 - left), the trigger is able to au-tomatically calculate the com-petent command center, the nearest operating center, with the adapted number of men and assets. Finally, in real- time, data of the team and its location can be displayed (Figure 4 - right). On the field, the team will be monitored and managed by the command center, by means of the automatic registration of their coordinates (Figure 5), measuring in real time the team position.

ConclusionThe developed GIS model de-scribes only a part of the “fire prevention and management system” provided by the AF3 project, but its complexity is

Fig. 4 – Example of query: hotspot and operating centre localization (left) and operating team localization (right).

Fig. 5 – Ex-ample of query and trigger visualization. Real time team positioning on the field.


INTERGEO

quite evident. Especially, it underlines that it is difficult (in some case almost impossible), to define exactly some enti-ties (e.g. Fuel model or fuel moisture). Moreo-ver, an unique European procedure does not exist, therefore it is very com-plicated to define the CONOPS and a system with a single command center. The proposed model shows that also the open source platforms allow to realize a complex SDI structure. The triggering system for the automatic procedures allows to add value to SDI, because it makes the system real-time responsive.

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the CVVFF of Cagliari for their avail-ability and data sharing. Furthermore they thank Dr. Raffaella Marzano from University of To-rino for her help about fuel model and forest type and Dr. Cesti for his availability.

REFERENCESAndrews, P.L.and Rothermel R.C. (1982), Charts for interpreting wildland fire behaviour characteristics. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-131.Bovio G., (1993), Comportamento degli incendi boschivi estinguibili con attacco diretto. Monti e Boschi, 4: 19-24.Burgan, R.E., Klaver, R.W. & Klaver, JM. (1998), Fuel Models and Fire Potential from Satellite and Surface Observations, Internatio-nal Journal of WiIdIand Fire, 8: 159-170.Cesti G., Cesti C. (1999), Antincendio Boschivo. Manuale operativo per l’equipaggio dell’autobotte. Musumeci, Quart, Aosta, vol 2.Cesti G., (2002), Tipologie e comportamenti particolari del fuoco: risvolti nelle operazioni di estinzione, Il fuoco in foresta: ecologia e controllo. Atti del XXXIX Corso di Cultura in Ecologia. Università degli Studi di Padova, Regione del Veneto, Centro Studi per l’Ambiente Alpino, S. Vito di Cadore, 2-6 settembre 2002: 77-116.Perry, D. G. (1990), Wildland Firefighting: Fire Behavior, Tactics, and Command, ed. Donald G. Perry. Teie, W. C. (2005), Firefighter’s Handbook on Wildland Firefighting, 3nd ed. Deer Valley. Chuvieco, E. et al., (2010). Development of a framework for fire risk assessment using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies.Han Shuting, Han Yibin, Jin Jizhong, Zhou Wei (1987), The method for calculating forest fire behaviour index, Heilongjiang Forest Protection Institute, Harbin, China, 77-82.http://www.s3lab.polito.it/progetti/progetti_in_corso/af3 (08/10/2014)http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/effis/ (08/10/2014)http://www.isotc211.org/ (06/11/2014)http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/2 (03/11/2014)http://www.postgresql.org (05/05/2015)

KEYWORDSINSPIRE directive; fire fighting; GIS

ABSTRACTAccording to the Annual Fire Report 2013 (European Commission-Joint Research Centre, 2014), there have been 873 forest fires in Europe, in 2013, for a total of 340559 ha of territory. A comparison of this data to that of the previous years, highlights that, when the intended goal is that of preserving the environment and saving human lives, the importance of the correct management of forest fires can not be underestimated. In the past years, the European Union has invested in the development of the INSPIRE Directive (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) to support environmental policies. Furthermore, the EU is currently working on developing "ad hoc" infrastructures for the safe management of forests and fires. The AF3 EU project (Advanced Forest Fire Fighting), financed by the FP7, addresses the issue of developing innovative tools to handle all stages of forest fires. The project develops a single control center for the coordination of monitoring, manoeuvring, and post-fire operations. The SDI platform (Spatial Data Infrastructure) represents another component which was designed in the context of this project. It is based on a GIS (Geographic Information System) which is able to efficiently integrate multi-modal data. Following an analysis of the state of the art of information systems for forest fire-fighting, and in light of the end-user requirements analyzed within the AF3 project, we propose a geo-topographic database based on the INSPIRE Directive and developed on open-source platforms, which provides interoperability of the data and allows forecasting and monitoring of high-risk areas, decision making, damage estimation, and post-fire management.

AUTHORAndrea Maria Lingua Marco Piras, Maria Angela Musci, Francesca Noardo, Nives Grasso, Vittorio Verda

Politecnico di Torino - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'ambiente,del territorio e delle infrastrutture (DIATI)

Vittorio VerdaPolitecnico di Torino - DIpartimento di Energia (DENERG)

EDITORS NOTEThis work has been presented at the 19th Conference ASITA 2015 (Lecco). We would like to thank the organizing secretary for the courtesy and his availability and wishes the best outcome for the 20th Conference ASITA 2016 (Cagliari 8-9-10 November 2016).

Versione 5

Vendita – Noleggio - Servizi chiavi in mano, anche con strumentazione cliente

• Rilievi batimetrici automatizzati• Fotogrammetria delle sponde• Acquisizione dati e immagini• Mappatura parametri ambientali• Attività di ricerca

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.aerrobotix.com


INTERGEO

The aerial photography have had a great revolu-tion with the advent

of the UAV technology that actually has allowed to over-come the objective problems of the access to the information. Especially for the territories with a complex topography, the use of drones is an advantage in terms of speed, cost reduc-tion and achievement of high quality results. The applications of the proximity remote sens-ing in critical areas are a lot and involve many areas: from geology to engineering, from surveillance to environmental monitoring, civil protection, archeology and more.In particular it is recommend-ed, for several reasons, the use of fixed-wing models for the survey of medium-high exten-sion surfaces. Meanwhile, this type of APR provides a greater flying range than the multi-

copter models (which generally have shorter range, considering also the take-off and landing operations), in fact with a single flight it is possible to cover areas of several kilometers and obtain uniform images, then with a very appreciable qualitative out-put; in addition the control of the flight parameters is efficient and it is possible to resists to the adverse environmental condi-tions, supporting wind gusts of up to 60 km/h. The fixed-wing aircraft, in general, are perfect for the applications in geology and archaeological surveys. Two interesting experiences, related respectively to the geological and cultural heritage area, are described below by Gabriele Santiccioli, FlyTop president and member of the Provincial Board of Surveyors and Surveyors Graduates of Rome.Certainly a very growing sec-tor is the quarries monitoring

through precise mapping ac-tivities to accurately control the excavations, to know exactly the amount of material removed and prevent any movement of materials and the risk of land-slides. A proof of the quality of the remote control systems for this type of professional ap-plication is given by Gabriele Santiccioli, president of FlyTop, through a project carried out in a mining quarry in the north of Italy. "We enthusiastically accepted the engagement by the responsible Authority for the exploitation of a quarry in Emilia Romagna - says the president Santiccioli - because it meant for us to win a chal-lenge. This experimentation yook place in an extremely mountainous area, undoubtedly challenging under the aeronau-tical profile. We used a fixed-wing aircraft, FlyGeo24Mpx, a unique drone in its category

The tale of two experiences in the geological and cultural heritage area through the use of fixed-wing drones.

Innovation and high quality of the data returned from an aero-photogrammetric survey as support to the activities of

the different professionals. From the survey phase to the post-production all the precautions to obtain images with a

very good resolution and solve obstacles for the mapping of areas not easily accessible such as quarries.

A survey from

UAV in critical

areas: the

advantages of

technology in

areas with

complex terrainby Zaira Baglione


INTERGEO

equipped with technology to fly at a fixed altitude. Generally this type of critical reconnais-sance is carried out with a multirotor drone, but the fixed wing flexibility allowed us to successfully conclude the mis-sion. The conditions were not easy, considering the extension of the area to be analysed, about 95 hectares, and the difference in height of 360 meters be-tween the top and the valley of the quarry. However, with a sin-gle flight, we have acquired in 25 minutes nearly five hundred pictures with a resolution of 2.5 cm per pixel ". With regard to the mining activity in the quar-ries it must be said that both private interests, relating to companies that hold the region-al authorizations, both public are involved at the same time, considering that some of them represent a heritage that should

be used in an intelligent manner and preserve the environment. The UAV is a good instrument from many points of view: it allows to rationalize the ex-cavation areas on the basis

http://www.mesasrl.it


INTERGEO

of what is known from the restitution of photos

and the subsequent study and post-processing; they

provide information relating to the amount of material re-moved and, finally, they are the only possible solution to reach critical areas that may only be known with the conventional aerial photogrammetry systems and with inevitable higher costs. "In order to plan the operation we referred to a regional tech-nical map (CTR) - continues Santiccioli - and we decided to set a fixed altitude of 130 meters. Through some control points on the ground we made 12 strips with an overlap of 70 percent between each photo, acquiring one frame every 25 meters. We got a 3D model of the quarry, a cloud of points, the DTM and DSM from the restitution and we processed all the photogrammetric data with a special software characterized by a very high level of metric accuracy. We can say that this result satisfied the client and FlyTop, that realized the work."The application of the UAV technology has grown signifi-cantly also for the cultural her-itage sector, not only for moni-toring and documentation, but especially for the discovery activities. With the partnership started between the University of Salento and FlyTop an archaeological survey was car-ried out in the Veio Park area, a few kilometers from Rome, in an area between the towns of Formello and Isola Farnese. Gabriele Santiccioli together with Professor of ancient topog-raphy Giuseppe Ceraudo de-scribes the survey done with the fixed wing UAV FlyGeo24Mpx that led to the identification of ancient Etruscan and Roman settlements, in particular the remains of structures of build-

ings and streets. The discovery comes from a research project that the University of Salento leads for over ten years and had a deci-sive result last year following the mission that led to the discovery of a city system of Etruscan and Roman eras. The area covered by the flight (about forty hectares) was overflown with a fixed-wing drone equipped with a 24Mpx digital camera with single focal length lens. The operation involved the town of Archi di Pontecchio and was carried out in compliance with ENAC specifications. The flight has enabled to acquire images of the highest quality, almost two hundred pictures with a resolution of 1.7 cm per pixel, geo-referenced and complete of 3 parameters of translation and rotation. Through the captured frames there was a validation of what were until now only hypotheses; observing from the sky the differentiated growth of vegetation, in fact, it has been recognized part of the ancient Etruscan city of Veio. About the accuracy of aerial photogrammetric data Gabriele Santiccioli says: "Our company has always been committed to combine innovation and inte-gration, so we have used all the instruments that the surveyor has, arriving until the produc-tion of maps of high technical quality in few hours. We have obtained a cloud of points, a 3D model, the DTM and DSM

from the elaborate digital im-ages in order to know better the morphology of the land. Considering the future scenari-os, I do not exclude that shortly the application of thermal and multispectral sensors will enter in the archaeological sector or at least one study focused on the result that could be achieved".The aero-photogrammetric proximity survey with the use of an APR represents an ar-chaeological survey interesting landscape, as well as a real and accessible system for the study of preliminary research. Later, with subsequent investigations and excavations, it will be able to determine more accurately the reference period and other more detailed informations. The survey done in the quarry and the result of Veio demon-strate how the remote sensing of proximity through RPAS is ad-vantageous in terms of time and costs, especially for particularly extended areas of inspection or not easily accessible.


INTERGEO

The aero-photogrammetric proximity survey with the UAV use represents an interesting vision of the archaeological survey, as well as a concrete and ac-cessible system for the study of preliminary researches. Later, with subsequent investigations and excava-tions, it will be able to de-termine more accurately the reference period and other more detailed information. Both the survey done in the quarry and the Veio result demonstrate how the remote sensing of proxim-ity through the use of on UAV is useful in terms of time and costs, especially for particularly large areas of inspection or not easily accessible.

KEYWORDSUAV; cultural he-ritage; survey; aero-photogrammetry

ABSTRACTThe tale of two ex-periences in the geo-logical and cultural heritage area through the use of fixed-wing drones. Innovation and high quality of the data returned from an aero-photo-grammetric survey as support to the ac-tivities of the different professionals. From the survey phase to the post-production all the precautions to obtain images with a very good resolution and solve obstacles for the mapping of areas not easily accessible such as quarries.

AUTHORZaira [email protected] manager Flytop

http://www.digitallighthouse.it


INTERGEO

Sun, water and hydromethane: possible op-

tions for the en-ergy future of the

Smart CitiesThe Italian engineering com-pany Geocart S.p.A. (www.ge-ocart.net), in the context of the

urban planning according to the "Smart Cities" approach, has focused its attention on the search for new solutions for the production of energy from re-newable sources and resources and the development of inno-vative techniques for the moni-toring of energy efficiency.The final objectives of the study are threefold:

1. mapping of potential hy-droelectric productivity from mini and micro-hydro plants;

2. study on the feasibility of op-timal hydromethane genera-tion from renewable sources;

3. analysis of the efficient use of solar resource on an urban scale.

In addition to the estimation of the potential productivity of hydropower, the objective of the study is to understand the feasibility of optimal hy-dromethane generation from renewable sources and its use for public transport in urban areas or high environmental value areas. The activity aims to respond to market needs: the various existing technolo-gies for hydrogen storage are not fully satisfactory in terms of efficiency, convenience and affordability. A fundamental aspect of the activity is the gen-eration of hydrogen-methane mixtures having a maximum hydrogen content of 30% by volume, easier to use than pure hydrogen: in fact, the hy-

dromethane can be used in a normal natural gas engine.For the analysis of the solar potential of the urban area, the research is based on 3D map-ping of city buildings, as a fur-ther instrument of knowledge, including for policy makers, of the effective potential use of solar resource on building patrimony, and as a policy in-strument for the planning of new construction areas. In this context, particular attention is paid to the study of the energy exchanges of the urban area and the so-called urban heat islands.

www.geocartspa.it

(Source: Geocart)

Location-based data and services enabling a geosmartcityAny smart-city implementation leveraging location-based data and services is undoubtedly reaching faster its sustainability aims. The EU co-funded project GeoSmartCity is contributing to this, establishing a cross-plat-form, re-usable and open hub in which different categories of users can discover and access in-teroperable geographic informa-tion, by means of generic-pur-

pose as well as specialized servi-ces based on open standards.The GeoSmartCity approach is applied in two different urban contexts (the Green-Energy sce-nario, to support the implemen-tation of sustainable energy po-licies ,and the Underground sce-nario, to support the integrated management of underground utility infrastructures) and te-sted by 11 pilots, consisting of cities/regions from 8 different Member States.The underlying layer of the

overall GeoSmartCity architec-ture consists of interoperable georeferenced and semantically reach spatial datasets, which have been harmonized accor-ding to common data models which extend INSPIRE appli-cation schemas on Buildings and Utilities & Governmental Services and have been made discoverable and accessible by means of OGC webservices.

http://www.epsilon-italia.it/IT(Source: Epsilon Italia)

Leica Pegasus BackpackThe Leica Pegasus:Backpack is an award-winning wearable re-ality capture sensor platform. A highly ergonomic design com-bines five cameras offering fully calibrated 360 degrees view and two LiDAR profilers with an ultra-light carbon fibre chassis. It enables extensive and efficient indoor or outdoor documenta-tion at a level of accuracy that is authoritative and professional.This unique mobile mapping solution is designed for rapid

and regular reality capture. It is completely portable, enabling it to be checked in as luggage on a flight. The Pegasus:Backpack is designed to act a sensor plat-form with our standard external trigger and sync port outputs. BIM – map indoors, outdoors, underground, anywhereThe Pegasus:Backpack makes progressive professional BIM documentation a reality. It syn-chronises imagery and point cloud data, therefore assuring a complete documentation of a building for full life cycle management. By using SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) technology and a high precision IMU, it en-sures accurate positioning with GNSS outages.Industrial training – reality-

based information for fast response Knowing and under-standing a landscape before rushing into emergency situa-tions can save lives. Document any site in 3D models and images for fast, safe and effi-cient response. Combined with Autodesk, Intergraph and other software, reality-based indus-trial training is enhanced with the most accurate and current data sets. Safety & security – in-formed decisions in emergency situationsThe Pegasus:Backpack helps you to make better and faster decisions in emergency situa-tions due to access to more ac-curate data. Evacuation plans and route mapping benefit from clear and detailed images and point clouds that alert au-

thorities to any changes. Access densely populated areas, provid-ing accurate and current map-ping to give city authorities a clearer and deeper understand-ing of the situation. Natural disaster response – min-imise damage and save livesFor the first time, responders to natural disasters can capture disaster area data in 3D on foot. Faster response times translate into lives saved and damage minimised. Capture the critical data needed to make faster and better informed decisions that increases chances of survival and reconstruction.Contact us for more informa-tion or to request a demo.

www.geomatica.it(Source: Teorema srl)

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