space travel
TRANSCRIPT
Space Travel
Newspace
Commercial Space Operations are Lifting Off
NewSpace
What is NewSpace?
NewSpace NewSpace, or "new space companies”, is a
term that evolved to cover approaches to space development that differ significantly from that taken by NASA and the mainstream aerospace industry.
Development of launch systems principally with private funding.
Low cost approaches or budgeting plans.Primary drive towards innovation.Aim to increase human presence in outer
space.
NewSpaceNewSpace Companies
Space Competitions
NewSpace Conferences
Space Organizations
NewSpace Companies
NewSpace CompaniesArmadillo Aerospace Bigelow Aerospace Blue Origin Masten Space
Systems Orbital Outfitters Orbital Sciences
Corporation Rocket Racing League Rocketplane Kistler
Scaled Composites Space AdventuresSpaceDev SpaceX T/Space Virgin Galactic XCOR Aerospace Zero Gravity
Corporation
Orbital Outfitters
“Have Space Suit – Will Travel” – Robert A. Heinlein
The Mission of Orbital Outfitters is to provide affordable, industrial quality space suits and related services to commercial and government space travelers and explorers.
SpaceDiverThe goal of SpaceDiver is to create the
systems and infrastructure necessary to allow a human being to accomplish an emergency (or other) egress from one of the NewSpace sub-orbital spacecraft and return to Earth safely - to bail out and skydive from the edge of space - or as it will be branded, “SpaceDive.”
SpaceDiver Flight Profile
Rocket Racing LeagueThe Rocket Racing League is a racing
league that would use rocket powered aircraft. The formation of the league was announced by Granger Whitelaw, and Peter Diamandis, founder of the Ansari X-Prize, on October 3, 2005, in partnership with the Reno Air Races.
According to Diamandis, the purpose of the league is to "inspire people of all ages to once again look up into the sky and find inspiration and excitement."
Rocket Racing League
Rocket RacesTo be held at venues across the country, the
Rocket Racing League will feature multiple races pitting up to 10 Rocket Racers going head to head in a 4-lap, multiple elimination heat format on a 5-mile "Formula One"-like closed circuit raceway in the sky. The Rocket Racer pilots see the "raceway in the sky" via in-panel and 3D helmet displays.
Six teams are currently registered to compete in the Rocket Racing League’s Inaugural Season.
Raceway In The Sky
Space Adventures
Space Adventures' vision is to open spaceflight and the space frontier to private citizens.
Suborbital MissionsOrbital MissionsLunar MissionsOther Experiences
Spaceflight TrainingZero Gravity FlightsLaunch Tour
Suborbital MissionsPrice - $102,000
All of Space Adventures' suborbital spaceflights are preceded by four days of intensive training and flight preparation.
Russian C-21
Orbital Missions Successfully flown six private citizens to the International Space
Station as clients. Former Microsoft exec Charles Simonyi recently completed his second mission and became the Space Adventures first repeat customer.
Charles Simonyi - 2 missions, April 2007 and April 2009, total 25 days in space
Richard Garriott - October 2008, 12 days in space
Anousheh Ansari - September 2006, 10 days in space
Greg Olsen - October 2005, 9 days in space
Mark Shuttleworth - April 2002, 8 days in space
Dennis Tito - April 2001, 7 days in space
Russian Launch to the ISS
Soyuz rocket
Anousheh Ansari
September 2006,
10 days in space
Lunar MissionsPrice - $100 millionWeek long tripSlingshot around the Moon and return to
EarthFly within 60 miles of the lunar surface
SpaceDev
SpaceDev California is focused on developing responsive and low-cost small spacecraft - microsats, nanosats and maneuvering and orbital transfer vehicles (MoTV) - and safe, sub-orbital and orbital hybrid propulsion systems.
SpaceDev
Hybrid rocket propulsion
This unique technology is based on a combination of two, very safe materials: nitrous oxide (N2O) as the oxidizer, and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), or synthetic rubber as the fuel. The result is a propulsion technology that blends the simplicity of solid rockets with the restart and throttle ability of liquid-fueled propulsion.
The most significant aspect is that hybrid rockets are much safer than other rocket technologies
Hybrid Propulsion
SpaceShipOne
Test Firing
SpaceDevBeing used by or developed for:SpaceShipOneManeuver and orbital Transfer Vehicle
(MoTV)SpaceDev Dream ChaserHybrid Upper Stage
SpaceX
Established in 2002 by Elon Musk , the founder of PayPal and the Zip2 Corporation, SpaceX has already developed two brand new launch vehicles, established an impressive launch manifest, and been awarded COTS funding by NASA to demonstrate delivery and return of cargo to the International Space Station.
Falcon 1Falcon 1 is a two stage,
liquid oxygen and rocket
grade kerosene (RP-1)
powered launch vehicle. It
is designed in-house from
the ground up by SpaceX
for cost efficient and
reliable transport of
satellites to low Earth
orbit.
On September 28, 2008,
SpaceX made history when
its Falcon 1, designed and
manufactured from the
ground up by SpaceX,
became the first privately-
developed liquid fuel
rocket to orbit the Earth.
Falcon 9
Like Falcon 1, Falcon 9
is a two stage, liquid
oxygen and rocket
grade kerosene (RP-1)
powered launch
vehicle. It uses the
same engines,
structural architecture
(with a wider
diameter), avionics
and launch system.
Maiden Flight, fall
2009
Falcon 9 rocket engines
918,000 lbs of
thrust
Dragon Capsule
The Dragon spacecraft
is made up of a
pressurized capsule and
unpressurized trunk
used for Earth to LEO
transport of pressurized
cargo, unpressurized
cargo, and/or crew
members. Initiated
internally by SpaceX in
2005, Dragon will be
utilized to fulfill our
NASA COTS contract for
demonstration of cargo
re-supply of the ISS.
Dragon Lab
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic is a company within Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group which plans to provide sub-orbital spaceflights to the paying public.
Further in the future Virgin Galactic plans to offer orbital spaceflights as well.
White Knight Two carrying SpaceShipeTwo
VSS Eve
Flight ProfileThe time from liftoff of the White Knight II
booster carrying SpaceShipTwo until the touchdown of SpaceShipTwo after the suborbital flight will be about 2.5 hours. The suborbital flight itself will only be a small fraction of that time.
The weightlessness will last approximately 6 minutes. Passengers will be able to release themselves from their seats during these 6 minutes and float around the cabin.
SpaceShipTwo in space
Wings folded for
re-entry
Inside SpaceShipTwo
Zero Gravity Corporation
Founded by entrepreneur Peter Diamandis, astronaut Byron K. Lichtenberg, and NASA engineer Ray Cronise, the company is one of many private space companies working towards space tourism.
The company operates a modified Boeing 727 which flies parabolic arcs similar to those of NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Aircraft.
Primary Locations: Las Vegas, NV – Signature Air Terminal at McCarran
International Airport Cape Canaveral, FL – Shuttle Landing Facility at the
Kennedy Space Center Titusville, FL – Bristow Air Center
G-Force One
Floating in Zero-G
A number of notable
passengers have been on
weightless flights run by
the company, including
Penn Jillette and Teller ,
Martha Stewart, Burt
Rutan, Buzz Aldrin, and
John Carmack.
Theoretical physicist
Stephen Hawking also
completed a shortened
flight on April 26, 2007.
The current price of a flight
for a single passenger is
$4,950.00.
Questions?
Continuing...How can you get involved?
Space Competitions
NewSpace Conferences
Space Organizations
Space Competitions
Space CompetitionsAnsari X PrizeAmerica's Space PrizeGoogle Lunar X Prize N-PrizeCentennial Challenges
Ansari X Prize
The Ansari X PRIZE was a space competition in which the X PRIZE Foundation offered a $10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks.
The prize was won on October 4, 2004 by the project designed by Burt Rutan and financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, using the experimental spaceplane SpaceShipOne.
White Knight One carrying Space Ship One
Pre-Launch
Launching Space Ship One, Winning the XPRIZE
America’s Space PrizeAmerica's Space Prize is a US$50 million
space competition in orbital spaceflight established and funded by hotel entrepreneur Robert Bigelow. The prize would have been awarded to the first US-based privately-funded team to design and build a reusable manned capsule capable of flying 5 astronauts to a Bigelow Aerospace inflatable space module. The prize expires January 10, 2010. There must be two flights within 60 days. The teams must be based in the United States of America.
Google Lunar XPRIZE
The Google Lunar X PRIZE is a $30 million international competition to safely land a robot on the surface of the Moon, travel 500 meters over the lunar surface, and send images and data back to the Earth.
18 teams, many multi-national, are currently developing their entry.
Odyssey Moon
Craft Name:
MoonOne (M-1)
Nationality:
Multi-national
with Isle of
Man/UK
jurisdiction
Astrobotic
Craft Name: Red
Rover / Artemis
Lander
Nationality: USA
Team Italia
Craft Name:
Ascensio
Machinae Ad
Lunam Italica
Arte - AMALIA
Nationality:
Italian
Micro-Space
Craft Name:
TBD
Nationality: USA
Next Giant Leap
Craft Name:
TBD
Nationality: USA
FREDNET
Craft Name:
Undecided
Nationality:
Multi-National
ARCA
Craft Name:
European Lunar
Explorer - ELE
Nationality:
Romanian
LunaTrex
Craft Name:
Tumbleweed
Nationality: USA
CHANDAH
Craft Name:
Shehrezade
Nationality: USA
Advaeros
Craft Name:
Picard
Nationality:
Malaysia, multi-
national
STELLAR
Craft Name:
Stellar Eagle
Nationality: USA
JURBAN
Craft Name:
JOLHT
Nationality: USA
Independence-X Aerospace
Craft Name:
Independence
Lunar Rover – 1
(ILR-1)
Nationality:
Malaysia
Omega Envoy
Craft Name:
TBD
Nationality: USA
SYNERGY MOON
Craft Name:
Spherical Robotic
Rover
Nationality:
multinational
Euroluna
Craft Name:
ROMIT
Nationality:
Danish, Swiss,
Italian
SELENE
Craft Name:
SELENA 1 /
LuRoCa 1
Nationality:
China, Germany
White Label Space
Craft Name:
TBD
Nationality:
Multinational
N-Prize18 teams are competing for the prize.
Nebula
Epsilon Vee
Vulcan
ASATA
Microlaunchers
Odyssey
CUSF
Potent Voyager
Prometheus
LMR
Kiwi 2 Space
Team Phalanx
Qi
YitSpace
Aerosplice
Daedalus Aerospace
Solarion
WikiSat
The N-Prize (the "N" stands for "Nanosatellite" or "Negligible Resources“) is a competition to stimulate innovation directed towards obtaining cheap access to space. The competition was launched in 2008 and is intended specifically to spur amateur involvement in spaceflight.
N-PrizeRules in brief
TThe N-Prize offers two cash Prizes, each of £9,999.99 (nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine pounds and ninety-nine pence, sterling).
The prizes will be awarded to the first persons or groups to put into orbit around the Earth a satellite with a mass of between 9.99 and 19.99 grams, and to prove that it has completed at least 9 orbits.
One prize (the "single-spend-to-orbit", or "SSO" Prize) will be awarded to the first entrant to complete the challenge using a non-reusable launch system. The other prize (the "reusable vehicle" or "RV" Prize) will be awarded to the first entrant to complete the challenge using a partially or wholly reusable launch system. Both prizes carry equal status.
The cost of the launch, but not ground facilities, must fall within a budget of £999.99. Entrants for the RV Prize may exceed this budget, but must demonstrate recovery of hardware such that the per-launch cost remains within £999.99.
Imaginative use of string and chewing gum is encouraged. Entrants are responsible for everything, organisers are responsible for nothing.
N-Prize ChallengeThe challenge posed by the N-Prize is to
launch a satellite weighing between 9.99 and 19.99 grams into Earth orbit, and to track it for a minimum of nine orbits. Most importantly, though, the launch budget must be within £999.99 (about $1500) - and must include the launch vehicle, all of the required non-reusable launch equipment hardware, and propellant.
Centennial Challenges As of April 2007, seven Challenges have
been announced. The six space related ones are:
Tether ChallengeBeam Power ChallengeMoon Regolith Oxygen ChallengeRegolith Excavation ChallengeLunar Lander ChallengeAstronaut Glove Challenge
Beam Power challenge
This is a competition to build a wirelessly-powered ribbon-climbing robot. The contest involves having the robot lift a large payload within a limited timeframe. The first competition in 2005 would have awarded $50,000, $20,000, and $10,000 to the three best-performing teams, meeting the minimum benchmark of 1 m/s. However, no team met this standard, with only two teams climbing under beam power. This prize also increased to $200,000 in 2006, but no team was able to accomplish the full set of requirements.
In 2007 the prize money was raised to $500,000 for this competition.
Tether Climber Competition
Powered by
sunlight
Lunar Lander Challenge
The Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge is a competition funded by NASA's Centennial Challenges program. The competition offers a series of prizes for teams that launch a vertical takeoff/vertical landing (VTVL) rocket that achieves the total delta-v needed for a vehicle to move between the surface of the Moon and its orbit. The multi-level competition is conducted by the X PRIZE Foundation, with sponsorship from the Northrop Grumman Corporation who run the on-going competition.
Texel and Pixel
Armadillo
Aerospace’s
entries
NewSpace Conferences
Space Access Society - Access to Space
National Space Society - International Space Development Conference
Space Frontier Foundation - NewSpace
Space OrganizationsNational Space Society Space Access Society Space Frontier Foundation Space Tourism Society SpaceVidcast Students for the Exploration and
Development of Space (SEDS)Yuri's Night
Conclusion
10 Space Tourism Facts You Need to Know
Sputnik - Russia’s most advanced Satellite.
1. As of 2008, only Russia is offering civilian tickets into space. Consider remortgaging your house before you leave; tickets are currently on the market for a sweet $20 million, and they’re full until 2009. There is a rumor that EasyJet are going to be offering free flights to the Sea of Tranquility, with the booking fee estimated around the $10 million mark, or $80 one way. Plus taxes.
2. Space Ship One was the first private vehicle to fly above the Kármán Line in 2004. The Kármán space begins.
Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No - it’s a business opportunity.
Virgin Galactic: SpaceShipTwoVirgin Galactic: SpaceShipTwo
SpaceShipTwo/WhiteKnightTwo6 passengers & 2 pilots to 100km+Tickets $200,000 per seat
First test flights: summer 2008First commercial flight: 2010?
SpaceShipTwo/WhiteKnightTwo6 passengers & 2 pilots to 100km+Tickets $200,000 per seat
First test flights: summer 2008First commercial flight: 2010?
3. Virgin Galactic aims to be the first commercial venture to fly civilians into space, allowing them to experience weightlessness for up to six minutes at a time.
4. There are a variety of Space Tourism websites on the internet, all with horrendous colour schemes. If the spacecraft engineering is as bad as the website design, there will be many, many fatalities. A quick Google image search reveals the chilling truth that space tourism is still mainly based on cartoon diagrams.
6. Getting there is indeed
half the fun, but what
about accomodation? If
you’re planning to stay in
space for a long weekend
there is, literally, only one
place to go: the
International Space Station.
Still under construction,
this high-rise hotel offers
the latest in amenities,
including the thrilling
Multipurpose Laboratory
Module, the heart-
pounding excitement of
Node 3, and the small, yet
comfortable Mini-
Research Module 1.
The International Space Station, still more spacious than a Travel Inn.
7. Apart from Virgin
Galactic, there are
several other parties
who have expressed
interest in venturing
into the space tourism
market, including
Space Adventures,
Space Island Group
and
Bigelow Aerospace.
Owned by Robert
Bigelow, the company
aims to provide
affordable space
stations for
corporations. Another
cracker is
Armadillo Aerospace.
The Ansari X-Prize & SpaceShipOneThe Ansari X-Prize & SpaceShipOne
Ansari X-Prize:
$10 million for first vehicle to carry 3 people (or 1+equivalent mass) to 100km and back twice in two weeks.
Winner:
Scaled Composites SpaceShipOnedesigned by Burt Rutan.
Programme cost $25-30 million
Technology licensed to Virgin Galacticfor passenger-carrying service.
9. While the above companies
are mucking about with getting
us ordinary folk into space,
NASA are currently finishing
off plans for Orion, the
successor to the Space Shuttle.
Unlike the Shuttle, Orion will
consist of two different
vehicles, one intended to take
people into space, and one
intended to take people and
payloads into space. The craft
is intended to provide transport
to the Moon, something which
the Shuttle was incapable of.
Both vehicles will be so big that
a human being will be shorter
than the US flag NASA is
planning to paint on the side of
them.
The Orion - The Space Shuttle’s Successor.
10. Before it’s even
properly begun,
Space Tourism has a
society called… the
Space Tourism Society
. Based primarily in
California, its goal is
to encourage as many
people as possible to
head into space.
Many people think that Space tourists have a very nice and relaxing trip. That is correct in some ways and incorrect in others.
A day in the life of a Space Tourist
How to prepare
Before you take your Flight into space you are required to pass a physical to make sure you can handle the stressful conditions of space flight. All space Tourists who want to take a flight to the ISS in a Soyuz taxi mission must go through a thorough medical exam before taking off.
Space tourists should begin training several days to a few weeks before the tests. A regular exercise program is mandatory as part of a space tourists preflight training. A proper diet is also necessary to pass the preflight medical check-up. Excess alcohol and caffeine should be avoided. Smoking should also be avoided.
Minors People with physical impairments or disabilities that may prevent them from safely evacuating a space station or ejecting from an aircraft
People with serious heart problems People with serious coronary artery disease People with major diseases affecting their
organs People with severe vertigo or
claustrophobia
These people can’t be space tourists:
Other than passing a physical exam, space tourists have to learn about some “elementary scientific topics.”
Space Tourists have to have a basic understanding of astrodynamics. Astrodynamics is the motion of objects in space. Space tourists should know:
What is an orbit What is gravity What is escape velocity What is weightlessness (microgravity)
Space food is food that is made for
conditions in space, mainly gravity-less food that is non-perishable, some foods like salt and
pepper are available but they are not
available in their rocky form, in space they
are made into a liquid so they will not get in
the way of the astronauts.
Space Food
Rehydratable (R) Foods - During the flight, water is added back to food just before it is eaten.
Thermostabalized (T) - Foods are heat processed to destroy harmful microorganisms and enzymes.
Intermediate Moisture (IM) - Food items that are preserved by restricting the amount of water for microbial growth yet, giving the food a soft texture.
Natural Form (NF) - Ready to eat foods such as nuts, cookies and granola bars.
Irradiated (I) Meat - beef steak Condiments - liquid salt and pepper, ketchup, and mustard. Shelf Stable Tortillas - Tortillas that have the oxygen
removed to prevent the growth of mold on them. Fresh Foods (FF)- normal hydrated foods that need to be
eaten within the first two days of flight to prevent spoilage. Beverages (B) - drinks
Categories of Food
food where water is removed from the food making it easier to store, before the food is eaten again, water is re-added to the food before it is eaten
Rehydratable Food
Thermostablized Food:food which can be placed in room temperature and are placed in cans, some foods that are thermostablized are tuna fish and fruits
Intermediate Moisture Food:
food where water is taken out but enough water is left to preserve the softness of the food, some foods like these are dried peaches, beef jerky, and pears
Natural Food Form:
food where it is ready to eat and packed in flexible pouches or bags, some of these foods are nuts, granola bars and cookies
Irradiated Food:
food where it is wrapped in foil pouches and the food is then sterilized by ionizing radiation (forming everything into ions)
Frozen Food:quick frozen to prevent large ice crystals and to make sure that the texture and quality of the food stays the same
Fresh Food:
food that is fresh like we have on Earth
Refrigerated Food:foods that need cold or cool temperatures to make sure that it will not spoil
The Space Tourists also have to learn “language training.” Language training is not a space tourist having to learn a whole other language, but a space tourist having to learn certain words from the language that will be used in space. For example, if a space tourist speaks English fluently, but is flying on a Soyuz, they will need to learn some Russian words so they can communicate better.
Space language
Space tourists must also undergo spacesuit and equipment training. Space tourists who are going to the Space Station are required to wear a special suit during launch and reentry called the Sokol. The Sokol SK-1 is designed just for space tourists and it has 5 main functions
Space suit…
The Industrial Suborbital Spacesuit (IS3)
Protection from loss oxygen Protection from loss of cabin/capsule pressure
Protection from frigid air and water temperatures
Protection from extreme heat and flame
Protection from blood pooling caused by weightlessness
They are the following:
Life in space is very different from life on Earth. A space tourist can find a lot of things to photograph, here are just a few.
The Great Wall of China Mount Everest The Amazon River The Bahamas Hurricanes Volcanic Eruptions Lightning Storms The Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis
Life in Space
Sleeping in space can be difficult because the spacecraft
is orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes; this makes it so
that the craft is never completely in darkness for very
long. Also the lights may be on because the crew works in
shifts. Motion sickness and warming rays of the sun may
also disrupt a Space tourists sleep. A space tourist gets a
sleeping mask to keep out most of the light. The sleeping
quarters of a space tourist vary on the spacecraft they are
in. A space tourist will probably sleep in a special sleeping
bag that is attached to the wall. Without the attachment,
the space tourist would float freely around the cabin
bumping into things and possibly getting hurt.
Sleeping….
A space station is where experiments are conducted in outer space . It is a place for astronauts to live in while they conduct these experiments. It can be in space anywhere from a day to many years.
What is a space station?
Space Station Missions : Salyut 1-7
Salyut- the
Salyut space
station program
was a program
launched by the
Russians in the
1970's, in the
Salyut space
station missions,
each Salyut from
1-7 had a specific
purpose
Space Station Missions :Skylab 1-4
Skylab- the Skylab
space station was
the first American
space station to be
launched into orbit,
the main objectives
of the Skylab
missions was for
humans to live in
space and expand
our knowledge of the
solar system
Environmental Impact of Space TourismEnvironmental Impact of Space Tourism
Carbon footprint
Toxic pollution
Effect on wildlife
Noise pollution – sonic boom
Emissions in upper atmosphere
EPA spaceport
assessment
Debris hazard from in-flight accidents
FAA vehiclecertification
Benefits of Space TourismBenefits of Space Tourism
Personal experience – the ‘overview effect’
Variety of technical approaches (not “one true way”)
Incremental development (“build a little, test a little”)
Safer and more robust spacecraft
Much easier access for space science experiments
Cheaper, more routine access to space
MONEY TO FUND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT!
The FutureThe Future
“Kankoh Maru”Design study for VTVL SSTO byJapan Rocket Society50 passengers to orbit
“Skylon”UK design for HTHL SSTOusing airbreathing rockets
60 passengers to orbitTickets “less than £50,000”
Sunita Willioms
Barbara Morgan