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This document has been reviewed by: Nick Asch, Co-Founder & Chief Technical Officer

Gliph, https://gli.ph AEP107 Alumni

INFORMATION PG. WELCOME 2

To begin, what is old is made better with new technology and innovation: 2

GLASS COCKPIT 2 JET ENGINES 2 AIRCRAFT REDESIGN 3 WINGLETS 3

An old idea that new technology caught up to: 3 AIRSHIP 3 FLYING CARS / ROADABLE AIRPLANES 3 PERSONAL AIR VEHICLES 4 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE 5

New technology that creates a game changer 5 MATERIALS SCIENCE 5 MOTORIZED LANDING GEAR 5

Then there are CONCEPTS out there in research land. These are great ideas that need to be developed and “proven in” for real world operations.

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DIGITAL AEROSPACE 6 HYPERSONIC AEROPLANES 6

A great imagination and a graphics design software program and you too can become a visionary. Some organizations (like NASA) have the credibility to publish foreseeable concepts.

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NASA - AIRPLANES OF TOMORROW 7 Resources 9

WEBSITES 9 NOTE: Please send all document improvement comments and Innovation updates to:

Tom Teel, tfteel@gmail.com Thank You!

AEROSPACE INNOVATION

AEROSPACE – YOUR FUTURE

Published: 092412

AEROSPACE

INNOVATION

Aerospace – Your Future

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WELCOME

There is a lot of Aero Innovation. This innovation is driven by a need to become financially efficient in the operation of our aerospace community. The cost of fuel and flight operations to airline and all forms of flight is extensive. Then there are the “Green” aspects of flying. Everything from the reduction in exhaust gases to recycling the aircraft plays a large part in current and future aircraft design.

This document uses examples of innovation. Documentation of all innovation by all corporations would create an incredibly large document. If you would like more information on a particular item, please search on the purple headers. Example: “Digital Airplane”

PLEASE NOTE: AERO INNOVATION is moving very quickly. Industry definitions / categories / descriptions are not always in synch.

To begin, what is old is made better with new technology and innovation.

GLASS COCKPIT Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_cockpit

The Airbus A380 glass cockpit featuring "pull out keyboards and 2 wide

computer screens on the sides for pilots"

A glass cockpit is an aircraft cockpit that features electronic (digital) instrument displays, typically large LCD screens, rather than the traditional style of analog dials and gauges. While a traditional cockpit relies on numerous mechanical gauges to display information, a glass cockpit uses several displays driven by flight management systems, that can be adjusted to display flight information as needed. This simplifies aircraft operation and navigation and allows pilots to focus only on the most pertinent information. They are also popular with airline companies as they usually eliminate the need for a flight engineer. In recent years the

technology has become widely available in small aircraft.

JET ENGINES Jet engines are fast becoming smaller, more powerful, more reliable, and more efficient! Various manufactures, using different innovative approaches are producing these engines.

The Pratt & Whitney PurePower engine is one example.

PRATT & WHITNEY PurePower® PW1200G Engine http://www.purepowerengine.com

OVERVIEW The next-generation engine deserves next-generations service. You invested in the game-changing PurePower PW1000G engine for unmatched maturity, fuel efficiency and ease of maintenance. Now you want to keep your competitive advantage. No one knows our Geared TurboFan(tm) engines better than we do. With a view of the entire fleet of PurePower engines, we have the know-how and experience to help you get the most out of your asset.

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AIRCRAFT REDESIGN

Boeing 747-8 http://www.newairplane.com/747 Designed to operate 15 percent more efficiently than its GE-powered predecessor, the 747-400, the 747-8 relies largely on a new supercritical wing for its performance benefits. The engine, meanwhile, represents fifth-generation technology and resists deterioration over time far better than its precursors, translating into better midlife performance and less cost

WINGLETS

http://www.core77.com/blog/transportation/boeings_new_winglet_design_22379.asp The raked "dual feather" winglet, which makes it look as if the tip of the wing has split and is peeling in separate directions, adds surface area without lengthening the wing; this increases lift, and the shape also reduces the air vortices and attendant drag that typically form at the wingtips. Boeing says the winglet design alone will improve fuel efficiency by 1.5 percent.

An old idea that new technology caught up to

AIRSHIPS The Hindenburg disaster at the Lakehurst Naval Air station put an end to the Airship era. Today, with the advent of better management of the lighter than air gases, lighter/stronger materials and a market for “heavy lifting” has stirred a lot of innovative Airship designs.

The Lockheed-Martin P791 is a great example of airship development.

Lockheed Martin P791 http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/p-791.html

This airship’s utility is not limited to military missions. Having eyes on a situation and the ability

to support cargo transport is invaluable for humanitarian, disaster relief, and homeland security efforts. An affordable and environmentally sensitive solution, the Hybrid Air Vehicle is more fuel efficient than any other flying system, consuming less than a third the fuel of a fixed wing aircraft to accomplish the same mission. Using an innovative air cushion landing system, the airship can launch and land easily in open fields, parking lots or even on water.

FLYING CARS / ROADABLE AIRPLANES Innovation in Materials Sciences and propulsion has supported the design of a new era of Flying Cars / Roadable Airplanes. The Terrafugia Inc., TRANSITIONTM is an example of this new era.

TERRAFUGIA http://www.terrafugia.com/index.html Terrafugia (ter-ra-FOO-gee-ah) was founded in 2006 by award-winning MIT-trained aeronautical engineers and MBA's – who also happen to be passionate private pilots. The company’s mission is to provide innovative solutions to the challenges facing personal aviation. The result: the Transition® Roadable Aircraft.

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PERSONAL AIR VEHICLE Designers are planning personal air transportation. From the James Bond jetpack and into the present the search has been for the Holy Grail of engine efficiency / power and low weight to transport a human being. The Martin Jetpack reflects the current state of this technology

Martin Jetpack http://martinjetpack.com The Martin Jetpack is the result of inspiration and many years of development work by Glenn Martin and an enthusiastic team of engineers and other experts.. It uses sophisticated composites and a highly efficient propulsion system to achieve the goal of personal flight, with many safety features including a ballistic parachute

JAMES BOND http://www2.electronicproducts.com/5_best_technologies_from_James_Bond_movies-article-fajb_james_bond_apr2012-html.aspx Bond’s jetpack had 20 seconds of fly time and used a hydrogen peroxide fuel. In terms of design, it was essentially two fuel tanks strapped to Bond’s back, which helped him flee the scene whenever things got a bit hairy. It folded up easily to be stored in the trunk of Bond’s car.

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UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE - UAV We used to call them radio controlled model airplanes. Add a few hundred thousand dollars in development costs, some specialized electronics and you have a UAV.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A group photo of aerial demonstrators at the 2005 Naval Unmanned Aerial

Vehicle Air Demo.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of a navigator, or pilot (in military UAVs called a Combat Systems Officer on UCAVs) on the ground or in another vehicle. There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, and characteristics. Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but autonomous control is increasingly being employed.[1] Their largest use is within military applications. UAVs are also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as firefighting or nonmilitary security work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft

New technology that creates a game changer

MATERIALS SCIENCE Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Composite materials

A 6 μm diameter carbon filament (running from bottom left to top right) compared to a human hair. Filaments are commonly used for reinforcement in composite materials. Another application of material science in industry is the making of composite materials. An example of this technology is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner – a game changer!

BOEING 787 DREAMLINER (GAME CHANGER) http://www.newairplane.com/787

The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is a long-range, mid-size wide-body, twin-engine jet airliner developed by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It seats 210 to 290 passengers, depending on the variant. Boeing states that it is the company's most fuel-efficient airliner and the world's first major airliner to use composite materials for most of its construction. According to Boeing, the 787 consumes 20% less fuel than the similarly-sized 767. Its distinguishing features include a four-panel windshield, noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles, and a smoother nose contour.

MOTORIZED LANDING GEAR

Pushback without Tugs, Taxi without Engines http://www.wheeltug.gi WheelTug is a powerful new system capable of allowing aircraft to taxi both backwards and forwards without the use of tugs or engines.

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Using two small proprietary in-wheels Chorus Meshcon motors, pilots can turn off their engines and realize the following benefits:

Substantial fuel savings Increased safety and flexibility of operations Faster turnaround times Reduced engine wear and repair costs Reduced emissions and noise pollution

Then there are CONCEPTS that are out there in research land. These are great ideas that need to be developed and “proven in” for real world operations.

DIGITAL AEROSPACE Fly by Wireless Remote controlled (no wires) flight surfaces

and propulsion. Remote monitoring / analysis (no wires) of

aircraft operations One vision is the Boeing – Digital Airline

Digital Airline - Boeing: Integrated Services http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aviationservices/integrated-services/digital-airline.html Saturday, September 01, 2012 Boeing believes the future of the aviation industry lies in "the digital airline." To succeed in the marketplace, airlines and their engineering and IT teams must take advantage of the increasing amount of data coming off of airplanes, using advanced analytics and airplane technology to take operational efficiency to the next level. The key to the digital airline is delivering secure, detailed operational and maintenance information to the people who need it most, when they need it most. That means that engineering will share data with

IT, but also with the finance, accounting, operational and executive functions. The end result will be airlines that can make the most informed, best possible decisions to maximize their efficiency, profitability and environmental performance. The digital airline will be:

Connected in real time with passengers, maintenance, finance and operations groups, maintenance, repair and overhaul providers and the supply chain, enabling an ever-more-tightly linked airline ecosystem.

Networked to their airplane assets through complex onboard and ground systems that generate increasingly richer volumes of data for mining by engineering and IT teams.

Software- and data-driven. Boeing is working every day, across airplane programs and aviation services, to advance its vision to provide operators with an integrated information platform that enables the digital airline and enhances airline performance management. In a world where information is a key enabler of operational efficiencies and network security is vital, the runway ahead has never been more inspiring.

HYPERSONIC AEROPLANES You have business, and want to get to your destination and return home – fast. A good example would be Reaction Engines, Ltd. LAPCAT A2

REACTION ENGINES LTD http://www.reactionengines.co.uk/index.html LAPCAT A2

As an example of the applicability of REL's SABRE engine and lightweight heat exchanger technology to Mach 5 cruise, REL is presently engaged on an EU 50% funded project as part of Framework 6 called LAPCAT — Long-term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies. This study is to examine the propulsion concepts and technologies required

SABRE engine technology can enable aircraft to cruise within the atmosphere at speeds of up to 5 times the speed of sound with a range of as much as 20,000km (half way around the world).

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A great imagination and a graphics design software program and you too can become a visionary. Some organizations (like NASA) have the credibility to publish foreseeable concepts.

NASA - AIRPLANES OF TOMORROW http://www.space.com/14438-photos-future-airplanes-nasa-21st-century-aircraft.html NASA's Vision of Future Air Travel | Space Technology & 21st Century Air Travel | NASA Aeronautics Research & Future Airplanes, Space.com, July 30, 2012

Boeing's Advanced Vehicle Concept

Credit: NASA/Boeing

Boeing's advanced vehicle concept centers around the familiar blended wing body design like the X-48. What makes this design different is the placement of its Pratt & Whitney geared turbofan engines on the top of the plane's back end, flanked by two vertical tails to shield people on the ground from engine noise. The design also uses other technologies to reduce noise and drag, and long-span wings to improve fuel efficiency.

Lockheed Martin's Advanced Vehicle Concept

Credit: NASA/Lockheed Martin

Lockheed Martin's advanced vehicle concept proposes a box wing design, which is now feasible thanks to modern lightweight composite

(nonmetallic) materials, landing gear technologies and other advancements.

Flying Wing Goes Commercial

Credit: NASA/Northrop Grumman

Northrop Grumman's concept is based on the extremely aerodynamic "flying wing" design. The four Rolls Royce engines are embedded in the upper surface of the wing to achieve maximum noise shielding.

Northrop Grumman' Possible Flying Wing

Credit: NASA/Northrop Grumman

This computer-generated image shows a possible future "flying wing" aircraft, very efficiently and quietly in flight over populated areas. This kind of design, produced by Northrop Grumman, would most likely carry cargo at first and then also carry passengers.

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Another Take on Supersonic Credit: NASA/Lockheed Martin

Our ability to fly at supersonic speeds over land in civil aircraft depends on our ability to reduce the level of sonic booms. NASA has been exploring a variety of options for quieting the boom, starting with design concepts and moving through wind tunnel tests to flight tests of new technologies.

AMELIA Climbs High Credit: NASA/Cal Poly

This computer rendering shows AMELIA (Advanced Model for Extreme Lift and Improved Aeroacoustics), a possible future hybrid wing body-type subsonic vehicle with short takeoff and landing capabilities.

Boxed-Wing Reduces Drag

Credit: NASA/Lockheed Martin

This artist's concept shows a possible future subsonic aircraft using a boxed- or joined-wing configuration to reduce drag and increase fuel efficiency.

The Double Bubble D8 in Flight

Credit: NASA/MIT/Aurora Flight Sciences

The "double bubble" D8 Series future aircraft design concept comes from the research team led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

GE Aviation: Small but Mighty

Credit: NASA/GE Aviation

This future aircraft design concept comes from the research team led by GE Aviation. Much lighter and more aerodynamic than current aircraft with the same capacity, the 20-passenger aircraft would reduce fuel consumption and noise and enable business jet-like travel between more than 1,300 airports.

Volt Future Aircraft Design from Boeing

Credit: NASA/The Boeing Company

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The Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research, or SUGAR, Volt future aircraft design comes from the research team led by The Boeing Company. The Volt is a twin-engine concept with a hybrid propulsion system that combines gas turbine and battery technology, a tube-shaped body and a truss-braced wing mounted to the top of the aircraft.

Green Supersonic Machine

Credit: NASA/Lockheed Martin Corporation

This future aircraft design concept for supersonic flight over land comes from the team led by the Lockheed Martin Corporation. The team used simulation tools to show it was possible to achieve over-land flight by dramatically lowering the level of sonic booms through the use of an "inverted-V" engine-under wing configuration.

Boeing's "Iconic" Idea

Credit: NASA/The Boeing Company

The "Icon-II" future aircraft design concept for supersonic flight over land comes from the team led by The Boeing Company.

MIT Says Bigger Is Better

Credit: NASA/MIT/Aurora Flight Sciences

The Hybrid Wing Body H-Series future aircraft design concept comes from the research team led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This design is suitable for intercontinental flights and larger passenger loads similar to a Boeing 777.

RESOURCES

WEBSITES:

Future by Airbus http://www.airbus.com/innovation/future-by-airbus

Boeing – Stories http://www.boeing.com/stories/index.html