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Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “TeleEpidemiology” Tadashi Murai, M.D., Ph.D. Space Biomedical Research Group JAXA

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Page 1: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Space Medicine and Satellite Technology“Tele‐Epidemiology”

Tadashi Murai, M.D., Ph.D.Space Biomedical Research Group

JAXA

Page 2: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Advanced Land Observing Satellite "DAICHI" (ALOS)

Page 3: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

5m Resolution of ALOS Observation

Page 4: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Polio Virus Sampling using ALOS Data

Page 5: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Malaria Control using ALOS Data• eutrophication • Anopheles

Page 6: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Emergency Medical Operationssupported by Wideband InterNetworking Satellite

Page 7: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

ISS as a Test‐Bed for Human Space Exploration

Tadashi Murai, M.D., Ph.D.Space Biomedical Research Group

JAXA

Page 8: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Human Space ExplorationMoon Base / Mars Exploration

• Challenging unexperienced risks• Using ISS for verification = ISS as a test‐bed

Page 9: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Moon Exploration

Page 10: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Mars Exploration

Page 11: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Design Reference Missions (Example)

NASA Office of Inspector General IG‐16‐003

Page 12: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Mars Environmental Aspects for Human

• Limited Resources• Isolation• Hostile/closed environment spacecraft design

• Altered gravity• Space Radiation 

Page 13: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Limited Resources

• “Storage, power, and weight limitations in the crafts in which humans will travel and live in deep space will affect the amount and type of food, medical supplies, exercise equipment, and other resources available.” NASA Office of Inspector General IG‐16‐003

Page 14: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Isolation• “Because crews will be millions of 

of miles and many months travel from Earth, they must be prepared to deal with a variety of medical situations ranging from minor cuts to catastrophic injuries.In addition, isolation from Earth may case psychological and behavioral issues for crew members that could affect their wellbeing and performance.  Finally, the periodic deliveries of supplies available to crews living on the ISS will not be an option in deep space.”

NASA Office of Inspector General IG‐16‐003

Page 15: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Hostile/Closed Environment Spacecraft Design

• “Spacecraft will have a closed life‐support system and cramped working and living quarters.  The ISS has 15,000cubic feet of habitable area ‐ more than a conventional 3‐bedroom house.  In contrast, the Orion crew capsule NASA is developing and plans to use for at least the initial forays beyond low Earth orbit has 314 cubic feet of habitable area.”

NASA Office of Inspector General IG‐16‐003

Page 16: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Altered Gravity• “The prolonged 

weightlessness experienced in space causes astronauts to endure a number of physical and physiological changes.  For example, astronauts routinely experience altered inner ear function as well as loss of bone density and muscle strength and blood and other body fluids move from the legs and lower extremities to the upper parts of the body.”

NASA Office of Inspector General IG‐16‐003

Page 17: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Space Radiation • “Deep space radiation is significantly 

different from radiation encountered on Earth, and it is unknown how the human body will respond to prolonged exposure.  Earth, and to a lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place by the Earth’s magnetic field that shield the planet and its human inhabitants from space radiation and solar weather.  Missions that travel beyond low Earth orbit do not enjoy the protection of the Belts.”

NASA Office of Inspector General IG‐16‐003

Page 18: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Human Health and Performance Risksby Space Environment Hazard

Page 19: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Exploration Risks• Musculoskeletal• Sensorimotor• Autonomous Medical Care• Behavioral Health and Performance• Ocular Syndrome• Hypogravity• Radiation

Page 20: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Exploration Risk Rating (Example)

Page 21: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Autonomous Medical Care / Nutrition

Page 22: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Ocular Syndrome

• Mission and long‐term health risk of Microgravity‐induced Visual Impairment and/or elevated intracranial Pressure (VIIP)

Page 23: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

NASA Human Research Program• Integrated Pathway to Mars

– Keywords• “Crew Autonomy” ‐ Self Organizing• Resilience – adaptation capability• communication time delay

– ISS as a test‐bed• One‐Year Missions ‐ TwinsדOmics” study• Human Research Analog 

Page 24: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

On going “Twin Sons” Study on ISS• “Integrated Omics Study”

Page 25: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Human Research Analog

Japanese Antarctic Research Base

Page 26: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Space Radiation and Behavioral Health and Performance (Interdisciplinary)

Page 27: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Sleep / Circadian rhythm

Page 28: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders

• monotony• communication time delay• crew autonomy• motivation• resilience• virtual (cyber) world• non‐obstrutive (non‐intrusive) monitoring

Page 29: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Future Space Stations??

Page 30: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place

Space Colony???

Page 31: Space Medicine and Satellite Technology “Tele Epidemiology” · lesser extent low Earth orbit, are protected by the Van Allen Belts, regions of trapped radiation held in place