southern industrialization -...

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Task

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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________

Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom:

7th Grade US History Standard # – Do Now – Day #107

Aims: SWBAT explain how cotton production was an economic incentive for slavery in the South SWBAT identify the different social groups in the South SWBAT evaluate how slavery affected African Americans and Southern Society

DO NOW Directions: Answer the following questions in complete and historically accurate sentences. You must attempt each question, there should be absolutely no blank spaces. Be sure to provide examples and evidence to support your answers.

1. What type of economy began to develop in the North?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the seven stages of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?

• ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________

• ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________

3. Draw two diagrams of the triangular trade systems. Be sure to include what was being traded

and the place they were being traded


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Task

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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________ Homeroom: __________________

I. The Importance of Cotton

The economy of the southern United States thrived by 1850 because of cotton, it became the leading cash crop. A cash crop is a crop that is grown for profit in a commercial economy, the first cash crop was tobacco, sold to Europeans who developed a taste for it. In the Deep South cotton helped the economy prosper, and slavery grew because the southern states needed more labor to grow and cultivate their crops. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionized cotton production. The machine removed seeds from cotton fibers. A slave could clean only 1 pound of cotton a day by hand before the cotton gin was invented, but with the machine a slave could now clean 50 pounds a day. This created a need for more slaves, as cotton was already being grown at a large rate, it just needed to be cleaned. The British and North American textile, or clothing, industry created a huge demand for cotton and kept the price how, making it extremely profitable. 1. What is a cash crop? What was the first cash crop? ________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What cash crop did the south rely on? _____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What invention increased the need for slaves? ______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who was purchasing the cotton that the south grew? _______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ II. Why didn’t the South Have Industry like the North?

The Southern states relied on the Northern states and Britain to manufacture their cotton into textiles. Why didn’t the south just build factories to manufacture their own cotton? Well, the problem was due to the demand for cotton and its high profitability, the South failed to develop industry. Also, factories were expensive to build and would not be able to compete with the northern factories. People saw no need to change from an agricultural, or farm based economy to an industrial economy because they saw no end to slavery and their economic prosperity, or growth. Essentially, the south believed that as long as the world needed clothing that hey would be the place to go get the cotton, without thinking of the institution of slavery as becoming a divisive issue.


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1. Who manufactured the South’s cotton? ____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why didn’t the South develop industry? ____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________ III. Document 1

3. What trend is shown in cotton production?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is likely the cause of the trend in cotton production?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What trend is shown in the slave population?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________ Homeroom: __________________ 6. Using prior knowledge, why are cotton production and the slave population related?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ III. Social Groups

1. According to the chart, most southerners had how many slaves?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. White southern society was largely made up of three groups:

• _________________________________ • _________________________________

• _________________________________


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Task

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HOMEWORK _____/10 Mastered/Passing/Not Mastered

Economy of the South The South’s economy was based on agriculture, and southerners were proud of it. Most white southerners were agrarians who favored a way of life based on farming. This was especially true of rich plantation owners, who do not have to do the hard work of growing crops themselves. Although most white southerners worked their own small farms, plantation owners used slaves to grow such cash crops as tobacco, rice, sugar cane and indigo. By the 1790s,

however the use of slaves had begun to decline. Europeans were unwilling to pay high prices for tobacco and rice, which they could purchase more cheaply from other British colonies. Cotton was a promising crop, but growers who had experimented with it had a hard time making a profit. Until some way was found to clean the seeds out of its fiber easily, cotton was of little value. Discouraged planters were buying fewer slaves, and even letting some go free.

In 1793, a young Yale graduate named Eli Whitney took a job tutoring children on a Georgia plantation. There he saw his first cotton boll. Observing the way cotton was cleaned by hand, Whitney had an idea, “If a machine could be invented that would clean the cotton with expedition [speed],” he wrote his father, “it would be a great thing…to the country.” Whitney set to work. Six months later, he had a working machine that would change the face of the south.

King Cotton Whitney’s “cotton engine,” called the cotton gin for short, was a simple machine that used rotating combs to separate cotton fiber from its seeds. Using a cotton gin, a single worker could clean as much cotton as 50 laborers working by hand. Across the South, planters began growing cotton. Within ten years, cotton was the section’s most important crop. By 1860, sales of cotton overseas earned more money than all other US exports combined. It was little wonder that many southerners liked to boast, “Cotton is King.” Expanding Demand for Land and Slaves Raising cotton in the same

fields year after year soon wore out the soil. In search of fresh, fertile soil, cotton planters pushed west. By 1850, cotton plantations stretched from the Atlantic Coast to Texas.

Cotton gin: a hand operated machine that cleans seeds and other unwanted material from cotton.

Plantation: a large area of privately owned land where crops were grown

The economy of the South was based on agriculture. After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton quickly became the most important crop in the South.

Agrarian: a person who favors an agricultural way of life and government policies that support agricultural interests


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Name ___________________________ Date: ___________________ Homeroom: __________________ Whitney had hoped his invention would lighten the work of slaves. Instead, it made slavery more important that ever to the South. As cotton spread westward, slavery followed. Between 1790 and 1850, the number of slaves in the South rose from 500,000 to more than 3 million. With white southerners putting all their money into land and slaves, they had little interest in building factories. As a result, wrote an Alabama newspaper, “We purchase our other luxuries and necessities from the North….the slaveholder dresses in Northern goods, rides in a Northern saddle, sports his Northern carriage, reads Northern books. In Northern vessels his products are carried to market.” One successful southern factory was the Tredgegar Iron Works in Richmond, Virginia. Using mostly slave labor, the factory made ammunition and weapons for the US Army, as well as steam engines, rails, and locomotives. But the vast majority of white southerners made their living off the land.

1. What led to the decline of slavery by the 1790s?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What led to the major growth in the Southern Economy?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What led to plantation owners wanting to expand further west?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Make a prediction. What could the repercussion be of the South buying all of their

goods from the North and only concentrating on the production of cotton?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Task

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EXIT TICKET _____/5 Mastered/Passing/Not Mastered

Directions: Use the word bank to complete the sentences below. ALL BUT ONE of the words will be used.

The southern economy was based on _____________________ to produce their largest cash crop __________________. The first cash crop was _____________________, sold to the Europeans, who had a large market for southern agricultural products. While the south grew the cotton, it was manufactured in Northern and British _____________________ mills. These mills spun the cotton into clothing to be sold in stores. The South did not produce their own factories because there are expensive to build and because cotton already had a high ______________________________________, which allowed the southern economy to _____________________ and increased the need for more __________________.

Profitability Tobacco Slavery Slaves Prosper Cotton Gin Cotton Textile

southern industrialization -...

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