special security concerns of small island states of caricom
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SPECIAL SECURITY CONCERNS OF SMALL ISLAND STATES OF CARICOM. PRESENTATION TO PERMANENT COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES - COMMITTEE ON HEMISPHERIC SECURITY 30 th APRIL 2012 CARICOM IMPACS. CARICOM STATES. Bermuda. 15 Full Members, 5 Associate States - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PRESENTATION TO PERMANENT COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES - COMMITTEE ON HEMISPHERIC SECURITY30th APRIL 2012CARICOM IMPACS
SPECIAL SECURITY CONCERNS OF SMALL ISLAND STATES OF CARICOM
2Suriname
BermudaCARICOM Member States
Associate Members
CARICOM STATES
• 15 Full Members, 5 Associate States• Combined population: >15 million • Total land space : 462, 472 sq km
Capability and capacity constraints• Deficienc
y in forensic capabilities
• limited technical and financial resources
Sluggish and inefficient
judicial systems
Unsecured public
information networks
vulnerable to electronic
attacks
Ineffective witness
protection mechanisms
Porous borders
CARICOM VULNERABILITIES
CONFERENCE OF HEADS OF GOVERNMENT
Ministerial Sub – Committee On Resource Mobilisation and Implementation
Security Policy Advisory Committee(SEPAC)
Implementation Agency for Crime And Security (IMPACS)
CARICOM FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CRIME AND SECURITY – JULY 2005
LEAD HEAD OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLEFOR CRIME AND SECURITY
Council of Ministers Responsible forNational Security and Law Enforcement
Standing CommitteeCommissioners of Police
Standing CommitteeChiefs of Immigration
StandingCommitteeMilitary Heads
StandingCommitteeChiefs of Customs
Standing CommitteeHeads of Intel & Financial Investigations
CIMA
CONFERENCE OF HEADS OF GOVERNMENT
Ministerial Sub – Committee On Resource Mobilisation and Implementation
LEAD HEAD OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLEFOR CRIME AND SECURITY
Council of Ministers Responsible forNational Security and Law Enforcement
Ministerial Sub – Committee On Resource Mobilisation and Implementation
LEAD HEAD OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLEFOR CRIME AND SECURITY
Council of Ministers Responsible forNational Security and Law Enforcement
CARICOM FRAMEWORK
Policy & Strategy Formulation: IMPACS
Oversight
Coordination
Implementation
Capacity Building
Border Security: JRCC
Passenger Profiling
Cargo Profiling
Immigration & Customs Support
Information Sharing
Threat Assessment and Common Intelligence
Picture: RIFC
Strategic Assessment
Threat Assessment
Intelligence Sharing and Cooperation
Capacity Building
KEY FUNCTIONS OF THE JRCC
Cross checks all API data and visa applications with regional and international watch lists/databases.
Pre-screens travelers to and from any territory within the participating Member States.
Provides reliable and timely information on security concerns to regional border security and law enforcement agencies
Liaises with Interpol, regional NCBs and other international agencies for SLTD and other info.
Prepares analytical reports on persons of interest
CARICOM IMPACS BORDER MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES
APIS
Within the last 5 years, the APIS generated almost 8,000 persons of interest from within the 10 participating states alone; an average of 130 persons monthly.
Those Persons of Interest (Hits) have been from 116 different nationalities worldwide .
Infractions seen include the usual drug traffickers, murderers etc…but disturbing trends being seen includes increased instances of human trafficking and pedophiles to the Region particularly in the summer.
NOTABLE SUCCESSES GENERALLY
CARICOM IMPACS BORDER MANAGEMENT INITIATIVESAn (ACIS)
is one of the
initiatives being
pursued for
implementation
throughout
CARICOM
Member States in cooperation with airlines,
shippers, importer
s and exporter
s worldwide and
Customs Authoriti
es.
Empower
Customs Authoriti
es to examine
in advance, docume
nts presente
d for import
and export cargo and
determine
whether any
item(s) require special
attention
Advance Cargo Information System
RIFC’s KEY FUNCTONS
Provides 24/7 support to the JRCC in Border protection
Collects information that reveals the plans, intentions and capabilities of threat entities and provides the basis for decision and action.
Produce timely analysis that provides insight, warning and opportunity to the decision makers charged with protecting and advancing the Region’s interests
INFORMATION FLOW – REGIONALLY
RIFC
ABBAR
BAHBEL
DOMGNDGUYJAM
SKNSLUSVG
SURTT
BI – DIRECTIONAL FLOW OF INFORMATION FROM RIFC TO NPC’S
INFORMATION FLOW – INTERNATIONALLY
RIFC
INTERPOL
UK
USAUS
INDIA
SA
MAJOR EVENT SUPPORTEVENT PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES ACCREDITATION SUPPORT
16 52,535
34 13,383
48 11,839
12 8,500+
SECURE VIDEO, VOICE AND DATA TRANSMISSION NETWORK
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RIFC AND CISNET ENHANCED SECURE COMMUNICATION AND ENABLED JOINT ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE REPORTS.
A SECURE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY AGENCIES COMMUNICATION PLATFORM
A SYSTEM CREATED, OWNED, OPERATED AND MAINTAINED BY CARICOM.
DEVELOPED TO FACILITATE THE SECURE EXCHANGE OF INTELLIGENCE REPORTS AND THE CONDUCT OF ONLINE AUDIO AND VIDEO CONFERENCE CALLS
ENABLES REAL TIME SHARING OF INFORMATION AMONG INTELLIGENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
CARICOM INTELLIGENCE SHARING NETWORK (CISNET)
SECURITY CONTEXT
CARIBBEAN IMPLICATION: BALLOON EFFECT
MERIDIA INITIATIVE
"I think that narco-trafficking is a
problem for the hemisphere as a
whole. And wherever you put pressure, the
traffickers will go where there is less
resistance and where there is less capability."
Robert Gates, 15 April 2010
TIER 1 RISKSIllicit Drugs Gangs
Illegal Guns Natural Disaster
TIER 2 RISKSHuman Trafficking and Smuggling Cyber Crime
Public Order Crimes
TOCDestabilisation of Haiti Deportation
TIER 3 RISKS TIER 4 RISKS: FUTURE RISKSInternational Terrorism Financial Crimes
Critical Infrastructure Corruption
Climate Change Pandemic
Maritime Piracy Migratory Pressures
DRUGS-GUNS-GANGS NEXUS IN THE CARIBBEAN
GUNS
GANGSDRUGS
GLOBALIZATION
INTERCONECTEDNESS
CRIME
UNODC, October 2011Global Study on Homicide
42 per cent of global homicides are actually committed by firearm
Note: The information in the table above were obtained from the NPC’s in Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, Suriname, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia. and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
CRIME FIGURESYear Homicide Illegal
FirearmsSeized
Marijuana Seized
Kg
Cocaine Seized
Kg
Total Narcotics
Seized
Kg
CriminalDeportees
2006 2,193 1949 727,103 7293.1 79,247.79 5,634
2007 2,427
+
2017
-
219,436
+
4368
-
119,104.35
+
5,680
+
2008 2,649
+
1999
-
212,685
+
6957
-
129,806.35
+
5,016
-
2009 2,656
+
2383
+
189,115
-
5960
+
69,934.72
-
4,484
-
2010 2,441
-
2079
-
560,591
+
7902
+
560,148.36
+
4451-
Total 12,366 10,427 1,908,929 32501 1,941,430 25,265
OVERALL CRIME FIGURES FOR THE PERIOD 2006-2010
Jamaica
Belize
St. Kitts
Trinidad & Tobago
Bahamas
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
Dominica
Guyana
Barbados
Grenada
Suriname
Antigua & Barbuda
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
52.91
42.84
40
36.88
29
28.77
21.83
19.73
17.65
11.24
9.38
7.93
6.92
2010 MURDER RATES - CARICOM MEMBER STATES
Murder per 100,000 population
70% of Mur-ders in CARI-COM States
Are Commit -ted With Firearms
NEXUS BETWEEN VIOLENT CRIME AND DEVELOPMENT
CRIME & SECURITY
Developmental Issue
Adverse impact on
state stability
Undermine
economic growth
Impede social
development
Lower citizens’
quality of life
ECONOMIC COST OF CRIME TO THE REGION
The cost of
gang related
crime is between 2.8 percent and
4 percent of
gross
domestic product in
the Region
Crime
costs
Jamaica over $529 million a year
in lost income
In Trinidad
a one percent
reduction in yout
h crim
e wou
ld boos
t tourism
revenue by
US$35millio
n per year
Source: 2011UNDP “Caribbean Human Development Report”
Potential Boost in Annual Economic Growth Rate from Reducing Homicide Rate to Costa Rica Level
STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS
OCT
RCMP
CICTE
CICAD
CICAD
OAS US AID
CBSI
USMS
CICTE
CANADA
UNDP
UNLIREC
INTERPOL
OECS
CFATFACCP
N DRUG
CISLES
CSME
CEDEMA
CARICAD
RSS
COHSOD
JIATF
CBSI
ICPC
CTO
CCLEC
ACHCPS
IOMUNICRI
CAREC
CARICOM
UWI
INTER AGENCY COOPERATION
ACPO Criminal Record Office (ACRO) and United Kingdom Central Authority for the Exchange of Criminal Records (UKCA-ECR) •Collaboration efforts on regional fingerprinting system & DNA
University of West-Indies, St. Augustine•Technical and Research Assistance•Workshops on Private Security
CDRAV / WINAD / Project Ploughshares•Technical Support and Capacity Building (NGO Support)
IMPACS/UNODC• Strengthen regional networking, the sharing of information and to encourage joint operational responses
International Organisation for Migration (IOM)•Workshop on Draft Legislation for Trafficking in Persons
Regional Centre for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN-LiREC)•Assistance Provided to Destruction and Stockpile Management Program•UNLIREC’s Inter Institutional Training Course on Combating SALW
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)•Provision of Training in Precursor Chemicals to Regional LE Officers
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research (UNICRI)•Major Event: Strengthen the capacity of Carnival and Festival Security
INTER AGENCY COOPERATION
RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKInter-Governmental Agreement establishing Framework (2006)
MOU for Intelligence Sharing among CARICOM member States (2006)
Treaty on Mutual Security Assistance (2007)
Model Visiting Forces Act (2007)
Model APIS Legislation (2007)*
CARICOM Airspace and Maritime Security Cooperation Agreement (2007)
CARICOM Arrest Warrant Treaty (2007)
Protocol establishing CONSLE and IMPACS as Treaty entities (2009)
CARIPASS Treaty (2010)
Model CARIPASS Legislation
MOU on Criminal Deportation
MOU on Intelligence Sharing with non-CARICOM entities
Legend: abc – in force; abc – signed but not yet in force; abc – yet to be finalized; * - amendments pending
30
Proposed RIBIN Zones
Suriname
Bermuda
CARICOM member states
Associate members
HUB
Off map
IMPACS/CARICAD ProjectDeveloped a pool of trainers in immigration policy, procedure and technical issues
Developed publication of training course manuals and publications on immigration proper practice and procedures for the region
Developed regional Immigration certificate
Immigration Officers trained in ……..• Document fraud• Impress , Detection & Fraudulent
Documents• Immigration functionality in
Regional Security framework• Travel Card
OVER 200 IMMIGRATION OFFICERS TRAINED FOR
2010
Standardized customer experience throughout
the Region
Ability of officers to easily operate in another
member state if required
Enhance capacity and capabilities of Regional
Customs and Immigration Officers
NOTE: Training for Customs Officers in 2011
Regional Task Force on
Crime and Security Report
Establishment of a
Regional Framework
for the Management of Crime and
Security
Security is Declared the Forth Pillar
of CARICOM
Adoption of CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy
WAY FORWARDEnhancement of international, regional and intra-regional coordination and cooperation• Development of regulatory instruments• Agreement on protocols to be observed by all parties
Advancement of bi-directional information sharing• Compatibility of communications systems• Need to complete Radar picture• Aerial and Maritime deficiencies
Optimisation of existing capacity to complement partner assets
Concurrence on Gap Analysis
Capacity Building for seamless joint operations
COLLABORATION, COOPERATION, COORDINATION