spanking and other forms of corporal punishment: what experts and parents say
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Spanking and Other Forms of Corporal Punishment:
What Experts and Parents Say
John R. Lutzker, Ph.D, Angie S. Guinn & Dr. Mark Chaffin
In Memory of Mark Chaffin, Ph.D
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Punishment
“A consequence to behavior(s) that reduces the future likelihood
of that (those) behavior(s).”
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Positive Punishment
Positive (+) Punishment (unfortunate choice of terms) is something that is added:
Spanking
Yelling
Reasoning
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Negative Punishment
Negative (-) Punishment is something that is removed: Timeout Redirection Privilege Withdrawal Tangible item(s) removal Ignoring
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Redirection
Best for minor misbehavior Best with peer or sibling bickering Must have good alternatives
available Could inadvertently reinforce
misbehavior
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Alternatives to Negative Punishment
DRO Planned
Activities Training
Praise
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Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
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Negative Reinforcement
Parents receive negative reinforcement for yelling or spanking
Spouses/Partners/Friends receive negative reinforcement for nagging
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Timeout Advantages:
If done correctly, it is a good alternative to spanking Best effectiveness is between ages 2-6 “Cools down” parent
Disadvantages: Often done wrong Must have enriched time-in Functions of behavior
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Punishment: Side Effects
Avoidance Escape Doesn’t teach May generalize Self-Esteem Behavior will likely recur Modeling
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Pinderhughes, E. E., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., & Zelli, A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(3), 380-400. doi10.1037/0893-3200.14.3.380
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Common Ideology Religion
“Spare the rod and spoil the child” Tradition
“My parents spanked me and I turned out ok.” Uninformed on alternative discipline practices
“How else am I going to discipline my child?”
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Corporal Punishment: The Global Impact
https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/a-slap-child-discipline-or-child-abuse/
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Corporal Punishment in Schools
http://www.mrctv.org/sites/default/files/uploads/map.png
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Long-term effects of Corporal Punishment
“spanking confers no particular benefits and thus might easily be replaced with alternative discipline strategies….” (Ferguson et al 2013)
Adverse Childhood Experiences
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Effectiveness of Corporal Punishment
How often do you have to use it?
If you must use it…..
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QuestionsQuestions/ Comments
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References
Carey, T. A. (1994). Spare The Rod and Spoil the Child. Is this a sensible justification for the use of punishment in child rearing?. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18(12), 1005-1010.
Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Spanking, corporal punishment and negative long-term outcomes: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33196-208. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.002
Pinderhughes, E. E., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., & Zelli, A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(3), 380-400. doi10.1037/0893-3200.14.3.380
Skaine, R. (n.d.). Abuse: An Encyclopedia of Causes, Consequences, and Treatments.