spanish 3 final review semester 1. present tense yo -o nosotros/nosotras -amos tú -as...
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Spanish 3 Final Review Semester 1
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Present Tense
Yo-O
Nosotros/Nosotras-AMOS
Tú-AS
Él/Ella/Usted-A
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes-AN
AR VERBS
Yo-O
Nosotros/Nosotras-EMOS/IMOS
Tú-ES
Él/Ella/Usted-E
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes-EN
ER/IR VERBS
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Irregular Verb Structures
• Ir+ a+ infinitive= am/is/are going to…– Yo voy a comer en un restaurante I am going to eat in a restaurant. *DO NOT CONJUGATE SECOND VERB!
• Querer+ infinitive= want to– Ella quiere bailar con Channing Tatum. She wants to dance with Channing Tatum.
• Tener + que + infinitive= have to…– Nosotros tenemos que estudiar para el examen. We have to study for the test.
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Ser and Estar
• Ser: D-O-C-T-O-R• Estar: Feelings/Emotions/location
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Ser and Estar ConjugationsYo
EstoyNosotros
EstamosTú
EstásÉl/Ella/Usted
EstáEllos/Ellas/Ustedes
Están
YoSoy
NosotrosSomos
TúEres
Él/Ella/UstedEs
Ellos/Ellas/UstedesSon
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Preset Progressive
• Conjugation of estar + ando/iendo– If you have an AR verb drop AR and and ando– If you have an ER/IR verb drop ending and add iendo
• EX: She is speaking= Ella está hablandoThey are eating= ellos están comiendo
• Remember: NEVER USE SER!! ALWAYS ESTAR!
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Affirmative Tú Commands
• Take the third person singular conjugation for the present tense
• EX: Tyler, finish your homework Tyler, termina tu tarea. • Irregular: hacer and poner
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Preterite
Yo-É
Nosotros-AMOS
Tú-ASTE
Él/Ella/Usted-Ó
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes-ARON
Used to describe actions that occurred one time in the past, or that had a definite beginning and end period
AR VERBS!
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PRETERITE
Yo-ĺ
Nosotros-IMOS
Tú-ISTE
Él/Ella/Usted-IÓ
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes-IERON
ER/IR
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Key words • The following words are words that trigger the preterite:
– Anoche: last night– El año pasado: last year– La semana pasada: last week
• Any period of time + pasado= last _________– Day of the week (use def article)– Month (use def article)
– Ayer: yesterday– Anteayer: the day before yesterday– Hace + (time expression): _________ago
• Hace tres años: three years ago• Hace cuatro meses: four months ago
– Una vez: one time – De repente: suddenly– Un día: one day– Una noche: one night
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Trigger Words• a menudo: often *todas las semanas: every week• a veces: sometimes *todos los días: every day• cada día: every day *varias veces: several times• cada año: every year
– Cada + period of time= every _______• con frecuencia: frequently • de vez en cuando: every once in awhile• Frecuentemente: frequently • Generalmente: generally• muchas veces: a lot of times• Nunca: never• por un rato: for awhile• Siempre: always
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ABA ÁBAMOS
ABAS
ABA ABAN
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ÍA ÍAMOS
ÍAS
ÍA ÍAN
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DOP’s
• Replace the direct object of the sentence with the DOP– Must agree in gender and number and replace the
DO and all adjectives with it– Put IOP BEFORE conjugated verb • If you have 2 verbs you can attach it to the infintive
– Lo/La/Los/Las (it/them)
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IOP
• Correspond with the IO of the sentence– Must agree in number– IO always comes after the “A”– Put IOP BEFORE conjugated verb• If you have 2 verbs you can attach it to the infinitive
– Me/Te/Le/Nos/les (to or for: me, you, he/she/you (formal), us, them(y’all)
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The Present Perfect
• The present perfect is used to describe something that has been done. – We have played tennis. – You have watched the movie.– I have recycled the cans.
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• You form the present perfect by:– Conjugating “haber” in present tense– Taking the past participle of the verb
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Haber
He HemosHasHa Han
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Past Participle
• Ar verbs:– Drop “AR” add “ado”
• ER/IR verbs:– Drop “ER/IR” add “ido”
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• Accents:– Caído– Leído– Traído– Oído
• If it the verb has two vowels together you put an accent on the “I”
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Irregular• Decirdicho• Devolverdevuelto• Escribirescrito• Hacerhecho• Morirmuerto• Ponerpuesto• Romperroto• Vervisto• Volvervuelto
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• Exs:– I have finished my homework. – Yo he terminado mi tarea– We have watched that movie. – Nosotros hemos visto esa película