SPACE TECHNOLOGYAND APPLICATIONSINTERNATIONALFORUM—STAIF 2005Conference on Thermophysics in MicrogravityConference on Commercial/Civil Next Generation

Space Transportation22ndSymposium on Space Nuclear Power and PropulsionConference on Human/Robotic Technology and the

National Vision for Space Exploration3rd Symposium on Space Colonization2nd Symposium on New Frontiers and Future,Concepts

Albuquerque, New Mexico 13-17 February 2005

EDITORMohamed S. El-Genk

Institute for Space and Nuclear Power StudiesUniversity of New Mexico

AMERICANI N S T I T U T E Melville, New York, 20052 E P H Y 5 I C S AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS • VOLUME 746

CONTENTS

Introduction xviiCommittees xixAlfred Leroy Mowery xxvRonald "Joe" Sovie xxviiMarshall Bransford Eck xxixPublications ; xxxi

CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY

THERMAL CONTROL MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIESFOR FUTURE SPACECRAFT

Multifunctional Carbon-Carbon Foam-Core Space Radiator Development 3S. P. Rawal, K. S. Johnson, and K. Makowski

Carbon Fiber Composites for Spacecraft Thermal Management Opportunities 10J. J. Banisaukas, M. A. Shioleno, C. D. Levan, S. P. Rawal, E. M. Silverman, and R. J. Watts

Materials Opportunity for Spacecraft and Aerospace Thermal Management 22R. J. Watts, M. Kistner, A. M. Druma, and K. Alam

Heat Flux-Based Emissivity Measurement 32S. Moghaddam, J. Lawler, C. McCaffery, and J. Kim

TWO-PHASE THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

A Statistical Comparison of Various Fluids for a Drift Flux Model in Reduced GravityTwo-Phase Slug Flow 38

C. Kurwitz and F. BestDevelopment of Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Micropumps for Cryogenic Applications 46

P. Foroughi, Y. Zhao, J.,Lawler, and M. M. OhadiComputational Modeling of Spray Cooling: Current Status and Future Challenges 55

R. P. Selvam, L. Lin, and R. Ponnappan

THERMAL CONTROL FOR DEEP SPACE MISSIONS

Robust Cooling of High Heat Fluxes Using Hybrid Loop Technology 64J. Zuo, C. Park, D. Sarraf, and A. Paris

Development and Testing of a Miniaturized Multi-Evaporator Hybrid Loop Heat Pipe 69D. C. Bugby, E. J. Kroliczek, and J. S. Yun

VARIABLE EMITTANCE COATINGS AND APPLICATIONS

Effect of Variable Emittance Coatings on the Operation of a Miniature Loop Heat Pipe 82D. M. Douglas, J. Ku, L. Ottenstein, T. Swanson, S. Hess, and A. Darrin

Evaluation of an Electrochromic Device for Variable Emittance in Simulated Space Conditions. . . . . . . . . . 90R. L. Puterbaugh, A. G. Mychkovsky, R. Ponnappan, and N. Kislov

Electrostatic Switchable Applique 99W. Biter, S. Hess, and S. Oh

HIGH CAPACITY HEAT REJECTION SYSTEMS

Start-Up Performance of a Loop Heat Pipe with Variable Heating Patternsand Periodic Cycles 106

G. Wang, D. Mishkinis, E. MacDonald, T. Kaya, and D. NikanpourHigh Temperature Heat Rejection System for Large Heat Loads; Architecture andTrade Study Results 114

M. N. NikitMn and R. W. Allen

LAUNCH VEHICLE AND RE-ENTRY THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Wireless Impact Monitoring System for the Return to Flight Mission 122K. Champaigne and M. Walcer

Advanced Ceramic Materials for Sharp Hot Structures: Material Developmentand On-Ground Arc-Jet Qualification Testing on Scaled Demonstrators 129

L. Scatteia, G. Tomassetti, G. Rufolo, F. De Filippis, and G. MarinoDevelopment of a Passive Flow Coalescence Device for Two-Phase Phase Separationunder Microgravity 141

F. Finodeyev, M. Ghrist, and F. Best

INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT PIPES—I

Multiple Restart Testing of a Stainless Steel Sodium Heat Pipe Module 150J. Martin, O. Mireles, and R. Reid

Intermediate Temperature Water Heat Pipe Tests 158A. Devarakonda, D. Xiong, and D. E. Beach

Sodium Compatibility Tests of MA-ODS 754 and MA-ODS 956 Alloys 164R. S. Reid, J. T. Sena, and J. P. Nehrbauer

INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT PIPES—H

Evaluation of Heat Pipes in the Temperature Range of 450 to 700 K 171W. G. Anderson

Thermo-Physical Properties of Intermediate Temperature Heat Pipe Fluids 179A. Devarakonda and W. G. Anderson

Water Heat Pipe Radiator Trade Study for the 300-550 K Temperature Range 187W. G. Anderson and T. Stern

Flow Visualization within the Evaporator of Planar Loop Heat Pipe 195J. Suh, D. Cytrynowicz, P. Medis, F. M. Gerner, and H. T. Henderson

CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL/CIVILNEXT GENERATION SPACE TRANSPORTATION

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON COMMERCIAL SPACE

Recent Activities and Plans toward the Future Reusable Space TransportationSystem in JAXA. 205

K. Fujii and S. Ishimoto

LOW COST SMALL LAUNCH VEHICLES AND THE FALCON PROGRAM—I

An Air-Launched Low-Coat Launch Vehicle 213G. C. Hudson

22 N D SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWERAND PROPULSION

SPECIAL SESSION: CASSINI—VOYAGE TO THE RINGED WORLD

The Cassini-Huygens Mission to Saturn and Titan 223E. H. Maize

Power and Propulsion for the Cassini Mission 232K. S. Johnson and R. D. Cockfield

The Cassini-Huygens Mission: Its Science and Instruments 240S. G. Edgington

POTENTIAL ROBOTIC MISSIONS INVOLVINGNUCLEAR POWER OR PROPULSION

JIMO Follow-On Mission Studies 249C. M. Satter

A Waverider Application of an Advanced Nuclear Power Source 258J. E. Randolph, M. R. Davis, T. J. Leavens, and R. N. Miyake

A Non-NEP Implementation of NASA's "Neptune Orbiter with Probes" Vision Mission 271T. R. Spilker

MISSION/SYSTEMS SAFETY AND RELIABILITYAND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Environmental Resistance in the Mars Atmosphere 279B. A. Pint and P. F. Tortorelli

Spectral Shift Absorbers for Fast Spectrum Space Nuclear Reactors 285J. C. King and M. S. El-Genk

SMALL RADIOISOTOPE POWER CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS—I

Benefit of Small Radioisotope Power Systems for NASA Exploration Missions 295G. R. Schmidt, R. D. Abelson, and R. L. Wiley

Exploring Europa with a Surface Lander Powered by a Small RadioisotopePower System (RPS) 303

R. D. Abelson and J. H. ShirleyAn Adjunct Galilean Satellite Orbiter Concept Using a Small Nuclear Power Source 318

J. E. Randolph, R. D. Abelson, L. Alkalai, D. H. Collins, and W. V. MooreSmall-RPS Enabled Mars Rover Concept 332

T. S. Balint

SMALL RADIOISOTOPE POWER CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS—H

Trade-Off Study for an STC 70 W Stirling Engine 345S. Qiu, A. A. Peterson, and J. E. Augenblick

Searching for Subsurface Lunar Water Ice Using a Nuclear-Powered Rover 354J. E. Randolph, R. D. Abelson, K. I. Oxnevad, and J. H. Shirley

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SMART Power Systems for ANTS Missions 367P. E. Clark, S. R. Floyd, S. A. Curtis, and M. L. Rilee

Deployable Mini-Payload Missions Enabled by Small Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs) 378R. D. Abelson and C. M. Satter

SMALL RADIOISOTOPE POWER CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS—HI

Small Stirling Cycle Converters 386L. B. Penswick and J. Schreiber

Thermal and Structural Analysis of Micro-Fabricated Involute Regenerators 394S. Qiu and J. E. Augenblick

Thermal Analysis of a Small-RPS Concept for the Mars NetLander Network Mission 402T. S. Balint and N. Emis

Advanced Superlattice BiTe-PbTe/TAGS Milliwatt Radioisotope Power System 410R. W. Drinker, A. Reddy, B. Heshmatpour, G. J. Snyder, and K. L. Tuttle

RADIOISOTOPE POWER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

NASA Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology NRA Overview 421D. J. Anderson

NASA's Program for Radioisotope Power System Research and Development 429G. R. Schmidt, R. L. Wiley, R. L. Richardson, and R. R. Furlong

REACTOR POWER SYSTEM CONCEPTS

A Gas-Cooled Reactor Closed-Brayton-Cycle Demonstration with Nuclear Heating 437R. J. Lipinski, S. A. Wright, D. J. Dorsey, C. D. Peters, N. Brown, J. Williamson, and J. Jablonski

Proposed Design and Operation of a Heat Pipe Reactor using the Sandia NationalLaboratories Annular Core Test Facility and Existing UZrH Fuel Pins 449

S. A. Wright, R. J. Lipinski, T. Pandya, and C. PetersEffects of Gadolinium and Europium on the Design and Submersion Criticality of aFast Spectrum Space Reactor 461

J. C. King and M. S. El-GenkSCoRe—Concepts of Liquid Metal Cooled Space Reactors for Avoidance ofSingle-Point Failure 473

M. El-Genk, S. Hatton, C. Fox, and J.-M. Tournier

RADIOISOTOPE ENERGY AND ELECTRIC PROPULSION APPLICATIONS

Radioisotope Power Systems with Skutterudite-Based Thermoelectric Converters 485M. S. El-Genk and H. H. Saber

NUCLEAR/POWER PROPULSION CONCEPTS

Segmented Thermoelectric Multicouple Converter Technology Development 495J. Mondt, K. Johnson, J.-P. Fleurial, M. El-Genk, P. Frye, and B. Determan

MERIT: A New Approach for a Large Scale Space Infrastructure Based on Resourcesfrom Mars 503

J. Powell, G. Maise, and J. PaniaguaNERVA-Derived Concept for a Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket 512

S. P. Fusselman, S. K. Borowski, P. E. Frye, S. V. Gunn, and C. Q. Morrison

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ADVANCED NUCLEAR CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGY

Deceleration of Antiprotons in Support of Antiproton Storage/Utilization Research 520S. D. Howe, G. P. Jackson, J. B. Pearson, and R. A. Lewis

The Gasdynamic Mirror Fusion Propulsion System - Revisited 529T. Kammash and R. Tang

Advancements in Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) for Space Propulsion 536R. Thomas, Y. Yang, G. H. Miley, and F. B. Mead

Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space Missions 544S. D. Howe and G. P. Jackson

RF Stabilization for Storage of Antiprotons 552J. B. Pearson and R. A. Lewis

Antiproton Powered Gas Core Fission Rocket 559T. Kammash

THERMOELECTRIC POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Improvements in Materials and Processes for Segmented BiTe/PbTe-BiTe/TAGS/PbSnTe basedThermoelectric Generators 564

L. A. Flanders, R. W. Drinker, B. Heshmatpour, D. S. Moul, J.-P. Fleurial, and K. L. TuttlePerformance of a Skutterudite-based Segmented Unicouple with a Metallic CoatingNear Hot Junction 572

H. H. Saber and M. S. El-GenkPerformance Test Results of a Skutterudite-based Unicouple with a Metallic Coating 584

H. H. Saber, M. S. El-Genk, and T. Caillat

THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Frequency Selective Surface Bandpass Filters Applied to RadioisotopeThermophotovoltaic Generators 593

W. E. Home, M. D. Morgan, W. P. Home, and V. S. SundaramThermophotovoltaic Converter Performance for Radioisotope Power Systems 601

C. J. Crowley, N. A. Elkouh, S. Murray, and D. L. ChubbIntegrated Bandpass Filter Contacts for GaSb Thermophotovoltaic Cells 615

B. Xu, V. S. Sundaram, M. D. Morgan, and W. E. HomeDevelopment of Thermophotovoltaic Devices Optimized for High Temperature Operation 623

F. D. Newman, S. L. Murray, S. P. Endicter, D. J. Aiken, G. R. Girard, M. Turner, and P. R. Sharps

100-WATT CLASS DYNAMIC POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

An Advanced Turbo-Brayton Converter for Radioisotope Power Systems 632M. V. Zagarola, M. G. Izenson, J. J. Breedlove, G. M. O'Connor, A. C. Ketchum, R. L. Jetley,and J. K. Simons

Reliability of Radioisotope Stirling Converter Liner Alternator 641A. Shah, I. Korovaichuk, S. M. Geng, and J. G. Schreiber

Overview 2004 of NASA - Stirling Converter CFD Model Development and RegeneratorR&D Efforts 648

R. C. Tew, R. W. Dyson, S. D. Wilson, and R. DemkoDevelopment of a Stirling System Dynamic Model with Enhanced Thermodynamics 658

T. F. Regan and E. J. LewandowskiOverview of NASA Magnet and Linear Alternator Research Efforts 666

S. M. Geng, J. M. Niedra, and G. E. SchwarzeSupporting Development for the Stirling Radioisotope Generator and Advanced StirlingTechnology Development at NASA GRC 674

L. G. Thieme and J. G. Schreiber

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Development of the Sunpower 35 We Free-Piston Stirling Converter 682J. G. Wood and N. Lane

Advanced 80 We Stirling Converter Development Progress 688J. G. Wood, C. Carroll, and L. B. Penswick

POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Advanced Thermophotovoltaic Devices for Space Nuclear Power Systems See AppendixB. Wernsman, R. G. Mahorter, R. Siergiej, S. D. Link, R. J. Wehrer, S. J. Belanger, P. Fourspring,S. Murray, F. Newman, D. Taylor, and T. Rahmlow

100-KILOWATT CLASS DYNAMIC POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Operational Results of a Closed Brayton Cycle Test-Loop 699S. A. Wright, R. Fuller, R. J. Lipinski, K. Nichols, and N. Brown

Design and Off-Design Performance of 100 kWe-Class Brayton Power Conversion Systems 711P. K. Johnson and L. S. Mason

A Self-Circulating Heat Exchanger for Use in Stirling and Thermoacoustic-Stirling Engines 719S. Backhaus and R. S. Reid

Brayton Power Conversion System Study to Advance Technology Readiness for NuclearElectric Propulsion - Phase I 727

P. E. Frye, R. Allen, and R. DelventhalFeasibility Study of a Nuclear-Stirling Power Plant for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter 738

P. C. Schmitz, J. G. Schreiber and L. B. PenswickValidation of a 2 kWe Closed-Brayton-Cycle Power Conversion System MechanicalDynamics Model 750

D. R. Ludwiczak, D. K. Le, A. M. McNelis, A. C. Yu, S. Samorezov, and D. S. Hervol

SPACE NUCLEAR REACTOR POWER SYSTEMS

Evidence of Annealed Proton Damage from a ZnS:Mn-based Phosphor Paint 762N. P. Bergeron, S. M. Goedeke, W. A. Hollerman, C. I. Muntele, S. W. Allison, and D. Da

Use of Beryllium and Beryllium Oxide in Space Reactors 768L. L. Snead and S. J. Zinkle

Consideration of Lower Allowable Impact Temperature for DOP-26 Indium AlloyFueled Clads 776

E. A. SkrabekState Identification in Nonlinear Systems 782

J. P. HollowayAutonomous Reactor Control Using Model Based Predictive Control forSpace Propulsion Applications 791

S. M. Bragg-Sitton and J. P. Holloway

NUCLEAR FUEL AND HEAT SOURCE TECHNOLOGY

Ion Exchange Automatic Elution System Used in the Full-Scale Aqueous ScrapPurification of Plutonium-238 Dioxide 800

J. H. Matonic, J. G. Teague, D. J. Spengler, and P. DinhRecovery of 238PuO2 by Molten Salt Oxidation Processing of ^PuOj ContaminatedCombustibles (Part H) 806

M. L. Remerowski, C. Dozhier, K. Krenek, C. E. VanPelt, M. A. Reimus, D. Spengler, J. Matonic,L. Garcia, E. Rios, F. Sandoval, D. Herman, R. Hart, B. Ewing, M. Lovato, and J. P. Romero

Determination and Assessment of Graded Safeguards Categories for Potential SpaceReactor Fuels 815

P. G. Edelmann

Analysis of the Effect of Time, Temperature, and Fuel Age on Helium Release from238-Plutonium Dioxide Fuel 820

C. D. Barklay, D. P. Kramer, and J. D. RuhkampThermal Analysis of Step 2 GPHS for Next Generation Radioisotope Power Source Missions 827

D. R. Pantano and D. H. HillThe Effect of Annealing on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Mo-47.5 Wt. % ReAlloy Sheet 835

J. A. Shields, Jr.

REFRACTORY METAL SYSTEM DESIGN, MANUFACTURING,AND FABRICATION

Mechanical Properties of Nb-lZr Weldments 845M. Santella, J. McNabb, and A. Frederick

Prototype Rhenium Component for Stirling Engine Power Conversion 853T. Leonhardt and F. Ritzert

SPACE REACTOR SHIELD DESIGN METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES

A Comparison of Fast-Spectrum and Moderated Space Fission Reactors 859D. I. Poston

Effect of Neutron Absorbers Mixed in or Coating the Fuel of a 1-MWt Lithium-CooledSpace Reactor 868

B. W. Amiri and D. I. PostonOptimum Reflector Configurations for Minimizing Fission Power Peaking in aLithium-Cooled, Liquid-Metal Reactor with Sliding Reflectors 873

M. L. Fensin and D. I. Poston

TESTING IN SUPPORT OF SPACE REACTOR DEVELOPMENT

Use of High Spatial Resolution Fiber-Optic Shape Sensors to Monitor the Shape of DeployableSpace Structures 880

R. G. Duncan, M. T. Raum, D. P. Cadogan, and J. R. BlandinoThermal Characterization of a Simulated Fission Engine via Distributed Fiber Bragg Gratings 887

R. G. Duncan, R. S. Fielder, R. J. Seeley, C. L. Kozikowski, and M. T. RaumHardware Progress Made in the Early Flight Fission Test Facilities (EFF-TF) to SupportNear-Term Space Fission Systems 895

M. Van Dyke and J. MartinApplication of a Systems Engineering Approach to Support Space Reactor Development 903

S. Wold

THERMIONIC TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

Thermionic Performance of Rhenium Emitters 910J.-L. Desplat

Advanced Thermionic Converter Technology Development 918J. R. Luke

Cylindrical Inverted Multi-Cell (CIM) Thermionic Converter for Solar Powerand Propulsion Systems 926

M. R. Martinez, O. Izhvanov, B. Robertson, P. N. Clark, H. H. Streckert, and J.-L. Desplat

xi

THERMAL ENERGY TRANSPORT AND HEAT REJECTION TECHNOLOGY

Radiator Heat Pipes with Carbon-Carbon Fins and Armor for Space Nuclear ReactorPower Systems 935

J.-M. Tournier and M. El-GenkLoop Heat Pipe Radiator Trade Study for the 300-550 K Temperature Range 946

W. G. Anderson and W. Bienert

HIGH POWER ELECTRIC PROPULSION AND ENERGY CONVERSION

Recent Progress in Silicon-based MEMS Field Emission Thrusters 954R. X. Lenard, S. H. Kravitz, and M. Tajmar

High Power Helicon Propulsion Experiments 965T. Ziemba, J. Slough, and R. Winglee

Principal VASIMR Results and Present Objectives 976T. W. Glover, F. R. Chang Diaz, J. P. Squire, V. P. Jacobson, D. G. Chavers, and M. D. Carter

POWER REQUIREMENTS AND SYSTEMS FOR HUMAN LUNARAND MARS EXPLORATION

Preliminary Design of a Manned Nuclear Electric Propulsion Vehicle UsingGenetic Algorithms 983

R. W. Irwin and M. L. Tinker

SPACE NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Dynamic Modeling and Control of Nuclear Reactors Coupled to Closed-LoopBrayton Cycle Systems Using SIMULINK™ 991

S. A. Wright and T. SanchezDynMo: Dynamic Simulation Model for Space Reactor Power Systems 1005

M. El-Genk and J.-M. TournTerTemperature Distributions in LMR Fuel Pin Bundles as Modeled by COBRA-IV-1 1021

S. A. Wright and S. Stout

CONFERENCE ON HUMAN/ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY ANDTHE NATIONAL VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION

OVERVIEW OF HUMAN AND ROBOTIC EXPLORATION STRATEGIES ANDARCHITECTURES

Modular, Adaptive, Reconfigurable Systems: Technology for Sustainable, Reliable, Effective,and Affordable Space Exploration 1033

J. Esper

ESTABLISHING A ROAD MAP TO FUTURE HUMAN ANDROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY

Advanced Technology Lifecycle Analysis System (ATLAS) Technology Tool Box (TTB) 1044M. M. Doyle, D. A. O'Neil, and C. B. Christensen

Creating Communications, Computing, and Networking Technology Development RoadMaps for Future NASA Human and Robotic Missions 1051

K. Bhasin and J. L. Hayden

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TRANSFORMATIONAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES—INEARER TERM NEEDS

Enabling New Operations Concepts for Lunar and Mars Exploration 1063J. Jaap and T. Maxwell

Innovative Robot Archetypes for In-Space Construction and Maintenance 1070F. Rehnmark, R. O. Ambrose, B. Kennedy, M. Diftler, J. Mehling, L. Bridgwater, N. Radford, S. M. Goza,and C. Gilbert

TRANSFORMATIONAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES—HFARTHER TERM OPPORTUNITIES

Hybrid Robotic Habitat for Lunar Exploration 1078D. Smitherman, M. Rais-Rohani, D. Dunn, and D. Perkinson

Integrated System Health Management with Networked Intelligent Elements 1088F. Figueroa, J. Schmalzel, and D. Duncavage

Advanced Propulsion and TPS for a Rapidity-Prototyped CEV 1096G. C. Hudson

Achieving the Space Vision through Government Incentives and Rapid Prototyping 1103D. P. Gump

HUMAN/ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY: DRIVERS AND OPTIONS TO MEET THENEEDS OF OTHER APPLICATIONS

Toward Sustainable and Affordable Space Exploration: The Role of NASA's Space ProductDevelopment Program 1108

F. D. SchowengerdtLightweight Nonmetallic Thermal Protection Materials Technology 1115

P. G. Valentine, T. W. Lawrence, M. K. Gubert, F. S. Milos, S. R. Levine, C. W. Ohlhorst,and J. R. Koenig

Autonomous Assembly of Modular Structures in Space and on Extraterrestrial Locations 1121D. C. Alhorn

Semi-autonomous Telerobotic Manipulation: A Viable Approach for Space StructureDeployment and Maintenance 1129

Y. S. Park, H. Kang, T. F. Ewing, E. L. Faulring, B. P. DeJong, M. A. Peshkin, and J. E. Colgate

TRANSFORMATIONAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES:NEARER TERM NEEDS

Technology Challenges for Deep-Throttle Cryogenic Engines for Space Exploration 1137K. K. Brown and K. W. Nelson

Autonomous Operations for the Crew Exploration Vehicle—Trade StudyDesign Considerations 1145

J. M. Crawford and C. R. WeisbinHow to Extend the Capabilities of Space Systems for Long Duration SpaceExploration Systems 1153

N. I. Marzwell, R. D. Waterman, K. KrishnaKumar, and S. J. Waterman

3RD SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE COLONIZATION

SPACE EXPLORATION

Micro Asteroid Prospector Powered by Energetic Radioisotopes: MAPPER 1163S. D. Howe and G. P. Jackson

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The Plasma Magnet for Sailing the Solar Wind 1171J. Slough

A Concept Mission: Microbots for Large-Scale Planetary Surface and Surface Exploration... See AppendixS. Dubowsky, K. Iagnemma, S. Liberatore, D. M. Lambeth, J. S. Plante, and P. J. Boston

SPACE BASES

Technical Feasibility Assessment of Lunar Base Mission Scenarios 1188T. Magelssen and E. Sadeh

The New Mars Synthesis: A New Concept of Mars Geo-chemical History 1199J. E. Brandenburg

SPACE RESOURCE UTILIZATION ON THE MOON

Solar Thermal Power System for Lunar ISRU Processes 1206T. Nakamura and C. L. Senior

Granular Materials and the Risks they Pose for Success on the Moon and Mars 1216R. A. Wilkinson, R. P. Behringer, J. T. Jenkins, and M. Y. Louge

Carbon Reduction of Lunar Regolith for Oxygen Production 1224R. J. Gustafson, E. E. Rice, and B. C. White

SPACE RESOURCE UTILIZATION ON MARS

MicroChannel Reactors for ISRU Applications 1229S. Carranza, D. B. Makel, B. Blizman, and B. J. Ward

2 N D SYMPOSIUM ON NEW FRONTIERSAND FUTURE CONCEPTS

POTENTIAL FRONTIERS

The GEM (Gravity-Electro-Magnetism) Theory of Field Unification and its Application toHuman Flight and Gravity Wave Production and Detection 1239

J. E. BrandenburgThe Biefeld Brown Effect and the Global Electric Circuit 1249

G. V. StephensonWarp-Drives: The Dreams and Realities. Part I: A Problem Statement and Insights 1256

P. A. MuradAnalysis of the Demonstration of the Gertsenshtein Effect 1264

G. V. Stephenson

ADVANCED CONCEPTS AND NEAR TERM TECHNOLOGffiS

High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (HFGW) Generation by Means of X-ray Lasers andDetection by Coupling Linearized GW to EM Fields 1271

R. M. L. Baker, Jr. and F.-Y. LiSuperconductor Permanent Magnets for Advanced Propulsion Applications 1282

P. Putman, Y. Zhou, K. Salama, T. Robertson, and D. D. BondWeight Measurements of High-Temperature Superconductors during Phase Transitionin Stationary, Non-Stationary Condition and under ELF Radiation 1290

M. Tajmar, K. Hense, K.-Marhold, and C. de Matos

xiv

Gravitational Wave Generation and Detection Using Acoustic Resonators and CoupledResonance Chambers 1298

R. C. Woods and R. M. L. Baker, Jr.Applications of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs) 1306

R. M. L. Baker, Jr.Gravitational Wave (GW) Radiation Pattern at the Focus of a High-Frequency GW (HFGW)Generator and Aerospace Applications 1315

R. M. L. Baker, Jr., E. W. Davis, and R. C. WoodsChaotic Bits (Chabits) in Quantum and Chaos Computing 1323

Ci. Ciubotariu, C.-I. Ciubotariu, and Co. CiubotariuGravitational Wave Propulsion 1331

G. Fontana

NEAR TERM PROPULSION CONCEPTS—THE AIR-BREATHING MISSION

Combining MHD Airbreathing and Fusion Rocket Propulsion for Earth-to-Orbit Flight 1339H. D. Froning, Jr., G. H. Miley, N. Luo, Y. Yang, H. Momota, and E. Burton

Tweaking Flux Capacitors 1345J. F. Woodward

Concept for Space Technology Advancement 1353J. J. Hansen

Regenerative Aerobraking 1361R. W. Moses

FAR TERM PROPULSION CONCEPTS—THE DEEP SPACE MISSION

Manipulating the Vacuum Scalar Field with Superconductors: A Search for Exotic Material 1371G. A. Robertson

Quantum Vacuum Pathway Theory 1379E. Habegger

Extracting Energy from Cosmic Electromagnetic Fields and Plasmas by a Chaotic Gun Effectfor Relativistic Charged Particles 1387

Ci. Ciubotariu, C.-I. Ciubotariu, and Co. CiubotariuOverview of Theories and Experiments on Electromagnetic Inertia Manipulation Propulsion 1395

H. H. Brito and S. A. Elaskar

THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS, WARP DRIVES FASTER THAN LIGHTSPEED TRAVEL, AND OTHER CONCEPTS—I

The Four Space-Times Model of Reality 1403G. Fontana

Warp-Drives: The Dreams and Realities. Part II: Potential Solutions 1411P. A. Murad

A Perspective of Practical Interstellar Exploration: Using Field Propulsion and Hyper-SpaceNavigation Theory 1419

Y. MinamiHeim Quantum Theory for Space Propulsion Physics 1430

W. Droscher and J. Hauser

APPENDIX

Advanced Thermophotovoltaic Devices for Space Nuclear Power Systems 1441B. Wernsman, R. G. Mahorter, R. Siergiej, S. D. Link, R. J. Wehrer, S. J. Belanger, P. Fourspring,S. Murray, F. Newman, D. Taylor, and T. Rahmlow

xv

A Concept Mission: Microbots for Large-Scale Planetary Surface and Surface Exploration 1449S. Dubowsky, K. Iagnemma, S. Liberatore, D. M. Lambeth, J. S. Plante, and P. J. Boston

Author Index 1459

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