Spanish and Spanish and Portuguese Rule in Portuguese Rule in the Americasthe Americas

Politics: Spain’s ColoniesPolitics: Spain’s Colonies 1500’s Spain had two 1500’s Spain had two

viceroyalties (regions in the viceroyalties (regions in the Americas) Americas) 1) New Spain, capital in Mexico 1) New Spain, capital in Mexico

City City

2) Peru, capital in Lima2) Peru, capital in Lima

1700’s Spain set up two 1700’s Spain set up two more viceroyaltiesmore viceroyalties3) New Granada, capital in 3) New Granada, capital in

Bogotá Bogotá

4) Rio de la Plata, capital in 4) Rio de la Plata, capital in Buenos AiresBuenos Aires

Viceroy – a person who Viceroy – a person who rules in place of the king; rules in place of the king; appointed by the kingappointed by the king

Politics: Ruling Spain’s Politics: Ruling Spain’s coloniescolonies The The Council of the IndiesCouncil of the Indies

was a council in Spain that was a council in Spain that made laws for the colonies. made laws for the colonies. This council also regulated This council also regulated the Church, courts, and the Church, courts, and trade.trade.

CabildosCabildos were town were town councils made up of wealthy councils made up of wealthy landowners (set up by landowners (set up by Spain)Spain)

Politics: Portugal’s Politics: Portugal’s Colony: BrazilColony: Brazil

At first Portugal had At first Portugal had 15 donatarios, nobles 15 donatarios, nobles appointed by the King, appointed by the King, to rule Brazil’s 15 to rule Brazil’s 15 regions called regions called captainciescaptaincies..

Later these turned into Later these turned into provinces and then provinces and then states. states.

Economy: Encomienda Economy: Encomienda SystemSystem

The King of Spain gave The King of Spain gave conquistadors land and the conquistadors land and the right to demand taxes and right to demand taxes and labor from the people living labor from the people living on the land. The conquistador on the land. The conquistador was supposed to pay the was supposed to pay the natives for work, look after natives for work, look after their health, and teach them their health, and teach them about Christianity. However, about Christianity. However, many settlers forced the many settlers forced the natives to do hard labor for natives to do hard labor for little or no compensation. little or no compensation. Many Indians died under this Many Indians died under this system. system.

Economy: MercantilismEconomy: Mercantilism Colonies could trade only with Colonies could trade only with

the mother country. the mother country. Colonies had two roles under Colonies had two roles under

mercantilism 1)supply the mercantilism 1)supply the mother country with raw mother country with raw materials 2) be a market for materials 2) be a market for manufactured goods from the manufactured goods from the mother country. mother country.

This made the colonies This made the colonies dependent of the mother dependent of the mother country and kept them from country and kept them from fully developing their own fully developing their own economy. economy.

Economy: Products sent Economy: Products sent to Spainto Spain

Colonies provided Colonies provided Spain with gold and Spain with gold and silver, agricultural silver, agricultural products such as products such as sugar cane, coffee or sugar cane, coffee or fruit such as fruit such as bananas, and ranch bananas, and ranch products such as products such as meat, leather or meat, leather or wool.wool.

Economy: Products sent Economy: Products sent to Portugalto Portugal

The main products that The main products that Brazil provided Portugal Brazil provided Portugal were sugar, cotton, and were sugar, cotton, and coffee. Gold and coffee. Gold and diamonds were diamonds were discovered in the late discovered in the late 1600’s and were also 1600’s and were also sent to Portugal.sent to Portugal.

Economy: SlaveryEconomy: Slavery Both Spain and Both Spain and

Portugal began Portugal began importing slaves from importing slaves from Africa to the colonies. Africa to the colonies.

Over 3 million African Over 3 million African slaves were brought to slaves were brought to Brazil. Brazil.

Spain mostly relied on Spain mostly relied on Natives as slaves but Natives as slaves but did bring some Africans did bring some Africans to the Americas as well. to the Americas as well.

Society: A New Class Society: A New Class SystemSystem

Culture: ReligionCulture: Religion Spanish and Portuguese Spanish and Portuguese

spread Christianity spread Christianity (Catholicism) in Latin America. (Catholicism) in Latin America.

Natives were converted to the Natives were converted to the new religion and their temples, new religion and their temples, statues, etc were destroyed, statues, etc were destroyed, though some missionaries did though some missionaries did try to protect the natives. try to protect the natives.

But some native customs were But some native customs were absorbed into Catholicism. absorbed into Catholicism.

The Catholic Church was very The Catholic Church was very powerful and it controlled a powerful and it controlled a great deal of land and money. great deal of land and money.