space missions
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Space Missions. By: James Phommaxay , Andrew Fazekas , and Nick Chase. Warm-up. In 3-5 sentences write what you know about the three main space missions. To refresh your mind, the three we are talking about are Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Warm-up
In 3-5 sentences write what you know about the three main space missions. To refresh your mind, the three we are talking about are Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo.
Project Mercury Initiated in 1958, completed in 1963 Project Mercury was the United States' first
man-in-space program.
Mercury Objectives
The objectives of the program was to Orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth To investigate man's ability to function in space To recover both man and spacecraft safely
Requirements for Spacecraft The spacecraft must be fitted with a reliable launch-escape
system to separate the spacecraft and its crew from the launch vehicle in case of impending failure.
The pilot must be given the capability of manually controlling spacecraft attitude.
The spacecraft must carry a retrorocket system capable of reliably providing the necessary impulse to bring the spacecraft out of orbit.
A zero-lift body utilizing drag braking would be used for reentry.
The spacecraft design must satisfy the requirements for a water landing.
Project Mercury Astronauts Lieutenant Commander Alan Shepard (U.S. Navy) Captain Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom (U.S. Air Force) Captain Leroy G. (Gordon) Cooper (U.S. Air Force) Lieutenant Commander Walter M. Schirra (U.S. Navy) Captain Donald K. (Deke) Slayton (U.S. Air Force) Lieutenant Colonel John H. Glenn (U.S. Marine Corps) Lieutenant Malcolm S. (Scott) Carpenter (U.S. Navy)
Top row (L-R): Shepard, Grissom, Cooper Bottom row (L-R): Schirra, Slayton, Glenn, Carpenter
Mercury Spacecraft one-shaped one-man capsule with a cylinder mounted on top. The blunt end was covered with an ablative heat shield to
protect it against the 3,000 degree heat of entry into the atmosphere.
The dimension of it were 6.5 feet long and 6.2 feet in diameter.
Project Gemini - Goal To subject two men and supporting equipment to long
duration flights -- a requirement for projected later trips to the moon or deeper space.
To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land.
To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system
To gain additional information concerning the effects of weightlessness on crew members and physiological reactions of crew members during long duration flights.
To provide the astronauts with zero-gravity, rendezvous, and docking experience required for Apollo
Project Gemini Spacecraft 5.8 meters long 3 meters in diameter 3180 kilograms (8400 pounds) It was designed as a two-man spacecraft
Gemini Astronauts The Sixteen Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Frank Borman, Charles 'Pete' Conrad, Jr,
James A. Lovell, Jr, James A. McDivitt, Elliot M. See, Thomas J. Stafford, Edward H. White II, and John W.Young
Apollo Objectives To establish the technology to meet other national
interests in space. To achieve preeminence in space for the United
States To carry out a program of scientific exploration of
the Moon To develop man's capability to work in the lunar
environment.
Apollo Spacecraft Command Module - designed to carry three astronauts
from launch to lunar orbit and back to an Earth ocean landing.
11.42 feet tall 12.83 feet in diameter 12,250 pounds Service Module – it supported the command Module, with
a service propulsion engine and an RCS with propellants, and a fuel cell power generation system with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen reactants.
24.6 feet long 12.83 feet in diameter Weighed just over 54,000 pounds
Apollo Spacecraft – Landing on the Moon Lunar Module - was designed to descend from lunar orbit to
land two astronauts on the Moon and take them back to orbit to rendezvous with the Command Module
(Neil Armstrong’s crew was the first to actually do the lunar landing and walk on the moon on their mission, making Neil Armstrong the first man to walk on the moon.)