special senses: the eyes and ears mt ch. 11 adonis k. lomibao 11/23/11
TRANSCRIPT
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Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears MT Ch. 11
Adonis K. Lomibao11/23/11
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Objectives
Identify the basic function and structures of the Eyes.
Identify the basic function and structures of the Ears.
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The Eyes
Function- receive images and transmit them to the brain.
Structures include the eyeball and adnexa
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The Eyes
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The Adnexa of the Eyes
The structures outside of the eyeball They include the: Orbit (eye socket), eye
muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus.
Adnexa-means appendages or accessory structures of an organ.
Lacrimal Apparatus:produce, store, and remove tears
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The Eyeball
Aka globe, 1-inch sphere with only 1/6 of surface visible.
Sclera: (whites of the eye) maintains shape and protects inner tissue.
Choroid:middle layer, vascular: provides blood supply for eye.
Retina:converts light images into electrical impulses and transmits them to the brain.
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The Uveal Tract
The pigmented layer of the eye. Consists of the:
-Choroid:provides blood supply for the eye.
-Ciliary body:in the choroid-muscles and ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine focus of light rays on the retina.
-Iris:controls the amount of light entering the eye.
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Cornea, Pupil, Lens
Cornea: transparent outer surface—focuses light rays entering the eye.
Pupil: the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye.
Lens: clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina.
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Common Conditions
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)-inflammation of the conjunctiva
Corneal abrasion-a scratch or irritation to the outer layers of the cornea
Cataract-loss of transparency of the lens Glaucoma-increased intraocular pressure Macular degeneration-damage of the macula-
loss of central vision.
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Conjunctivitis
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Cataract
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Central Vision Loss
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Peripheral Vision Loss
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Refractive Disorders
Focusing problem that occurs when the lens and cornea do not bend light so it focuses properly on the retina.
Astigmatism-impoper focus due to uneven curvatures of the cornea
Hyperopia-(farsightedness) light rays focus beyond retina
Myopia-(nearsightedness) light rays focus in front of the retina
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The Ears
Function- receive sound impulses and transmit them to the brain
Auditory-pertaining to the sense of hearing Acoustic-relating to sound or hearing
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Major structures
The outer ear-includes the pinna, the external auditory canal, & cerumen.
The middle ear- transmits sound to the inner ear. Includes the tympanic membrane or eardrum.
The inner ear- contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance.
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Structures
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Common Conditions
Impacted Cerumen Otitis-inflammation of the ear Vertigo- whirling, dizzynesss, loss of balance Tinnitus-a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in
ears.
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Impacted Cerumen