sparta and athens chapter 7-2. forms of government first, nobles ruled second, tyrants – someone...
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Sparta and Athens
Chapter 7-2
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Forms of government
• First, nobles ruled
• Second, tyrants – someone who takes power by force (had the backing of the common people)
• Then – Oligarchy – a small group of people have power
• Last – democracy – all citizens share the power of the government
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Sparta
• Founded by Dorians
• Did not set up colonies
• Conquered and enslaved people***Helots – the conquered slaves (captive
worker)
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Sparta
***Military (boys and men)– Boys left for military barracks at age 7– Men entered regular army at age 20– Men were allowed to return home at age 30– Men stayed in the army until age 60
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Phalanx
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Hoplite
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Sparta
• Women– Trained in sports– Kept fit to become healthy mothers– Ran the house while husband was away in
the army– Could own property
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Sparta
• Government – Oligarchy***led by two kings
***Council of elders – 28 citizens over the age of 60
– Assembly – all Spartan men • Voted in laws• Chose the 5 ephors who enforced laws and
managed taxes
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Sparta
• Did not encourage foreign visitors
• Banned travel to other city-states
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Sparta
• Because they spent so much energy and time on military, they fell behind other Greeks in trade, math, science, etc.
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Athens
***Schools for boys– Reading– Writing– Math– Sports– music
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Athens
• Girls– Stayed home with their mothers– Learned household duties– Wealthy girls learned reading, writing, music
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Athens
• Government– 600’s B.C. – Oligarchy– 594 B.C. – ***Solon took over
• Canceled farmers’ debts• Freed slaves• Allowed all citizens to be in the assembly
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Solon
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Athens
• Government– Peisistratus- 560 B.C.
• Divided large estates among poor farmers• Loaned money to poor• Gave poor jobs
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Athens
• Government ***Cleisthenes 508 B.C.
• Assembly members could vote on laws• Reorganized the assembly• Could hear court cases• Created new council of 500 citizens picked by
lottery• Credited with creating the democracy
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