SPANISH INVENTORY - AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSISOF MOST SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

Antonio Ferreiro1 and Juan José RincónTechnical Assistance Team

for Emission InventoriesUnder Contract to the Spanish Ministry of the Environment

1) Co-ordinator. Corresponding author: antonio.ferreiro@aed.es

WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURAL INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONSEEA, COPENHAGEN 27-28 FEBRUARY 2003

TABLE 1.aANIMAL CATEGORIES FROM LIVESTOCK SURVEYS(1)

CATTLEAnimals less than 12 months Animals from 12 to 24 months

Others FemalesFor

slaughter Males FemalesMales For

slaughterFor

breedingNumber of animals 1990 745.622 301.552 483.584 87.651 33.919 481.133Number of animals 2001 1.392.471 249.569 502.717 170.241 71.216 565.096Mean weight (kg/head) 212,5 191,1 196,5 576,0 455,4 472,7Stabled/Grazing Stabled Grazing Grazing St./Gr. Stabled GrazingVolatile solids (kg/head year) 547,3 1.677,6 1.725,6 3.793,3 3.033,5 3.920,8N excreted (kg N/head year) 15 15 15 30 30 30

Animals more than 24 monthsFemales

Non calved CalvedDairy Dairy

MalesFor

slaughter Frisians OthersNon Dairy

Frisians OthersNon Dairy

Number of animals 1990 69.336 11.769 64.838 12.096 80.951 1.348.855 261.685 1.096.200Number of animals 2001 114.820 20.840 61.784 4.134 157.051 1.086.345 62.699 1.915.690Mean weight (kg/head) 817,1 571,6 650 574,3 574,9 650 573,9 579Stabled/Grazing Grazing Grazing Grazing Grazing Grazing Stabled Stabled GrazingVolatile solids (kg/head year) 2.693,5 803,6 1.292,0 1.177,4 2.729,5 1.875,3 1.613,1 1.270,1N excreted (kg N/head year) 50 50 70 70 50 70 70 50

(1): 1 survey per year for ovine; 2 surveys per year for cattle; 3 surveys per year for swine.Note: Decimal separator used “,” instead of “.”.

TABLE 1.bANIMAL CATEGORIES FROM LIVESTOCK SURVEYS

SHEEP

Female for breeding

Never lambed LambedLambs Studs

Noncovered

Coveredonce Milked Non

Milked

Number of animals 1990 4.602.914 455.131 1.355.963 1.656.760 3.155.359 12.810.890

Number of animals 2001 4.133.764 518.756 1.153.017 1.608.115 3.148.586 13.738.426

Mean weight (kg/head) 7/15/24 65,1 35,3 45,6 48,1 44,8

Stabled/Grazing St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr.

Volatile solids (kg/head year) TIER 1

N excreted (kg N/head year) 6 12 12 12 12 12

TABLE 1.cANIMAL CATEGORIES FROM LIVESTOCK SURVEYS

SWINESwines for slaughter

PigletSwine

from 20 to49 kg l.w.

From 50 to79 kg l.w.

From 80 to109 kg l.w.

From 110kg l.w.

Number of animals 1990 4.734.421 4.162.291 3.530.363 2.030.010 483.162

Number of animals 2001 6.945.655 5.360.820 4.996.026 3.761.343 1.130.545

Mean weight (kg/head) 8 34,5 64,5 94,5 152

Stabled/Grazing St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr.

Volatile solids (kg/head year) 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

N excreted (kg N/head year) 8 8 8 16 16

Breeder more than 50 kg l.w.

Sows

Never farrowed FarrowedBoarNon

covered Covered Covered Noncovered

Number of animals 1990 106.195 160.778 217.168 1.007.266 560.734

Number of animals 2001 103.326 216.495 238.377 1.548.260 696.976

Mean weight (kg/head) 159.5 80 140 170 200

Stabled/Grazing St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr. St./Gr.

Volatile solids (kg/head year) 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

N excreted (kg N/head year) 16 16 16 16 16

TABLE 2AGRICULTURAL LANDS

Surface (103 ha.) (2001)Crops Number

of crops Fertilized Nonfertilized

Of which:Fixing crops

CoverageN fixingcrops

Examples of crops

Permanent crops 25 1.980 1.817 - NO Citrus Fruits, Olives, Vines, …Grain cereals 9 6.140 656 - NO Barley, Maize, Wheat, …Industrial crops 10 744 419 3 Soybeans Cane sugar, tobacco, sunflower, …Tubercles 2 109 12 - NO Potatoes, Other Tubercles.Pulses 9 228 228 456 ALL Lentil, Chick Pea, …Vegetables 35 354 60 97 3(1) Cabbage, tomato, lettuce, …Forage crops 14 153 968 584 7(2) Lucerne, common vetch, …TOTAL 104 9.708 4.160 1.140 20There are several natural land types which are included in SNAP 10 to take account of N2O and NH3 emissions coming from N excretion of grazinganimals; NMVOC emissions from these natural lands are under SNAP 1104.(1): Green bean, green pea & tick bean.(2): Lucerne, clover, esparcet, sulla, common vetch, other forage pulses & polyfite meadows.

Other agricultural and natural lands Surface(103 ha.) (2001)

Meadow (Praderas) 743Pasture (Pastizal) 4.802Fallow land (Barbecho) 2.706Scrub (Monte Abierto) 3.335Mediterranean low vegetation (Monte leñoso) 3.693Grassland (Erial a pastos) 3.723TOTAL 19.002

T A B L E 3A W M S ( % ) N A T I O N A L I N V E N T O R Y v s . D E F A U L T I P C C ( W E S T E R N E U R O P E )

L i q u i d / s l u r r y D r y l o t D a i l y s p r e a d

A n i m a l E q u a t i o n%

n a t i o n a li n v e n t o r .

%I P C CW . E .

E q u a t i o n%

n a t i o n a li n v e n t o r .

%I P C CW . E .

E q u a t i o n%

n a t i o n a li n v e n t o r .

%I P C CW . E .

N o n D a i r y C a t t l e

100

2010075.0

p2 , 4 5 5

100

8010075.0

p9 , 4 2 p 10025.0 3 , 9 0

D a i r y C a t t l e 1 5 1 5 4 6 5 9 5 9 2 1 2 5 2 5 2 4P o u l t r y 0 0 1 3 7 5 7 5 1 2 5 2 5 0

S h e e p

100

2010075.0

p1 , 5 0

100

8010075.0

p5 , 9 2 p 10025.0 2 , 5 0

S w i n e

100

9010075.0

p6 2 7 7

100

1010075.0

p6 , 9 2 3 p 10025.0 2 3 0

G o a t 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0E q u i n e 7 , 5 7 , 5 0 3 0 3 0 0 1 2 , 5 1 2 , 5 0

P a s t u r e O t h e r sA n i m a l E q u a t i o n % N

e x c r e t e d% I P C C

W . E . E q u a t i o n % Ne x c r e t e d

% I P C CW . E .

N o n D a i r y C a t t l e P 8 4 , 3 3 3 0 0 1 0D a i r y C a t t l e 0 0 8 1 1 1P o u l t r y 0 0 2 0 0 8 4S h e e p P 9 0 , 1 8 7 0 0 1 1S w i n e P 8 , 1 0 0 0 0G o a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 8 7 0 0 1 1E q u i n e 5 0 5 0 9 6 0 0 4

P i s t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f a n i m a l o n p a s t u r e .

T h e m a n u r e a l l o c a t i o n t o A W M S i s d i ff e r e n t i a t e d f o r t h e v a r i o u s a n i m a l s u b c a t e g o r i e s . T h e a l l o c a t i o n p e r c e n t a g e i s w e i g h t e d b y N e x c r e t i o n , n o t b yn u m b e r o f h e a d s . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f m a n u r e a l l o c a t i o n t o A W M S a r e b e i n g r e v i s e d w i t h d a t a f r o m n e w fi e l d s t u d i e s .

T A B L E 4S M O O T H I N G F U N C T I O N S B Y T E M P E R A T U R E

T h e d i s c r e t i s e d I P C C M C F s f a c t o r s b y c l i m a t i c r e g i o n h a v e b e e n s m o o t h l y a d j u s t e d b y a f u n c t i o n t h a t d e p e n d s o n t e m p e r a t u r e ( a n c h o r a g et e m p e r a t u r e s : 1 0 º C f o r c o o l , 2 0 º C f o r t e m p e r a t e , 2 8 º C f o r w a r m ) . A s i m i l a r s m o o t h i n g f u n c t i o n h a s b e e n a p p l i e d t o m a n u r e m a n a g e m e n tr e g a r d i n g o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s d e f a u l t e m i s s i o n s f a c t o r s .

T h e a d o p t e d s m o o t h e d f u n c t i o n f o r M C F i s a s f o l l o w s :mtbMCFtMCF )10()10()(

w h e r e :

M C F ( t ) = E m i s s i o n f a c t o r a t t t e m p e r a t u r e .

b , m = P a r a m e t e r s d e p e n d i n g o n t h e m a n u r e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m .

P A R A M E T E R S “ b ” A N D “ m ” F O R T H E E S T I M A T E O F M C F B Y T E M P E R A T U R E

C o o l T e m p e r a t e W a r m m bP a s t u r e 1 1 , 5 2 1 , 1 7 9 0 , 0 3 3D a i l y s p r e a d 0 , 1 0 , 5 1 1 , 3 8 0 0 , 0 1 7S o l i d s t o r a g e 1 1 , 5 2 1 , 1 7 9 0 , 0 3 3D r y l o t 1 1 , 5 5 3 , 5 3 8 0 , 0 0 0 1L i q u i d s y s t e m s 3 9 4 5 7 2 2 , 9 0 0 0 , 0 0 8A n a e r o b i c l a g o o n 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 1 0 0P i t S t o r a g e ( < 1 m o n t h ) 0 0 3 0 1 , 6 3 6 1P i t S t o r a g e ( > 1 m o n t h ) 3 9 4 5 7 2 2 , 9 0 0 0 , 0 0 8A n a e r o b i c d i g e s t e r 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 1 0 0B u r n e d f o r f u e l 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

TABLE 5VS FOR SWINE: ALTERNATIVE WEIGHTED FACTOR

Assuming vs. IPCC default value is 0.5 kg/head day for a 82 kg swine.

Alternatively, a VS weighted factor could be derived assuming a linear relation between VS and Animal Weight, where0,5 kg/head*day VS 82 kg. animal weight(1)

Subcategory Mean weight(1),(2)

(kg)Weighted factor(1)

(kg/ head day)

Piglet 8,0 0,0488

Swine from 20 to 49 kg 34,5 0,2104

From 50 to 79 kg 64,5 0,3933

From 80 to 109 kg 94,5 0,5762Swines for slaughter

From 110 kg 152,0 0,9268

Boar 159,5 0,9730

Not covered 80,0 0,4878Neverfarrowed Covered 140,0 0,8537

Not covered 170,0 1,0366

Breeder more than50 kg Sows

FarrowedCovered 200,0 1,2195

(1): MAPA-WG on GHG&NB.(2): All weights involved are live weight.

TABLE 6N EXCRETION IN ANIMAL SUBCATEGORIES

Several N excretion budgets has been considered. In CRF submission 2003, based essentially, as well as submission 2002, in “Near East andMediterranean” the age adjustment factor, table 4.14 of IPCC Good Practices, has been revised for swine 50-79 kg from adult to juvenilesegment.

There are presently several studies in process to select the most appropriate N excretion budgets.

CRF submission 2002Near East and Medit.

Alternative option consideredCRF submission 2003

Near East and Medit. (revised)ANIMAL

Number ofAnimals kg

N/headyear

Kg N/yearMeanvalue

kgN/head

yearKg N/year

Meanvalue

kgN/head

yearKg N/year

Meanvalue

Piglets 6.945.655 8,00 55.565.240 1,19 8.265.330 8,00 55.565.243

Swine from 20 to 49 kg l.w. 5.360.820 8,00 42.886.560 5,76 30.878.325 8,00 42.886.563

From 50 to 79 kg l.w. 4.996.026 16,00 79.936.416 8,50 42.466.221 8,00 39.968.208

From 80 to 109 kg l.w. 3.761.343 16,00 60.181.488 8,50 31.971.416 16,00 60.181.488Swine forslaughter

From 110 kg l.w. 1.130.546 16,00 18.088.736 8,50 9.609.637 16,00 18.088.728

Boar 103.327 16,00 1.653.232 18,00 1.859.880 16,00 1.653.227

Not covered 216.495 16,00 3.463.920 14,79 3.201.961 16,00 3.463.920Neverfarrowed Covered 238.378 16,00 3.814.048 14,79 3.525.606 16,00 3.814.043

Not covered 1.548.261 16,00 24.772.176 14,79 22.898.775 16,00 24.772.171

Breeder morethan 50 kgl.w. Sows

FarrowedCovered 696.977 16,00 11.151.632

12,06

14,79 10.308.285

6,60

16,00 11.151.627

10,46

TOTAL 24.997.827 301.513.448 164.985.435 261.545.216

115%/+15% 63%/-37% 100%/0%

The age interval of swine subcategories are not precisely delimited and so it’s possible that other subcategories could be reallocated from adultto juvenile (or viceversa).

TABLE 7NH3 EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Ratio kg N kg NH3

100901 Dairy CattleN excretion in housing 60Emission in housing 12% 7,2 8,7N in outside storage 52,8Emission in outside storage 6% 3,17 3,8N available for landspreading 49,63… of which mineral N 50% 24,82Emission of landspreading 40% 9,93 12,1Total ammonia emission 28,5

Source: EMEP-CORINAIR Guidebook (B1090-30).

The factors are expressed directly on the basis of the nitrogen excreted, by calculating the factors in the table above over and over for eachphase of the generation-handling-application.Three stages of handling-application: Stabulation, Storage and Fertilization.The factor in grazing is calculated starting in the stage “N available for landspreading”(1). The factor in stabled is the sum of the stagesStabulation and Storage.

Animal Grazing Stabled FertilizationAsses 0,1000 0,1728 0,0827Poultry - 0,2320 0,1536Non-dairy cattle 0,2000 0,1728 0,1654Horses 0,1000 0,1728 0,0827Goats 0,1000 0,1540 0,0846Mules 0,1000 0,1728 0,0827Other poultry - 0,2240 0,1552Sheeps 0,1000 0,1540 0,0846Swines 0,2000 0,2198 0,1560Dairy cattle 0,2000 0,1728 0,1654

(1): MAPA-WG on GHG&NB.

Nincorporated

to soils

N2O-Ndirect

N2O-Ndirect

from animalproduction

N2O-Nindirect

FSN FAW FBN FCR AD L-R

Inorganicfertilizers

N in manureapplied to

soils(no pasture)

N in compost

and sludge

N fixedby pulse

N frompasturelands

N in cropresidues

N excretedby pasture

animals

Inorganicfertilizers

N in manureapplied to

soils(1)

kginorganicfertilizers

Number ofanimals

N excretedAWMS

kginorganicfertilizers

kg compostproduced

Hayields

HaHa

yields

Number ofanimals

N excretedAWMS

Number ofanimals

N excretedAWMS

TABLE 8PATHS OF N INPUTS TO SOILS AND N2O EMISSION WAYS

(Figures in tonnes of N)

2.159.878

1.465.755 337.82168% 16% 356.302

999.241 312.917 44.63046% 15% 2% 108.967 5% 294.288 5%356.30216%

16%

(1): Plus N in compost and sludge.

T A B L E 9

P R O P O S E D R E V I S I O N S I P C C E Q U A T I O N S : F A W A N D F R A C G A S M

T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l p r o p o s a l s t o r e v i s e t h e b a s i c I P C C f o r m u l a e .

T h e f o r m u l a f o r F A W c o u l d b e c o r r e c t e d t o s u b t r a c t t h e N a m o u n t e m i t t e d a s N 2 O a n d N H 3 i n t h e m a n u r e m a n a g e m e n tp h a s e s .

)1()1()1( )(3)(2 G A S MA WMSA WMSG R A ZE XA W Fr acFr acNHOFr acNFr acNF

w h e r e

F r a c N 2 O ( A W M S ) = F r a c t i o n o f N e m i t t e d a s N 2 O d u r i n g h o u s i n g a n d s t o r a g e .

F r a c N H 3 ( A W M S ) = F r a c t i o n o f N e m i t t e d a s N H 3 d u r i n g h o u s i n g a n d s t o r a g e .

T h e d e f a u l t I P C C v a l u e f o r F r a c G A S M ( 2 0 % ) c o u l d b e r e p l a c e d b y t h e i m p l i c i t e m i s s i o n f a c t o r d e r i v e d f r o m d i r e c t N O X

a n d N H 3 e m i s s i o n s i n m a n u r e m a n a g e m e n t .

F I E L D B U R N I N G : “ N ” a n d “ C ” R E L A T E D G A S E S

N i n c r o p s i s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e N i t r o g e n B a l a n c e i n A g r i c u l t u r e , a n d s o e m i s s i o n s o f N r e l a t e d g a s e s ( N O X , N 2 O ) c a n b ee s t i m a t e d w i t h o u t r e s o r t t o N / C r a t i o .

F o r C r e l a t e d g a s e s , C H 4 , C O a n d N M V O C , I P C C m e t h o d o l o g y d e p e n d s o n d a t a o f t a b l e 4 - 1 7 ( G u i d e l i n e s ) . B u t a st a b l e 4 . 1 7 i s n o t c o m p l e t e l y fi l l e d , s o e m i s s i o n s o f C - g a s e s c a n n o t b e c a l c u l a t e d f o r m a n y c r o p s . T h e c o m p l e t i o n o f t h i sd a t a t a b l e w o u l d h e l p i m p r o v e t h e i n v e n t o r y c o m p l e t e n e s s .

PROVINCIALPRODUCTIONS

PROVINCIALYIELDS(t/ha)

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUMEXTRACTION (kg/t)

MINIMUM AND MAXIMUMYIELD (t/ha)

FOR EACH CROP

NITROGEN EXTRACTIONCOEFFICIENTS FOR EACH

CROP AND PROVINCE (kg/t)

EXTRACTED NITROGEN DISTRIBUTIONCROP/REST (Plant;stubble and roots)

CROP (fruit) / REST (Leaves; Wood; Roots)

EXTRACTED N DESTINATION(Retired, Pastured,Burned or Residual)

TOTAL NITROGENEXTRACTION

FOR EACH CROPAND PROVINCE

FRACTIONS OF RETIREDNITROGEN AND RESIDUE

% RETIRED CROP % PASTURE% BURNING % RESIDUE

RETIRED N / PASTURED N / BURNING N / RESIDUAL N(crop, crops group and total)

TABLE 10METHODOLOGY FOR THE CALCULATION

OF THE NITROGEN EXTRACTION BY THE CROPS (B.N.A.E.)(1)

(1): MAPA-WG on GHG&NB.