spanish for pharmacists

© 2000 Hands on Spanish™ All Rights Reserved. The author of this course shall not be held responsible for any harm which may come from a person’s usage (correct or incorrect) of the information within.

...AND CONTINUING EDUCATION.COM

PRESENT:

SPANISH FOR PHARMACISTS

Author: Stephanie H. Langston M.Ed. Foreign Language Education

A.B. Spanish A.B.J. Telecommunication Arts

Former Pharmacy Technician & Interpreter for Revco (CVS) and Wal-Mart Adjunct Assistant Professor of Spanish, Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia Adjunct Assistant Professor of Spanish, Georgia Perimeter College

Lawrenceville, Georgia Owner & Developer of Hands on Spanish, a language service company

Monroe, Georgia

Accreditation

Educational Review Systems is approved by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) as a provider of Continuing

Pharmaceutical Education. This program is acceptable for 6.0 hours of Continuing Education Credits

(0.6 CEUs) ACPE Program I.D. Number:

The price of this course is: $50.00


GOALS & OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE: After the successful completion of this course, participants should be able to:

1. correctly pronounce any word in Spanish,

2. understand basic Spanish grammar and use complete sentences when

communicating,

3. greet a Spanish-speaking patient and obtain personal information,

including drug allergies, medical conditions and medications that the

patient is already taking,

4. obtain information about a Spanish-speaking patient's insurance and

communicate any problems with that insurance,

5. tell the patient in Spanish when a prescription will be ready and if the

medication needs to be ordered,

6. communicate in Spanish any problems with refills and request that the

patient contact his/her physician,

7. give proper directions for taking a prescription and any necessary

warnings about the medicine and its possible side effects in Spanish and

8. discuss symptoms and over-the-counter medications with the

Spanish-speaking patient.


INTRODUCTION:

¡Bienvenidos! Welcome to Spanish for Pharmacists. Congratulations on your decision to learn Spanish! You are to be commended for your willingness to go above the call of duty to serve your customers in their native language. As you know, the number of Spanish speakers living in the US is increasing rapidly and will continue the uphill trend. By learning Spanish for your profession you are ensuring optimal service to patients and optimal understanding on their part. Fewer errors and miscommunications will be the end result. Liability is always a concern, ¿sí? Also, you are increasing your customer base with the ability to service those who cannot speak English well. Spanish speakers tend to be very loyal and they will continue to do business with you if you take extra steps to make them comfortable. And trust me...the word will spread! We at Hands on Spanish understand your hectic job. I personally worked as a pharmacy technician while in college. I was used as an interpreter, as well. I learned first-hand the types of information a pharmacist needs to know for better communication with Spanish-speaking customers. We understand how demanding your job is and how little spare time you have due to very long shifts. Thus we have customized this program which will teach you only the Spanish you need for your profession. We will teach vital pronunciation skills since you will be speaking the language much more frequently than you will be writing it. We then teach grammatical formulas that will enable you to put together any necessary phrase or sentence for a variety of situations. You will only learn the grammar you need. Our job is to teach you the communication skills necessary for your job. You will then learn some basic terminology good for any situation including greetings, numbers, days and times. This section will prime you for what’s to come. It will also enable you to engage in small talk with any Spanish speaker. The last section is vital. It contains all of the specific pharmaceutical terminology which you will need. It covers body parts, symptoms, conditions, drugs, allergies, SIGS, insurance information and patient information, among other topics. This section contains expressions that are already put together for your use as well as easy formulas for you to create your own phrases. Remember -- this is a reference course. You will not learn all of this content in six hours. The teaching portion is meant to orient you to the subject matter. You will learn by continuously practicing the phrases you find most helpful and useful. Practice on the job as often as you can. The audio tapes and CDs (see the reference link to the left) provide a way to practice outside of the pharmacy. You can pop them in the car or at home for more oral practice. The more you listen to them and the more you practice your new language, the more comfortable you will be communicating in it. Good luck! ¡Buena suerte!


LA PRONUNCIACIÓN

Is your Spanish pronunciation RED HOT? Don't worry! It can be with a little help! The good news is that Spanish sounds as it looks. Each vowel has the same pronunciation in every situation. There are only 3 stress rules in Spanish. By contrast, a book on English pronunciation contains a section on English stress rules which is 35 PAGES long! Once you have learned the sounds and rules presented in this section, you will be able to pronounce ANY WORD IN SPANISH!

Las Vocales All vowels are always pronounced in Spanish. There is no silent "e." Furthermore, they are always pronounced like this: letter sound type a ah strong *Note: Two strong vowels e ay strong are two separate i ee weak syllables: mu-se-o o oh strong Otherwise, 2 vowels u ew weak combine to form one syllable: ciu-dad The key to sounding as authentic as possible is to keep the vowels short. Spanish vowels are very choppy; they are never drawn out as in English. This is one reason that Spanish sounds faster than English.

Las Consonantes

If a consonant is not listed, it has the same pronunciation in English and Spanish. letter sound c s (soft) before an "e" or "i" Try: cita, ciudad, centro k (hard) before any other vowel Try: carta, comer, cura * "cc" is pronounced "ks" Try: accento, lección ch (one letter) ch Try: chico, muchacho d softer than in English "th" in the middle or at the end Try: dedo, ciudad


g h (soft) before an "e" or "i" Try: gente, gitano g (hard) before other vowels Try: gato, golpe, gustar h ALWAYS SILENT Try: hola, hasta letter sound j h Try: José, Juan ll (one letter) y Try: llamo, llenar ñ ny Try: español q k (never kw) Try: que, quien r like "dd" in "ladder" Try: hablar, carta trilled /repeated at the Try: cara, receta beginning of a word or between vowels rr (one letter) trilled/repeated Try: perro, jarra t softer than in English Try: todo, receta v like a soft "b" Try: varias, verde x ks before vowels Try: examen s before consonants Try: extra z s Try: zapatos, lápiz

Stress Rules

The "stress" refers to the natural emphasis put on the strongest syllable of a word. For example, the word "father" is stressed on the first syllable. In Spanish, there are three simple rules that ALWAYS apply. Use these rules along with the pronunciation guide above to help you pronounce any Spanish word you encounter. 1. If a word ends in a vowel, an "n" or an "s", the natural stress falls on the next-to-last syllable. Try: cara, receta, hablan, zapatos 2. Otherwise, the natural stress falls on the last syllable. Try: hablar, ciudad, comer 3. Any exceptions to these rules will carry a written accent where the stress should fall. Try: lápiz, José, alegría

Other Notes 1. Question marks and exclamation points are also written at the front of a sentence/phrase, but they are upside-down. Ex: ¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted? 2. Accent marks are extremely important in Spanish since they tell us how


to pronounce a word, and sometimes even tell us what a word means. For example: esta = this, but está = is. The accent mark/stress mark is always written the same way: ´ Accent marks are written over interrogative words: ¿Qué? ¿Quién? The mark is over the strong vowel, not the weak one(s). These words only carry the accent mark when they are used to ask questions, never when they are used to give information. Ex: ¿Qué dice el doctor? What does the doctor say? Él dice que tiene prisa. He says that he's in a hurry. When an accent mark is written over a word with only one syllable, it is to distinguish that word from another without an accent mark. Ex: el = the but él = he si = if but sí = yes tu = your but tú = you

TAKE TEST 1 NOW.


LA GRAMÁTICA Don't worry! I've condensed it

and organized it for you! In this section you'll learn just enough Spanish grammar to help you in your specific profession. You'll learn about noun and adjective agreement, articles, pronouns and verbs. So relax, take a deep breath and dive in!

LOS SUSTANTIVOS (NOUNS) In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. This is not to say that " la computadora " is a girl and that " el teléfono " is a boy. Linguistic gender is very different from how we view gender. Liguistic gender was carried into Spanish from Latin. It is a very important part of each noun. The gender of a noun determines the form of any adjective or article that describes it. You will use the article "el" with masculine words and "la" with feminine words. They both mean "the." Generally, if a noun ends in the letter -o, it is masculine. If it ends in the letter -a, it is feminine. Of course, there are exceptions: el agua , la mano, el día , la radio, etc. The safest way to memorize the gender of a noun is to memorize its article ("el " or " la " ) with it. You can color-code nouns on flash cards to help you remember their gender. Here are some nouns for you to learn: Masculine Nouns Feminine Nouns el papel (paper) la computadora (computer) el bolígrafo (pen) la forma (form) el libro (book) la caja (cash register) el dinero en efectivo (cash) la tarjeta de crédito (credit card) el cheque (check) la calculadora (calculator) el cupón (coupon) la botella (bottle) el lápiz (pencil) la farmacia (pharmacy) el medicamento (medication) la receta (prescription) el seguro (insurance) la medicina (medicine) el hospital (hospital) la droga (drug) el teléfono (telephone) la oficina (office) el mensaje (message) la clínica (clinic) **If the noun is a person, the linguistic gender is always the same as the actual physical gender: el hombre (man) la mujer (woman)


el chico / el muchacho (boy) la chica / la muchacha (girl) el niño (little boy - child) la niña (little girl - child) el novio (boyfriend/fianceé) la novia (girlfriend/fianceé) el amigo (friend -male) la amiga (friend- female) el farmacéutico (male pharmacist) la farmacéutica (female pharmacist) el técnico (male technician) la técnica (female technician) el doctor (male doctor) la doctora (female doctor) el enfermero (male nurse) la enfermera (female nurse) el secretario (male secretary) la secretaria (female secretary) el esposo / el marido (husband) la esposa / la mujer (wife) el padre (father) la madre (mother) el hijo (son) la hija (daughter) el hermano (brother) la hermana (sister) el abuelo (grandfather) la abuela (grandmother) el tío (uncle) la tía (aunt) el primo (cousin-male) la prima (cousin-female) el paciente (patient-male) la paciente (patient-female) el cliente (male customer) la cliente (female customer) Now that you've learned about the gender of nouns, you must learn the other aspect: number. This one is much easier. All nouns have two forms: singular and plural. To make a singular noun plural, simply add an -s to the end if the word ends in a vowel. Ex: amigo > amigos, farmacia > farmacias. If the word ends in a consonant, add an -es to the end of the word. Example: ciudad (city) > ciudades (cities).

LOS ADJETIVOS Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns. There are many different types of adjectives. All adjectives have one thing in common, however: THEY MUST ALL AGREE IN NUMBER AND IN GENDER WITH THE NOUNS THAT THEY MODIFY. If the noun is masculine and singular, then the adjective must also be masculine, singular. If the noun is feminine and plural, then the adjective must be feminine and plural. You get the idea! Let's begin with:


Los Artículos Articles always come BEFORE nouns, just like in English. For example, "the car" is "el carro." All articles (like any other adjective) have four forms: masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural and feminine plural. There are two kinds of articles: definite and indefinite. Definite articles refer to specific objects: "el amigo" (the friend). They use definite articles much more frequently in Spanish than we do in English. You've already learned the singular definite articles: el and la. The plural forms are los and las. They all mean "the." Example: masculine feminine singular el amigo la amiga (the male friend) (the female friend) plural los amigos las amigas (the male friends) (the female friends) Indefinite articles refer to non-specific objects: "un amigo" (a friend). The singular forms mean "a" or "an." The plural forms mean "some." The indefinite articles are: un, una, unos & unas. masculine feminine singular un amigo una amiga (a male friend) (a female friend) plural unos amigos unas amigas (some male friends) (some female friends)

Adjetivo Descriptivos Descriptive adjectives almost always come AFTER nouns. For example, "carro nuevo" means "new car." This will seem strange now, but will feel normal after awhile.

If the adjective ends in the letter -o (masculine singular form), you can change the -o to an -a (feminine singular form). You can add the letter -s to either to make the plural form. Here is a chart to illustrate:


masculine feminine singular amigo simpático amiga simpática (nice male friend) (nice female friend) plural amigos simpáticos amigas simpáticas (nice male friends) (nice female friends) If the adjective ends in the letter -e, you will not change the ending to agree with the gender. You can think of the -e as standing for "either." It is gender neutral. You will still need to add an -s to make the plural forms. Example: masculine feminine singular amigo inteligente amiga inteligente (intelligent male friend) (intelligent female friend) plural amigos inteligentes amigas inteligentes (intelligent male friends) (intelligent female friends) Finally, a few adjectives end in a consonant, not a vowel. Therefore, the masculine singular form is the one that ends in the consonant. Just add an -a to the end to make it feminine. Add an -s to make the feminine form plural and add an -es to make the masculine form plural (remember: if a word ends in a consonant, you have to add an -es to make the word plural). Example follows:

masculine feminine singular amigo español amiga española (Spanish male friend) (Spanish female friend) plural amigos españoles amigas españolas (Spanish male friends) (Spanish female friends)


Examples of Descriptive Adjectives /Ejemplos de Adjetivos Descriptivos Here are some descriptive adjectives for you to learn. The form I'm giving you is the masculine, singular. You must change the endings according to the above rules in order to make these adjectives agree with the nouns that you want to describe. In a later section, you’ll learn more about when to use these adjectives. PERMANENT CHARACTERISTICS: grande (big) / pequeño (small) joven (young) / anciano (old-person) bueno (good) / malo (bad) nuevo (new) / viejo (old - object) alto (tall) / bajo (short) delgado (thin) / gordo (fat) dulce (sweet) / agrio (sour) caro (expensive) / barato (inexpensive) TEMPORARY CHARACTERISTICS: sano (healthy) / enfermo (sick) fuerte (strong) / débil (weak) mejor (better) / peor (worse) relajado(relaxed)/ preocupado(worried)

Adjetivos de Cantidad

Adjectives of quantity always come BEFORE nouns. The most obvious are numbers: dos amigos, tres amigos, cuatro amigos, cinco amigos, etc. Numbers just have one form. For example, there is only "cinco" (five). There is no such thing as "cinca, cincos or cincas." The only number that does change forms is the number "one," which we'll discuss later. The most common adjectives of quantity which are not numbers are the words: mucho & poco. The singular forms: "mucho/mucha" mean "much of " or "a lot of" and "poco/poca" mean " a little of." When they are in their plural forms, "muchos/muchas" mean "many" and "pocos/pocas" mean "few."

masculine feminine singular mucho dinero mucha comida (much money) (a lot of food) poco dinero poca comida (a little money) (a little food) plural muchos amigos muchas amigas (many male friends) (many female friends) pocos amigos pocas amigas (few male friends) (few female friends)


Adjetivos Posesivos Possessive adjectives come BEFORE nouns. They let us know who owns the object. For example: mi amigo = my friend. Possessive adjectives agree with the objects that they describe, not with the people that own the objects. For example: mis amigos = my friends. The word "mis" does not imply that I am more than one person; instead, it states that I have more than one friend. The possessive adjectives that you will need to know for your profession are gender neutral; you will not change the endings to agree with the gender of the object described. You will only need to add an -s to describe more than one object. For example, "su" can mean "his," her," "your," or "their." It changes to "sus" to describe more than one object. Examples follow. singular mi amigo (my friend) su amigo (his/her/your/their friend) plural mis amigos (my friends) sus amigos (his/her/your/their friends) If you want to state the name of the person to whom something belongs, you must state possession "the long way around." In English, we use the 's as a short-cut. In Spanish, there is no such thing as an apostrophe-s. To say "Teresa's car," you must say "el carro de Teresa" (the car of Teresa). Thus, "Sara's medicine" would be "la medicina de Sara" (the medicine of Sara).

Adjetivos Demonstrativos Demonstrative adjectives let you know which objects are being referred to. For example: "Yo quiero esta comida, no esa comida." means "I want this food, not that food." Of course, there are four forms of "this/these" in Spanish (so that gender and number agreement can be achieved): este, esta, estos & estas. There are also four forms of "that/those" : ese, esa, esos & esas. Example:


masculine feminine singular este amigo esta amiga (this male friend) (this female friend) ese amigo esa amiga (that male friend) (that female friend) plural estos amigos estas amigas (these male friends) (these female friends) esos amigos esas amigas (those male friends) (those female friends)

IMPORTANT LITTLE WORDS There are two very important little words in Spanish that deserve special mention: "a" and "de". Since they are prepositions (NOT adjectives), they only have one form. The word "a" can mean "to" or "at". The word "de" can mean "of" or "from". The meaning is determined by context. For example: "Soy de Georgia." means "I'm from Georgia." "Hablo un poco de español." means "I speak a little of Spanish." Another important note about these words is that when they are followed by the masculine, singular, definite article "el," then they form the ONLY CONTRACTIONS IN SPANISH. a + el = al de + el = del al means "to the" or "at the" del means "of the" or "from the" "Voy al hospital." "Juan es el padre del niño." (I'm going to the hospital.) (Juan is the father of the child.)

PRONOMBRES (PRONOUNS) Pronouns take the place of nouns. They eliminate redundancy. For example: "Mary is my friend. Mary is nice. Mary is tall." sounds awful! Instead, we would say: "Mary is my friend. She is nice and tall." In Spanish: "María es mi amiga. Ella es simpática y alta." You will only need to learn certain pronouns in order to speak Spanish for your profession. They are all singular.

I = yo you = usted she = ella he = él


"Yo" is first person. When speaking of yourself, you use first person.

When speaking about others, you use third person. Therefore, "usted, ella & él" are all third person. Caution! Note the accent on "él." If you leave it off, it changes the meaning of the word from " he " to " the."

One more important note about pronouns in Spanish is that you do not have to use them. You should use them if your subject is unclear; however, once the subject is clear, you may omit the pronoun. This is very different from English. For example, in English, you must say , " He speaks French. He is from France. He is tall." You cannot leave off the subject pronouns. In Spanish, however, you can say, " Él habla francés. Es de Francia. Es alto." We only used the word "él" once. Here's another example: "Yo hablo español." and "Hablo español." both mean "I speak Spanish," even though the word I only appears in the first sentence. PRONOUNS ARE VERY IMPORTANT. WITHOUT THEM, WE WOULD NOT KNOW HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB TO AGREE WITH THEM. Now for our final part of speech: the verb.

TAKE TEST 2 NOW. LOS VERBOS

As I just mentioned, the pronouns tell you how to form your verbs. For example, I wouldn't say " I walks to work." The word "walks" is the form that you would use with " he & she. " Nor would I say "I to walk to work." In that sentence, the verb has not even been conjugated (changed) at all! It is in its infinitive or pure form. To make the verb agree with the subject, we must take it out of its infinitive form and conjugate it into a form that does agree with the subject. Therefore, the correct sentence would be, "I walk to work." Does that make sense?

Los Infinitivos Spanish has different endings for the different forms just like

English does. All Spanish infinitives end in one of the following combinations of letters: -ar, -er, -ir. Those endings are the equivalent of saying "to" in English. For example: "hablar" means to speak "comer" means to eat "vivir" means to live

La Primera Persona Singular (yo)

We must also learn the form of each verb that we can use with the pronoun "yo" (I). This is called the first person singular form of the verb. The verb forms that agree with yo almost always end in the letter -o. It's


a simple process. Simply take off the -ar, -er or -ir, and attach an -o. Thus:

Yo hablo means I speak. Yo como means I eat. Yo vivo means I live. You can also leave off the pronoun "yo" and they still mean the same thing. This is because the verb endings imply the pronouns with which they match. Hablo means I speak. Como means I eat. Vivo means I live.

La Tercera Persona Singular (usted, él, ella & "it" ) Finally, we need to learn the third person singular form of the verb.

This form is extremely important to learn because it is used with all of the following pronouns: usted (you), él (he) and ella (she). It is also used when the subject of a sentence is any other singular noun (not a person). In English, we would use the pronoun "it" to refer to such singular nouns. However, in Spanish, every noun has gender (masculine/feminine). Therefore, there is no such single pronoun to refer to objects. However, you can use this form of the verb to talk about singular objects.

To form the third person singular verb form, simply take off the -ar and add an -a, or take of the -er or -ir and add an -e. See the examples below which use the same verbs with different pronouns: Él habla = He speaks. Él come = He eats. Él vive = He lives. Ella habla = She speaks. Ella come = She eats. Ella vive = She lives. Usted habla = You speak. Usted come = You eat. Usted vive =You live. This is also the verb form that you would use when talking about a single person when using his/her name instead of the pronouns "él" and "ella" (he and she). For example: Juan habla. Juan come. Juan vive. (Juan speaks, eats & lives.) Sara habla. Sara come. Sara vive. (Sara speaks, eats & lives.) As was mentioned earlier, this is also the form that you use to refer to a singular object. For example: La muñeca habla.(The doll speaks.) El robot habla.(The robot speaks.)


Now that you know how to use pronouns and verbs, it is time for you to start building your verb repertoire. The verbs in this section will be most helpful in your profession. You will learn what they mean in English and you will see the infinitive (ending in -ar, -er & -ir), the first person singular (conjugated for "yo" and ending in -o), and the third person singular ( conjugated for él, ella & usted and ending in -a or -e). I've noted any irregular forms with this mark *. You will simply have to memorize these forms since they do not follow the patterns you've learned. Also, some Spanish verbs appear in bold. We will discuss these in the next section. English Infinitive (Span) 1st person 3rd person (to…) (-ar /-er /-ir) ( Yo…) (usted, él, ella) to open abrir abro abre to drink beber bebo bebe to walk caminar camino camina to close cerrar * cierro * cierra to eat comer como come to buy comprar compro compra to understand comprender comprendo comprende to know conocer * conozco conoce to give dar * doy da to ought to deber debo debe to say/tell decir * digo * dice to rest descansar descanso descansa to hurt doler * duelo * duele to sleep dormir * duermo * duerme to return devolver * devuelvo * devuelve to write escribir escribo escribe to listen escuchar escucho escucha to wait esperar espero espera to be estar * estoy * está to explain explicar explico explica to sign firmar firmo firma to talk/speak hablar hablo habla to go ir * voy * va to read leer leo lee to call llamar llamo llama to fill (out) llenar lleno llena to mix mezclar mezclo mezcla


to look/watch mirar miro mira to need necesitar necesito necesita to hear oír * oigo * oye to pay pagar pago paga to ask for pedir * pido * pide to be able to poder * puedo * puede to put/place poner * pongo pone to prefer preferir * prefiero * prefiere to ask preguntar pregunto pregunta to prepare preparar preparo prepara to want to querer * quiero quiere to prescribe recetar * receto * receta to pick up recoger * recojo recoge to return regresar regreso regresa to repeat repetir * repito * repite to require requerir * requiero * requiere to breathe respirar * respiro * respira to know saber * sé sabe to leave salir * salgo sale to be ser * soy * es to follow seguir * sigo * sigue to fill surtir surto surte to refill surtir de nuevo surto de nuevo surte de nuevo to have tener * tengo * tiene to take tomar tomo toma to work trabajar trabajo trabaja to bring traer * traigo trae to use usar uso usa to sell vender vendo vende to come venir * vengo * viene to see ver * veo * ve to live vivir vivo vive to return volver * vuelvo * vuelve


**There are a couple of other important verbs for you to learn. The verb hay means there is/there are. "Hay" only has one form. Also, you should know that "Me gusta..." means "I like..." (literally, it means "...is pleasing to me). The other form, "Le gusta..." means "He/She/You/ like(s)..." (literally, it means "...is pleasing to him/her/you).

Verbs That Have Similar Meanings Certain verbs in Spanish have very similar meanings. However, you do need to make a distinction since they are used differently. You can refer back to the verb list as you note these differences: Ser and estar: They both mean "to be." Use "ser" to describe the essence of something/someone. Use "estar" to desribe the state of being of something/someone. In other words, "ser" is used to decribe things that are more permanent and "estar" is used to describe things that are more temporary (like location and temporary conditions). "Ser" has many more uses and you will learn these in other segments of this manual. Refer to p.9. Use adjectives in the first section (permanent characteristics) w/ser and in the second section w/estar (temporary characteristics).

* Soy americano. (I'm American.) * Estoy enfermo. (I'm sick.) Saber and conocer: They both mean "to know." Use "saber" when speaking of factual or procedural knowledge. Use "conocer" when stating that you know (are familiar with) a person or place. * Ella sabe como tomar la medicina. * Ella conoce a Juan. Llenar and surtir: They both mean "to fill." However, "llenar" means "to fill out" as in a form, while "surtir" means "to fill" as in a prescription. * María llena la forma. * Yo surto la receta. Volver, devolver and regresar: They all mean "to return." Use "volver" or "regresar" when speaking of a person returning to a location. Use "devolver" to speak of an object that is being returned for a refund. * Yo vuelvo a casa. * Pepe devuelve la receta a la farmacia.


Preguntar and pedir: "Preguntar" means "to ask a question." "Pedir" means "to ask for something (a favor, an object)."

* Yo pregunto a la paciente que tipo de seguro médico tiene. (I ask the patient what type of medical insurance she has.) * La paciente pide otro medicamento. (The patient asks for another medication).

Using Two Verbs Together

Your Spanish will sound much more advanced once you are able to combine two verbs. You will also drastically increase the number of things you are able to communicate. You naturally combine verbs in English. For example: "You need to fill out this form." "You should take this medicine with water." "Can you return at 4:00?"

When you combine two verbs in Spanish, simply conjugate (change) the first verb and leave the second verb in the infinitive. The first verb will almost always be one of the following: deber, necesitar, poder, querer, tener. THESE VERBS WILL HELP YOU OBTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION FROM YOUR PATIENTS AND WILL ALSO ALLOW YOU TO POLITELY TELL YOUR PATIENTS WHAT TO DO. Here are some examples: (deber) Usted debe tomar la medicina tres veces cada día. You should take the medicine three times a (each) day. (necesitar) Usted necesita tomar la medicina con agua. You need to take the medicine with water. (poder) ¿Puede usted volver a las cuatro? Can you return at four? (querer) Yo quiero explicar a usted esta medicina. I want to explain to you this medicine. (tener) Yo tengo que llamar a la doctora. I have to call the doctor. *When using the verb "tener" with another verb, you

must put "que" (pronounced "kay) after "tener."


The most polite way of making a request in Spanish is to use the word "Pudiera..." [Could you (please)...]. Simply put an infinitive after it. Ex: ¿Pudiera llenar esta forma? Could you (please) fill out this form? You can also use some very general expressions to express similar sentiments. Again, just add an infinitive. For example: (es necesario) Es necesario tomar toda la medicina. It is necessary to take all of the medicine. (es importante) Es importante no beber el alcohol con esta medicina. It is important to not drink alcohol with this medicine. (es posible) ¿Es posible recoger la receta hoy? Is it possible to pick-up the prescription today?

El Futuro There is a very easy way to express future plans in Spanish without having to learn the future tense! The way that you are about to learn is so accurate that it is not even considered cheating! In fact, you already do this in English. Instead of saying "I will eat at 1:00," we normally say "I'm going to eat at 1:00." The meaning does not change. In Spanish, simply use a form of the verb " ir ", add the preposition "a" (to), and then add ANY VERB IN THE INFINITIVE FORM. Examples follow. Can you determine what they mean? Yo voy a llamar al doctor.

Yo voy a usar la forma genérica de la medicina. Yo voy a surtir la receta. Ella va a pagar con un cheque. Ella va a leer las direcciones. Él va a comprar la receta para su madre. ¿Usted va a dar la medicina a su hijo?

El Pasado There is also an easy way of expressing past actions in Spanish (otherwise, you would have to learn BOTH past Spanish tenses! ). Again, we


do the same in English sometimes. For example, instead of saying "I took the medicine," you can say "I have taken the medicine." In Spanish, simply use either he (I have) or ha (you have/he has/she has). "He" is pronounced "ay." "Ha" is pronounced "ah." Next, use the past participle of ANY verb you wish to use. The past participle of the verb "to take" in English would be "taken." Therefore, one would say, "I have taken the medicine." To form the past participle in Spanish, simply take off the infinitive endings and add either -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er and -ir verbs). Examples follow. See if you can determine what they mean.

Remember: -ar > -ado and -er / -ir > -ido Yo he preparado la receta. Yo he explicado la medicina a a la paciente. Yo he hablado con el doctor. Ella ha tomado la medicina. Usted ha venido para comprar medicina para mi abuela. Él ha seguído las direcciones.

¿Ha tenido usted estas síntomas antes?

Communicating Smoothly in Spanish ASKING QUESTIONS IN SPANISH: This is accomplished by simply reversing the order of the subject and verb: Usted habla español. You speak Spanish. ¿Habla usted español? Do you speak Spanish? ANSWERING QUESTIONS IN SPANISH: You can answer with a simple " Sí " or " No." You could also begin the sentence with "Sí" or "No" and follow it with the answer. ¿Habla usted español? Do you speak Spanish? Sí, hablo español. Yes, I speak Spanish. No, no hablo español. No, I don't speak Spanish. MAKING A STATEMENT NEGATIVE:Simply put the word "no" before the verb. Yo tomo la medicina. I take the medicine. Yo no tomo la medicina. I don’t take the medicine. Hablo español. I speak Spanish. No hablo español. I don’t speak Spanish.

TAKE TEST 3 NOW.


LO BÁSICO Yippee!! You're done with grammar! Now let's get down to the basics!

Before we get to the very specific pharmaceutical terminology, you must first learn the basics: greetings, courteous phrases, numbers, colors, days, months, how to tell time, how to use question words, etc. So let's get going!

Las Salutaciones Y La Cortesía Greetings & Courtesy

Here you will find basic greetings and courteous phrases to help you express your polite personality even in Spanish! I've also included some phrases and questions to help you in tight situations! English Spanish Hello! ¡ Hola ! What's your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted? What's his name? ¿Cómo se llama él? What's her name? ¿Cómo se llama ella? My name is... Me llamo... Pleasure to meet you. Mucho gusto. The pleasure is mine. El gusto es mío. How are you? ¿Cómo está usted? How is he? ¿Cómo está él? How is she? ¿Cómo está ella? Very well ! ¡ Muy bien ! Fairly well. Bastante bien. Not good, I'm sick. Muy mal. Estoy enfermo. And you? ¿ Y usted? How old are you/ he/ she? ¿Cuántos años tiene? How many months old is the baby? ¿Cuántos meses tiene el/la bebé? I am ___years old. Tengo___ años. and y or o Good morning. Buenos días.


Good afternoon. Buenas tardes. Good night. Buenas noches. sir / Mr. señor m'am / Mrs. señora Miss señorita please por favor thank you gracias you're welcome de nada I'm sorry. Lo siento. Bless you. Salud. Is there a problem? ¿Hay un problema? It's not a problem. No es un problema. It doesn't matter. No importa. How wonderful! ¡ Qué bien ! How awful! ¡ Qué lástima ! Careful! ¡ Cuidado ! Look! Watch! ¡ Mire ! Listen up! ¡ Oye ! Help! (in danger) ¡ Socorro ! Help me, please. (calm request) Ayúdeme, por favor. Of course. Claro. One moment. Un momento. Without a doubt! ¡ Sin duda ! I speak a little Spanish. Hablo un poco español. Do you speak English? ¿ Habla usted inglés? Slower, please. Más despacio, por favor. Repeat, please. Repita, por favor. again otra vez What (did you say) ? ¿Cómo? How do you say...? ¿Cómo se dice...? Write it down, please. Escríbalo por favor. What is it? ¿Qué es? What does it mean? ¿Qué significa? I don't understand. No comprendo. I don't know. No sé. Because... Porque. Because of ... / Due to... Debido a... Excuse me... Perdón...


Good-bye! ¡ Adiós ! See you later! ¡ Hasta luego ! See you tomorrow! ¡ Hasta mañana !

MORE BASICS

with con without sin Well… Pues... for por / para but pero always siempre never nunca maybe tal vez each/every cada every time cada vez before antes de after después de here (location) aquí there (location) allí deoderant el deoderante soap el jabón toothpaste la pasta dentífrica shampoo el champú dollar dólar dollars dólares cent(s) centavo(s)

LOS NÚMEROS

1 - 10: uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez 11-19: once, doce, trece, catorce, quince, dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho,diecinueve 20-29: veinte, veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés, veinticuatro, veinticinco, veintiséis, veintisiete, veintiocho, veintinueve 30-39: treinta, treinta y uno, treinta y dos, treinta y tres, treinta y cuatro treinta y cinco, treinta y seis, treinta y siete, treinta y ocho, treinta y nueve 40 - 90: [ Follow the pattern for 30-39 ] cuarenta, cincuenta, sesenta, setenta, ochenta, noventa


100-900: ciento, doscientos, trescientos, cuatrocientos, quinientos, seiscientos, setecientos, ochocientos, novecientos 1.000 mil ** The decimal and comma are the 2.000 dos mil opposite in Spanish numbers. 1.000.000 millón 2.000.000 dos millón 1999 = mil, novecientos, noventa y nueve

There are 33 pills. Hay treinta y tres píldoras.

LOS COLORES negro, bbblllaaannncccooo,,, gris, café, rosa, rojo, aaammmaaarrriii lll lllooo,,, verde, azul, violeta, anaranjado (orange)

LOS MESES January - December (not capitalized in Spanish)

enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre

LOS DÍAS (starting with Monday): lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes sábado, domingo

QUESTION WORDS VERY IMPORTANT WORDS TO LEARN!! YOU CAN USE THESE WORDS ALONE TO GET INFORMATION WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE TIME TO ASK THE ENTIRE QUESTION.

Who? ¿ Quién ? What? ¿ Qué ? When? ¿ Cuándo ? Where? ¿ Dónde ? Where is …? ¿ Dónde está…? Where’s the restroom? ¿ Dónde está el baño / la facilidad? …OR ¿ Dónde están los servicios/los aseos? Why? ¿ Por qué ?


Whose? ¿ De quién ? How? ¿ Cómo ? Which? ¿ Cuál ? How much? ¿ Cuánto/a ? How much is it (does it cost)? ¿ Cuánto cuesta ? OR ¿ Cuánto es? How many? ¿ Cuántos/as ? For how long? ¿ Hace cuánto tiempo ? What time is it? ¿ Qué hora es ? At what time? ¿ A qué hora ?

¿QUÉ HORA ES? Let's answer that last question! When giving the current time, there are certain steps for you to follow: 1. Start your sentence with " Son las... " unless you are closest to one o'clock in which case you would say, " Es la..." If it is 3:20, you would start your sentence, "Son las..." However, if it is 1:20, you would start your sentence, "Es la..." 2. State the NEAREST hour. If it is 4:15, you would begin your

phrase, " Son las cuatro..." However, if it is 4:45, you would begin your phrase " Son las cinco..."

3. Connect the hour and the minutes with either: " y " (and) or "menos" (minus). If it is the first half of the hour (from one minute to thirty minutes past), then you will use " y ." If it is the second half of the hour, you will use " menos." Using the above examples, 4:15 would be "Son las cuatro y..." 4:45 would be "Son las cinco menos..." 4. Next, you need to state the number of minutes either after the hour or before the hour that you stated (the latter will requiere some math!). 4:15 would be "Son las cuatro y quince." 4:45 would be "Son las cinco menos quince." 5. Finally, add any descriptive phrases you'd like. You will find these in the list below, along with some other helpful expressions you can use when talking about time.


** Some Spanish speakers will use “para” when subtracting minutes from the next hour and stating the minutes first. For example, instead of “Son las siete menos diez,” they might say “Son las diez para siete,” which would translate to It’s ten till seven or it’s ten of seven. ** There is an easier, more casual way of telling time. You can simply state the hour and then add the number of minutes. For example, 4:50 could be stated Son las cuatro y cincuenta. ** Many digital clocks in Spanish speaking countries and many schedules will display military time. At 1:00 p.m., the military time would display 13:00 and so on until 24:00 which is midnight.

English Spanish half (30 minutes ) past ...y media (or: y treinta) quarter (15 minutes) past ...y cuarto (or: y quince) quarter (15 minutes) until ...menos cuarto (or: menos quince) on the dot ...en punto a.m. ...de la mañana p.m. (until ~6:00) ...de la tarde p.m. (~6:00 until midnight) ...de la noche midnight medianoche noon mediodía 24 hours veinticuatro horas hour(s) hora(s) minute(s) minuto(s) second(s) segundo(s) day día night noche week semana month mes season estación year año now ahora later más tarde today hoy tomorrow mañana yesterday ayer this weekend este fin de semana


next weekend el fin de semana que viene next... ...que viene last week la semana pasada last... ...pasado/a In Spanish, they do not say a.m. or p.m. to describe the part of day. Instead, you will choose from: de la mañana, de la tarde, and de la noche. Use de la mañana to talk about any morning hour from midnight to noon. De la tarde refers to the afternoon hours. Depending upon what time supper is eaten in each of the different Spanish speaking countries, de la tarde might be used until 5, 6, 7, ,8 or 9 o’clock. De la noche is used from supper time until midnight.

¿A qué hora? When telling someone at what hour something will occur, follow the exact same steps as above and use the same list of expressions to help you. However, instead of beginning your sentence with "Es la..." or "Son las...", you will begin your sentence with "A la..." or "A las..." Examples follow. Paciente: Estoy aquí para recoger mi receta. Farmacéutico: Su receta no está lista. (It's not ready.) Paciente: Pues, ¿qué hora es? Farmacéutico: Ahora, son las cuatro y veinte. Paciente: ¿A qué hora necesito volver? Farmacéutico: ¿Pudiera volver a las seis menos cuarto?

¿Qué Hora Es...? 12 12 12 12

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

6 6 6 6

TAKE TEST 4 NOW.


EL VOCABULARIO FARMACEÚTICO Now let's get to the nitty gritty!

"The good news is that we have this medicine. The bad news

is that your insurance doesn't cover it and it costs 85 dollars!" Okay, since you give the good news first, so will I!

The good news is that you will learn the specific terminology for your field in this section and that many of them will look like and sound like the words that you are used to using in English! The reason is because most medical terminology comes from Latin. Almost all of Spanish comes from Latin !

The bad news is that this is the longest, most detailed section in the whole manual! There are many types of medicine and symptoms to learn. This section is meant to be very comprehensive so that you can use it as a reference section. It will be presented, when possible, in alphabetical order in English.

PARTES DEL CUERPO

There are times when patients may speak of parts of the body where they are experiencing pain or discomfort in order to seek your advice about the proper medicine to take. Later, you will learn how to ask which parts hurt, for how long, and what symptoms the patient has. For now, concentrate strictly on the anatomy! This section will be presented so that the Spanish words are in alphabetical order, since the patients will be telling you what parts are causing them problems. This way, you can find the English meaning more quickly. Remember, to make these parts plural, simply add and -s (or an -es if the word ends in a consonant) ! Spanish English abdomen abdomen amígdalas / anginas tonsils ano anus boca mouth brazo arm cabeza head cadera hip canal urethra


cara face codo elbow corazón heart costilla rib cuello neck cuero cabelludo scalp dedo finger dedo del pie toe diente tooth encías gums espalda back espinilla (de la pierna) shin estómago stomach frente forehead garganta throat hígado liver hombro shoulder ingle groin labio lip lengua tongue mano hand mejilla(s) cheek(s) miembro penis muela tooth/molar muñeca wrist muslo thigh nalgas buttocks nariz nose narices nostrils oído inner ear ojo eye oreja outer ear pantorrilla calf pecho chest pene penis pie foot piel skin pierna leg


pulmón lung recto rectum riñón kidney rodilla knee seno breast testículos testicles tobillo ankle uretra urethra vagina vagina vejiga bladder vientre abdomen (lower)

SOME RX BASICS You will be learning more about giving directions, warnings, side effects, names of medications, etc. in later sections. This section contains very basic information to get you started. English Spanish bottle la botella childproof lid la tapa a prueba de los niños container el envase easy-open lid la tapa que abre facilmente entrance la entrada exit la salida form la forma generic drug la medicina genérica generic form of… la forma genérica de… juice el jugo label (that you put on the bottle) la etiqueta milk la leche name-brand drug la medicina de marca registrada new prescription la receta nueva overdose una dosis excesiva poisoning un envenenamiento/una intoxicación patient information sheet la hoja de información sobre la medicina refill el surtido nuevo restroom el aseo/el baño/la facilidad/el servicio telephone el teléfono


El Seguro Médico / Medical Insurance Insurance--the necessary evil! Here's how to speak about it in Spanish. Do you have insurance? ¿Tiene usted seguro médico? I need your insurance card. Necesito su tarjeta de seguro médico. What type of insurance do you have? ¿Qué tipo de seguro médico tiene? What is the policy number? ¿Cuál es el número de la póliza? Any change in your insurance? ¿Algún cambio de seguro médico? We don't accept this insurance. No aceptamos este tipo de seguro. The insurance won't cover this drug. Su seguro médico no paga esta medicina. It only pays for the generic. Solamente paga la forma genérica. Should we fill it without insurance? ¿Quiere que la surtimos sin seguro? There's a problem with the insurance. Hay un problema con el seguro. We're going to call the company. Vamos a llamar a la compañía de seguro You need to call the company. Debe llamar a la compañía de seguro.

Frases Importantes / Important Phrases May I help you? ¿Cómo puedo servirle? Do you need help? ¿Necesita ayuda? Calm down, please. Cálmese, por favor. I'm speaking with the doctor. Estoy hablando con el/la doctor/a. I have to call the doctor. Tengo que llamar al / a la doctor/a. We don't have this drug. No tenemos esta medicina. We have to order this drug. Tenemos que pedir esta medicina. It contains the same ingredients. Contiene los mismos ingredientes. Can you wait _#__ minutes? ¿Puede usted esperar _#_ minutos? Can you return in _#_ minutes? ¿Puede usted volver en _#_ minutos? Can you return at_(time)_? ¿Puede usted volver a la(s) (hora)__? Can you return tomorrow? ¿Puede usted volver mañana? You have to call your doctor. Tiene que llamar a su doctor/a. You have to see your doctor. Tiene que ver a su doctor/a. There’s only one refill left. Sólo queda un surtido nuevo. The prescription is not ready. La receta no está lista. The prescription will be ready___ La receta va a estar lista___ YOUR PRESCRIPTION IS READY! ¡ SU RECETA ESTÁ LISTA ! The prescription is ready for… La receta está lista para…(name)


Written Information/Patient Information In addition to using these words and phrases orally, you can write

them on forms and/or signs. On the next two pages, you will find reproducible signs/forms that you may use. Here are a few helpful phrases: Consultation area las consultas Pick-up prescriptions here. Puede recoger las recetas aquí. Drop-off prescriptions here. Puede dejar las recetas aquí. **Hands on Spanish grants permission to reproduce the next two pages to use as patient information sheets in your pharmacy. Where the English translations do not appear on the following patient information sheet, you will find them in the actual text of this course.


Whenever possible, we fill prescriptions with generic medications. They are less expensive

and are approved by the FDA. Please let us know if you prefer namebrand medications.

Cuando sea posible, surtimos las recetas con medicinas genéricas. Son más baratas y aprobadas por la Administración de Medicinas y Comestibles. Por favor, díganos si usted prefiere las medicinas de marca registrada.

Confidential Patient Information Sheet Hoja Confidencial de Información sobre el/la Paciente

________________________________________________________________ Please complete this form so that we can check your prescriptions against health conditions and drug allergies. This information will remain confidential. It is your responsibility to update this information. Thank you. Por favor, llene esta forma para que podamos revisar sus recetas contra ciertas condiciones y alergias que usted tiene. Esta información es confidencial. La responsibilidad de poner al día esta información es suya. Gracias. Patient's full name/el nombre completo ______________________________________ last/apellido first/nombre initial/inicial Address/dirección_______________________________________________________ City/ciudad__________________ State/estado________ Zip code/zona postal_______ Home phone/número del teléfono de su casa ( )______________________ Work phone/número del teléfono de su trabajo ( )______________________ Date of birth/fecha de nacimiento __________/___________/___________ mes fecha año Sex/sexo_________ D.L.# or S.S. #/número de su licensia de conducir /seguro social___________________


____________________________________________________________________ DRUG ALLERGIES/ALERGIAS A MEDICINAS

none /ninguna _______ codeína_______ medicamento a base de sulfa______ aspirina_______ eritromicina_______ tetracyclina______ cefalosporina_______ penicilina_______ other/otra ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________ MEDICAL CONDITIONS/CONDICIONES MÉDICAS ____asma ____angina ____hipertensión/alta presión arterial ____glaucoma ____úlceras ____condición del tiroideo ____migraña ____cáncer ____condición del corazón ____epilepsia ____diabetes ____condición respiratoria ____está embarazada ____condición de la próstata ____le da de pecho ____otra(s)_____________ ______________________

______________________ ____________________________________________________________________

MEDICATIONS THAT YOU ARE TAKING/MEDICAMENTOS QUE ESTÁ TOMANDO (...PRESCRIPTION & NON-PRESCRIPTION/...QUE NECESITA RECETA Y NO)

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ OTHER QUESTIONS/OTRAS PREGUNTAS

1. ¿Tiene usted una tarjeta de seguro médico? sí_____ no_____ (Por favor, dénos la tarjeta con esta forma.) Do you have an insurance card? If so, leave it with us. 2. ¿Prefiere usted que surtamos la receta con la forma genérica? sí_____ no_____ Do you prefer generic drugs? 3. ¿Prefiere usted que pongamos una tapa a prueba de los niños? sí_____ no_____ Do you prefer a child-proof cap? 4. ¿Fuma usted? sí_____ no_____ Do you smoke? 5. ¿Toma usted el alcohol? sí_____ no_____ Do you drink alcohol? La firma____________________________________ La fecha ____/____/____


Los Síntomas/Las Condiciones / Symptoms / Conditions

It’s vital that you be able to understand the symptoms that a patient has. This section can be used as a reference when a Spanish-speaking patient lists his/her symptoms for you. You can also use it to determine what to ask of patients. Let’s practice a few. If a patient gives you information, he/she will use the first person (yo) form of the verb. If you ask a patient a question about him or her (or even about someone else), you will use the third person form of the verb (usted, él, ella). For example: Yo.... Usted / Él / Ella... Yo estoy embarazada. ¿Está usted embarazada? I am pregnant. Are you pregnant? ¿Está ella embarazada? Is she pregnant? Yo estoy dándole de pecho. ¿Está usted/ella dándole de pecho? I am breast-feeding. Are you/Is she breast-feeding? Yo estoy contagioso/a. ¿Está usted/él/ella contagioso/a? I am contagious. Are you/Is he/she contagious? Yo estoy mareado/a. ¿Está usted/él/ella mareado/a? I am dizzy. Are you/Is he/she dizzy? Yo soy hemofíloco/a. ¿Es usted/él/ella hemofílico/a? I am hemophilic. ¿Are you/Is he/she hemophilic? Use the verbs above when talking about those conditions/symptoms. However, for the rest of the conditions/symptoms that you will need to know, you can use the verb tener (to have). You can simply ask, “¿Tiene usted/él/ella ...?” and listen for, “ Yo tengo...” Here’s a sample dialogue to illustrate the use of the extremely important verb tener. Paciente: Estoy enfermo. Farm: ¿Tiene usted dolor (pain) de cabeza? Paciente: No. Tengo dolor del estómago. Farm: ¿Tiene usted la acidez del estómago? Paciente: No. Tengo la diarrea. Farm: Usted debe tomar el Immodium A-D ®. You see? You will ask the patient “¿Tiene usted...?” and fill in the blank with ANY of the symptoms or conditions that follow. If the person


asking is not the patient, you will ask “¿Tiene ella...?” or “¿Tiene él...?” and fill in the blank with ANY of the symptoms/conditions below. If the answer/information comes directly from the patient, listen for, “(Yo) tengo...” If it comes from someone else, listen for, “ Ella tiene...” or “Él tiene...” Yo tengo... Él tiene... Ella tiene... ¿Tiene él...? ¿Tiene ella...? ¿Tiene usted... ? ... (fill in with any of the following). ...Spanish ...English ...hambre ...hunger (hungry) ...sed ...thirst (thirsty) ...sueño ...sleepy ...frío ...cold (temperature) ...calor ...hot ...fiebre ...a fever dificultad en respirar difficulty breathing dificultad en caminar difficulty walking dificultad en tragar difficulty swallowing dificultad en ver difficulty seeing dificultad en dormir difficulty sleeping la fatiga fatigue la somnolencia drowsiness **dolor de...(add ANY body part) pain of the/ache in the (body part)... dolor de cabeza headache una migraña migraine un calambre a cramp dolor del estómago stomach ache dolor menstrual menstrual cramps la náusea nausea diarrea diarhea revuelto el estómago an upset stomach OR trastorno estomacal acidez del estómago heartburn indigestión indigestion los vómitos vomiting spells


el estreñimiento constipation la intolerancia a la lactosa lactose intolerance dolor de garganta sore throat la bronquitis bronchitis la amigdalitis tonsillitis la influenza/la gripe flu un resfriado / un catarro a common cold los síntomas de alergias allergy symptoms una tos a cough la congestión congestion mocosidad/moquera a runny nose líquido en los ojos watery eyes una boca seca dry mouth úlceras en los labios coldsores úlceras en la boca mouth ulcers/canker sores un virus a virus una bacteria a bacteria una infección del tracto urinario a urinary tract infection la orinación frecuente frequent urination una infección del oído ear infection hongos a yeast infection el mareo dizziness/light-headedness desmayos fainting spells la debilidad weakness un trastorno del sueño a sleep disorder una pérdida de peso weight loss un aumento de peso weight gain poco apetito poor appetite una cortada a cut una herida a wound una inflamación swelling / inflamation una quemadura a burn una quemadura de sol sunburn una quemadura al orinar a burning during urination una picadura a bite/sting una picazón an itch la tiña inguinal jock itch el pie de atleta athlete’s foot


un callo a callus una ampolla a blister el acne acne una erupción a rash la varicela chicken pox la asma asthma la angina angina el glaucoma glaucoma la catarata cataract la visión nublada blurred vision la epilepsia epilepsy úlceras ulcers una quiste a cyst el cáncer cancer la SIDA AIDS la artritis arthritis la disentería dysentery el trastorno de hiperactividad ADHD ...y un déficit de atención la hepatitis hepatitis la anemia anemia la meningitis meningitis una tos ferina whooping cough las diabetes diabetes un coágulo a blood clot un nivel alto de colesterol high cholesterol hipertensión/alta presión arterial high blood pressure hipotensión/baja presión arterial low blood pressure una condición del corazón a heart condition un marcapaso a pacemaker una condición del tiroideo a thyroid condition una condición de la próstata a prostate condition una condición respiratoria a respiratory condition la enfermedad de los riñones kidney disease la enfermedad de los pulmones lung disease la pulmonía pneumonia la enfermedad de Alzheimer Alzheimer’s disease la enfermedad del corazón heart disease


la enfermedad de transmisión sexual STD la enfermedad venérea venereal disease la enfermedad del hígado liver disease ** “dolor de...” means “a pain/ache in/of the...” “Tengo dolor de cabeza,” then, means “I have a headache/I have a pain in my head.” Sometimes you will hear this instead: “Me duele la cabeza,” which means, “My head hurts.” They both have the same meaning. I just want you to be able to recognize them both!

Follow-up Questions Some follow-up questions for you to ask once you determine a patient's symptoms (and some words of advice) are: ¿Hace cuánto tiempo? For how long? ¿Es la primera vez? Is this the first time? ¿Cuándo fue la última vez? When was the last time? Debe ver a su doctor/a. You should see your doctor. Debe ir al hospital. You should go to the hospital. ¡ Llame nueve, uno, uno! Call 911 ! Debe tomar... You should take...(name medicine).

Efectos Adversos

Now that you know these conditions and symptoms, it will be easy to tell your patients about side effects of any medication. Simply skim through the list to see which symptoms might be possible, and say, " Esta medicina puede causar..." (This medicine could cause...). Then, you will simply fill in the blank with ANY symptom from the list above!

La Medicina FINALLY! In this section, you'll learn the Spanish names of medications. First, you will learn the drug preparations/routes. Next, it will be helpful to learn how to say the different types of over-the-counter medicine. If you do not see one listed, it is because it is referred to by the brandname (the same as the English brandname). You can also use some of these when talking about prescriptions.


DRUG ROUTES/PREPARATIONS English Spanish oral oral orally por boca topical tópica vaginal vaginal vaginally vaginalmente capsule una cápsula cream una pomada / una crema drops unas gotas elixir un elixir injection una inyección inhaler un inhalador liquid una líquida lotion una loción lozenge una pastilla nose drops unas gotas para la nariz pill una píldora powder un polvo rectally rectalmente spray un atomizador suppository un supositorio suspension una suspensión syrup un jarabe tablet una tableta

OTC (La medicina que no necesita receta) & other products English Spanish thermometer el termómetro cough syrup el jarabe para el tos cough drops las pastillas para el tos nose drops unas gotas para la nariz ibuprofen la ibuprofena tylenol® el tylenol ® acetaminophen el acetaminofén aspirin la aspirina cotton el algodón bandage un vendaje


band-aid ® una curita tape esparadrapo antihistamine el antihistamínico pseudophedrine la seudofedrina decongestant el descongestionante appetite suppressant el supresor del apetito sleeping pill una medicina somnífera vitamins las vitaminas antacid el antiácido oil el aceite ointment el ungüento calamine lotion la crema de calamina hydrocortisone la hidrocortisona hydrogen peroxide el peróxido de hidrógeno rubbing alcohol el alcohol para fricciones contraceptive un contraceptivo condom un condón

PRESCRIPTION DRUGS (RECETAS) & DRUG CATEGORIES Spanish English (if Spanish meaning unclear) el albuterol la ampicilina los analgésicos los anestésicos la anfetamina los antiácidos los antibióticos los anticonvulsivos los antidepresivos los antimaláricos los antisépticos los astringentes la cafeína los catárticos cathartics los descongestionantes decongestants los diuréticos los eméticos emetics los emolientes


el estrógeno los esteroides el fenobarbital la insulina los laxantes laxatives los medicamentos para diabetes medications for diabetes los narcóticos la penicilina las píldoras anticonceptivas birth control pills los purgantes purgatives los sedantes sedatives los estimulantes stimulants los medicamentos para Tiroide thyroid pills los tranquilizantes tranquilizers **Note: as you can see, most prescription medications go by the same name in English and Spanish. There are many that do not appear on this list because they are called in Spanish by the same brandname that they are in English.

TAKE TEST 5 NOW. DIRECCIONES

When advising patients on how to take medication, simply say, "Tome usted..." or just “Tome…” and fill in the blanks with quantity and frequency, telling them when and how to take it (use expressions in the next three sections and make any necessary modifications using what you have learned so far). Tome… Take…

You will first need to tell the patient HOW MUCH to take:

Quantity/La Cantidad una onza one ounce dos onzas two ounces, etc. ...y media ...and a half un cuarto de... a fourth of... una tercera de... a third of... la mitad de... a half of... una cucharada one tablespoon


dos cucharadas two tablespoons una cucharita one teaspoon dos cucharitas two teaspoons una gota one drop dos gotas two drops un gotero lleno one dropperful dos goteros llenos two droppers full un aplicador lleno one applicatorful dos aplicadores llenos two applicators full un litro a liter un mililitro a milliliter un gramo a gram un miligramo a milligram un cuarto de tableta ¼ tablet una mitad de tableta ½ tablet una tableta one tablet dos tabletas two tablets una píldora one pill dos píldoras two pills una cápsula one capsule dos cápsulas two capsules

Frequency/La Frecuencia una vez al día once daily dos veces al día twice daily tres veces al día three times daily # veces al día # times a day cada dos días every two days / every other day una vez a la semana once weekly / once a week dos veces a la semana twice weekly / twice a week # veces a la semana # times a week hasta que no hay más until gone

When? How?/ ¿Cuándo? ¿Cómo?

como dirigido por su doctor as directed by your doctor si la necesite… as needed… …para aliviar el dolor …for pain por la mañana/tarde/noche in the morning/afternoon/evening


con las comidas with meals con un alimento with food después de las comidas after meals antes de las comidas before meals antes del desayuno before breakfast después de la cena after supper con el almuerzo with lunch con las comidas with meals entre las comidas between meals en ayunas on an empty stomach con agua with water mezclada con un alimento mixed with food mezclada con líquidos mixed with liquids antes de acostarse before bedtime cuando tenga...(dolor de, etc.) when you have...(pain, etc.) cuando tome... when you take/eat/drink... sólo cuando lo necesite only when you need it cada cuatro horas every four hours cada seis horas every six hours por boca by mouth ahora mismo right now

¿Por qué? Why?

para la toz for cough para la infección for infection para los nervios for nerves para el estómago for stomach para la artritis for arthritis para la circulación for circulation para relajar los músculos for relaxing the muscles para aliviar el dolor for the aleviation of pain para bajar su… in order to lower your… …presión de sangre …blood pressure …el nivel de azúcar en la sangre …blood sugar level **As you can see, you can put almost anything after “para” which means “for” You can list a body part, a symptom, a condition, a verb (aliviar = aleviate, relajar = relax, bajar = lower), etc.


SKIPPING DOSES/OMITIRSE DOSIS

Si usted omite una dosis... If you skip a dose... ...tómela en cuanto se acuerde. ...take it as soon as you remember. ...espere hasta la siguiente dosis. ...wait until the next dose. ...no tome una dosis extra. ...don't take an extra dose.

STORAGE/ALMACENAMIENTO Almacene usted esta medicina.... Store this medicine... ...al tiempo ...at room temperature ...en el refrigerador ...in the refrigerator ...fuera de la luz del sol ...out of direct sunlight ...fuera del alcance de los niños ...out of the reach of children ...lejos de altas temperaturas ...away from heat ...en un sitio seco ...in a dry place …en un sitio fresco …in a cool place Conserve en su envase original… Keep in original container… …para evitar que pierda su potencia. …to prevent loss of potency.

OTHER DIRECTIONS/OTRAS DIRECCIONES

Aplique Apply Aplique externamente. Apply externally. Aplique en las areas afectadas. Apply to affected areas. Aplique sobre la piel. Apply to skin. Aplique a la herida. Apply to wound. Inserte Insert Échese Instill Inyecte # unidades debajo de la piel Inject_#_U subcutaneously. Póngase Put Coloque Place (locate) Mastique Chew Aplique con masaje Massage into … Friccione… Rub into… Inspire dos aires. Take two puffs. Rocie… Spray… Rocie el polvo… Sprinkle powder… Trague Swallow


Tráguela(s) entera. Swallow it (them) whole. Haga gárgaras Gargle Agite Swish Escupa Spit Expectore Expectorate Póngala debajo de la lengua. Put it under your tongue. Empiece Start Diluya en agua. Dilute in water. Disuelva Dissolve Pare de tomar. Discontinue use. Agítese bien antes de usarse. Shake well before using. Cierre bien después de cada uso. Close tightly after each use.

OTHER DESCRIPTIONS/OTRAS DESCRIPCIONES left izquierdo/a right derecho/a both ambos/as each cada liberally libremente sparingly una pequeña cantidad lightly ligeramente

OTHER WARNINGS/OTRAS ADVERTENCIAS Evite usted el alcohol mientras que está tomando esta medicina.

Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine No conduzca mientras que está tomando esta medicina. Don’t drive while taking this medicine. No tome aspirina sin saberlo su doctor. Don’t take aspirin without your doctor knowing it. No tome leche, antiácido o hierro dentro de una hora de tomar esta medicina Avoid milk, antacids and iron one hour before taking this medicine. Evite usted el sol mientras que está tomando esta medicina. Avoid the sun while taking this medicine. No tome esta medicina si está embarazada. Do not take this medicine if you are pregnant. Para uso externo solamente. External use only.


Llámenos con preguntas o problemas. Call us with questions or problems. Llame a su doctor si tenga problemas. Call your doctor if you have problems Deje de tomar el medicamento si... Stop taking the medicine if... No use después de esta fecha: __ Don’t use after this date: __ No tome este medicamento al mismo tiempo como otros medicamentos. Don’t take this medicine at same time as other medicines.

SAMPLE SIGS / DIRECTIONS:

These combinations of directions were requested by pharmacists who took this course. We hope you find them useful! Take two tablets Tome dos tabletas …two times a day …dos veces al día …with food …con alimento …for seven days …por siete días …in each month. …de cada mes. …Skip three months. …No las tome por tres meses. …Repeat. …Repita. Take one tablet Tome una tableta …three times a day …tres veces al día …for seven days …por siete días …until gone. …hasta que no hay más. Then, take… Luego, tome…

TAKE TEST 6 NOW.


SPANISH FOR PHARMACISTS --- TEST QUESTIONS TEST 1 -- PRONUNCIATION Multiple choice: 1. How many different sounds does the vowel “a” make in Spanish? a. five b. one c. three d. two 2. There are four letters in the Spanish alphabet that are not in the English alphabet. You would have noticed them when going through the pronunciation section. Which of the following is not a letter in the Spanish alphabet? a. ch b. rr c. ll d. ã 3. What sound does the letter “h” make in Spanish? a. “h” as in “hi” b. “j” as in “jam” c. it is silent d. “o” as in “oak” 4. What sound does the letter “j” make in Spanish?

a. “h” as in “hi” b. “j” as in “jam” c. it is silent d. “g” as in “George” 5. What sound does “ll” make in Spanish? a. “l” as in “later” b. “y” as in “yellow” c. “r” as in “Roy” d. “d” as in “ladder”


6. What sound does the letter “r” make in Spanish? a. “l” as in “later” b. “y” as in “yellow” c. “r” as in “Roy” d. “d” as in “ladder” 7. What sound does the letter “v” make in Spanish? a. “v” as in “Victor” b. “f” as in “far” c. “b” as in “hub” d. “m” as in “mine” 8. Which of the following correctly depicts how the word “universidad” would be pronounced in Spanish? (the syllable that is bold is the stressed syllable) a. “u-ni-ver-si-dad” b. “u-ni-ver-si-dad”

c. “u-ni-ver-si-dad” d. “u-ni-ver-si-dad”

9. Which of the following correctly depicts how the word “necesito” would be pronounced in Spanish? (the syllable that is bold is the stressed syllable) a. “ne-ce-si-to” b. “ne-ce-si-to” c. “ne-ce-si-to” d. “ne-ce-si-to” 10. How will you know if a Spanish word does not follow the normal stress rules?

a. You will see this mark above it ^ b. You will see this mark above it ` c. You will see this mark above it ´ d. You will not know; you will have to learn each exception through

memorization TEST 2 -- GRAMMAR Nouns and Adjectives True / False: T F 1. If a noun ends in the letter “a” in Spanish, it is most likely feminine.


T F 2. If a noun ends in the letters “o” in Spanish, it is most likely feminine. T F 3. To make any noun plural in Spanish, simply add an “s” [for example:

ciudad (city) would become ciudads (citys) ] T F 4. The articles “un,” “una,” “unos,” and “unas” all mean “the .” T F 5. The article “el” is used with masculine nouns. T F 6. All adjectives must agree in number and gender with their nouns. T F 7. Descriptive adjectives come before nouns in Spanish (for example: “nuevo carro” or “bonita chica” T F 8. “Your prescriptions” in Spanish would be expressed “sus recetas” T F 9. “Many prescriptions” in Spanish would be expressed “mucha recetas” T F 10. “These prescriptions” in Spanish would be expressed “estas recetas.” T F 11. “Those prescriptions” in Spanish would be expressed “estas recetas.” T F 12. Pronouns take the place of adjectives. T F 13. In Spanish, the pronoun for “he” is “el” with no accent on the “e.” T F 14. The pronoun “yo” means “I.” T F 15. The following sentence is written correctly (true or false?): “Pepe está enfermo. Ella necesita una receta.” TEST 3 -- GRAMMAR Verbs Multiple Choice: 1. If a verb is conjugated it: a. is in its pure “dictionary” form b. has been changed to match the pronoun it needs to agree with


2. If a verb is in its infinitive form it: a. is in its pure “dictionary” form b. has been changed to match the pronoun it needs to agree with 3. The first person form of most verbs (the form that agrees with “yo”) a. ends in an “a” b. ends in an “e” c. ends in an “o” 4. The third person form of most verbs that end in –ar (the form that agrees with “usted,” “él” and “ella”) a. ends in an “a” b. ends in an “e” c. ends in an “o” 5. The third person form of most verbs that end in –er (the form that agrees with “usted,” “él” and “ella”) a. ends in an “a” b. ends in an “e” c. ends in an “o” 6. Which of the following verbs means “to have” ? a. tomar b. tener

c. explicar d. esperar

7. Which of the following verbs means “to wait” ? a. tomar b. tener c. explicar d. esperar 8. Which of the following verbs means “to explain” ? a. tomar b. tener c. explicar d. esperar


9. Which of the following verbs means “to take” ? a. tomar b. tener c. explicar d. esperar 10. Which of the following means “I fill” as in “I fill out a form”? a. “Yo soy” b. “Yo estoy” c. “Yo lleno” d. “Yo surto” 11. Which of the following means “I am” as in “I am tall”? a. “Yo soy” b. “Yo estoy” c. “Yo lleno” d. “Yo surto” 12. Which of the following means “I am” as in “I am sick”? a. “Yo soy” b. “Yo estoy” c. “Yo lleno” d. “Yo surto” 13. Which of the following means “I fill” as in “I fill this prescription”? a. “Yo soy” b. “Yo estoy” c. “Yo lleno” d. “Yo surto” 14. Which of the following corrrectly represents “I need to take my medicine.”? a. “Necesitar tomo mi medicina.” b. “Necesita toma medicina.” c. “Necesito tomo mi medicina.” d. “Necesito tomar mi medicina.” 15. How would you say “I don’t have insurance.”? a. “No yo tengo seguro médico.” b. “Yo no tengo seguro médico.” c. “Yo tengo no seguro médico.” d. “Nada yo tengo seguro médico.”


TEST 4 -- BASIC VOCABULARY Multiple Choice: 1. Which of the following is not an appropriate way to greet someone in Spanish? a. “¡ Hola ! ¿Cómo está usted?” b. “¡ Buenos días !” c. “¡ Hasta luego !” d. “¿Cómo se llama usted?” 2. If you are having trouble understanding a Spanish speaker, which of the following requests of that person would not help you?

a. “Más despacio, por favor.” b. “Repita, por favor.”

c. “Más rápido, por favor.” d. “Otra vez, por favor.”

3. Which of the following represents the number 2,539 ?

a. dos millón cincocientos treinta y nueve b. dos mil cincocientos treinta y nueve

c. dos mil quinientos treintinueve d. dos mil quinientos treinta y nueve

4. If a capsule were pink and purple, it would be a. rojo y verde

b. rosa y violeta c. rojo y violeta

d. rosa y verde 5. How would you say, “It will be ready Monday, July 24th.” ? a. “Estará lista miércoles, el veinticuatro de junio.” b. “Estará lista martes, el veinticuatro de julio.” c. “Estará lista lunes, el veinticuatro de junio.” d. “Estará lista lunes, el veinticuatro de julio.” 6. Which of the following means “How much?”? a. “¿Cuándo?” b. “¿Cuánto?” c. “¿Cuál?” d. “¿Como?”


7. Which of the following is not a way to say “It is 5:45.” a. Son las cinco y cuarenta y cinco. b. Son las seis menos cuatro. c. Son las seis menos cuarto. d. Son las seis menos quince. 8. Which of the following is not a way to say “It is 1:15.” a. Son las una y cuarto. b. Es la una y cuarto. c. Es la una y quince. 9. Which of the following means “The prescription will be ready at 7:45.” a. “La receta estará lista a las siete y cuarto.” b. “La receta estará lista a las siete menos cuarto.” c. “La receta estará lista a las ocho menos cuarto.” d. “La receta estará lista a las siete menos quince.” 10. Which of the following means “at 3:30 p.m.”? a. “a las tres y media de la mañana” b. “a las tres y media de la noche” c. “a las tres y media de la tarde” d. “a las tres y treinta de la noche” TEST 5 -- PHARMACEUTICAL VOCABULARY Multiple Choice: 1. Which of the following would not be a complaint of a person who was suffering from “el gripe”? a. “Tengo fiebre.” b. “Tengo una tos.” c. “Tengo una erupción.” d. “Tengo dolor del estómago.”


2. Which of the following would be a complaint of a person who was suffering from “la varicela”? a. “Tengo fiebre.” b. “Tengo una tos.” c. “Tengo una erupción.” d. “Tengo dolor del estómago.” 3. Which of the following would be a complaint of a person who was suffering from symptoms of “la indigestión”? a. “Tengo fiebre.” b. “Tengo una tos.” c. “Tengo una erupción.” d. “Tengo dolor del estómago.” 4. Which of the following would be a complaint of a person who was suffering from symptoms of “una migraña”? a. “Tengo fiebre.” b. “Tengo una tos.” c. “Tengo una erupción.” d. “Tengo dolor de cabeza.” 5. Which of the following over-the-counter medications would you recommend to a patient suffering from “una picadura”? a. aspirina b. hidrocortisona

c. el antihistamínico d. el antiácido

6. Which of the following over-the-counter medications would you recommend to a patient suffering from “dolor de cabeza”? a. aspirina b. hidrocortisona



7. Which of the following over-the-counter medications would you recommend to a patient suffering from “indigestión”? a. aspirina b. hidrocortisona


8. Which of the following over-the-counter medications would you recommend to a patient suffering from “mocosidad”? a. aspirina b. hidrocortisona


9. Which of the following would you ask a patient if you wanted to know if there had been any change in his or her insurance since the last time he/she had a prescription filled?

a. ¿Tiene usted seguro médico? b. ¿Qué tipo de seguro médico tiene? c. ¿Cuál es el número de la póliza? d. ¿Algún cambio de seguro médico?

10. Which of the following would you say to a patient if he had to go in to see his doctor before a prescription could be refilled?

a. Tiene que llamar a su doctor/a. b. Tiene que ver a su doctor/a. c. Tenemos que pedir esta medicina. d. Tengo que llamar al / a la doctor/a.

TEST 6 -- PHARMACEUTICAL VOCABULARY True / False: T F 1. “Tome una tableta tres veces al día después de las comidas.” means “Take one tablet three times a day before eating.” T F 2. “Tome dos cápsulas cada dos días.” means “Take two capsules every other day.”


T F 3. “Tome una cucharita y media dos veces al día.” means “Take one and a half tablespoons full twice a day.” T F 4. “Tome la medicina como dirigido por su doctor.”

means “Take the medicine only when you need it.”

T F 5. If a prescription is for cough, you would say “Es para aleviar el dolor.” T F 6. If a prescription is for high blood pressure, you would say “Es para bajar su presión de sangre.” T F 7. A patient missed her birth control pill and wants to know what to do. You would say “Tómela en cuanto se acuerde.” T F 8. You need to tell a patient to store some liquid medicine in the refrigerator. You would say

“Almacene usted esta medicina al tiempo. T F 9. To write “swish and spit,” you would need to write “Agite y escupa.” T F 10. “Evite usted el sol mientras que está tomando esta medicina” means “Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine.”


CONCLUSION: A FINAL NOTE: Do not try to memorize all of this at once! You have learned an

incredible amount in a short period of time. Review a little at a

time and use the PDF printout as a reference. Practice as often

as possible on the job. You will learn then in the most natural of

ways: you will first learn those things that you say the most

often. You will be guided by necessity which is the most powerful

motivator! Also, do not be afraid to make mistakes; we learn

from them. Do not wait until your Spanish is perfect before you

practice. It will never get there without practice! Enjoy your

new language!


Presents the “Spanish for Pharmacists”

Audio Accompaniment Program What is in the Audio Accompaniment? It contains the Spanish pronunciation for everything that is presented in the live course . It covers the entire content of the manual. It also contains the grammatical explanations and all of the pharmaceutical terminology categorized. It reinforces what you have learned. Use the audio program to increase your retention rate from 30% (average from instruction alone) to 60% and higher. Allows you to gain additional oral practice, which will improve your level of confidence when using Spanish on the job. You can listen to it in the privacy and comfort of your own home. Also, turn Drive time into practice time by listening to the program in your car. You can practice at your pace and repeat any problem areas. You will have constant access to this study aid. What does it cost? The cost of the Audio Program is only $49.99, plus $3.20 shipping and handling charges. The program consists of five compact discs. The cost is the same for the cassette tape version. How can I purchase the program? Please mail a check or money order payable to: Hands on Spanish 3600 Briscoe Dr, Suite 7 Monroe, GA 30655 or Buy securly online with your Visa or Mastercard at: http://www.handsonspanish.com/audioprogram.html Please Select the Audio Format: Compact Disc ___ Cassette Tape _____ Number of Copies: _______ * Please allow 10 business days from the date we receive your order for shipment of the Audio Program.

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