southern gulf islands marine protected area. federal level canada national marine conservation areas...
TRANSCRIPT
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Southern Gulf Islands Marine Protected Area
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Federal Level Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act Proposed Sites in BC Southern Gulf Islands National Park
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National Marine Conservation Areas Act
National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA) Provides for Marine Protected Areas (MPA)
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NMCA Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS)-
Proposal for Bill C-10 Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act, October 2000.
Provide Canadians with special places to connect with the rich and diverse environments on our shores, and ensure lasting benefits to our coastal communities and the ecological integrity and healthy proliferation of the valuable marine environments.
Each marine conservation area shall be divided into zones, which must include at least one zone that fosters and encourages ecologically sustainable use of marine resources and at least one zone that fully protects special features or sensitive elements of ecosystems, and may include other types of zones (NMCA Act 2002, c. 18 - 4.4).
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MPA Marine Protected Areas (MPA) would protect all or a portion of the
elements within a particular marine environment prohibiting: ocean dumping, dredging, exploration for, or development of, non-renewable resources.
Existing marine areas under some form of legislaion comprise only 2% of BC's marine environment.
In 1994, the federal and provincial government created a committee to develop a Marine Protected Area Strategy for BC
Canada is committed to the completion of a system of marine protected areas on the Pacific coast by 2010.
In 1998, a draft MPA strategy for the Pacific Coast was released. In June 2002, the National Marine Conservation Area Act was
passed, providing Parks Canada with the legislation to establish MPAs.
Gwaii Haanas and Southern Strait of Georgia are poised to be BC's first national marine conservation areas.
In 2000, Race Rocks was announced to be Canada's first Marine Protected Area under the Oceans Act but the Endeavour Hot Vents were established as the country's first Oceans Act MPA.
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Proposed MPA Sites1. Southern Gulf Islands
2. Gwaii Haanas
3. Scott Islands
4. Queen Charlotte Strait
5. Hakai
6. Gabriola
7. Race Rocks
8. Bowie Seamounts
9. Endeavour Hot Vents
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Oceans Act MPA Criteria: (1) High biodiversiy (2) Fish and habitat (3) Threatened (4) Unique habitat
S. Gulf Islands: (1) Nutrients upflow (2)Rockfish,lingcod (3) Killer whales (4) Sponges, sea
anenomes
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Southern Gulf Islands
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Map
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Size of No-Take Zones (MPA)
Small areas - few kilometers wide, for small animals (Roberts and Haukins 2000)
Large areas - tens of kilometers wide, for larger animals and bird colonies (Mosquera et al. 2000)
Buffer zones - to protect core not-take zone (NTZ) centers
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MPA Connections Distance - No take zones should be 10 to
50 km apart to maximize biodiversity protection
Currents - link no take zones Upstream - need to be protected to
conserve downstream areas Arrange - to maximize links between no
take zones
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SquareSquare = No Take Zone
(NTZ)
LineLine = links (connection
between zones)
MPA LINKS
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As the number of no take zones increase, the
conections double and triple
between these protected areas
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The overall protected area
increases in size because of the
substantial increase of links
between sites
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Representational Areas - types of MPAs
Percentage 20-50% of each
ecosystem type should be protected for long-term viability
Ecosystem Identification
Topography / ocean features
Exposure High and low tidal
exposed areas consist of different species
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Biodiversity Protection Summary
Small - few kilometers for non-moving species
Large - 10-20 kilometers for mobile animals
20% - of each habitat type Research - a survey over time to
identify best design for maximum biodiversity
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People Benefit First Nations
Culture preservation The establishment of MPAs in British
Columbia will be without prejudice to First Nations treaty processes and the Constitutional rights of First Nation governments.
Public Participation and Education
Economic benefits Fisheries Ecotourism
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Stake-holders Study on local involvement in Mediterranean
(Badalamenti, 2000)
Success is proportional to the involvement of the local community
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Kelp bed ecology
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Fisheries
Adult Recruitment Species Recovery Life Stage Protection Genetic Reservoirs Insurance Against Uncertainty
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AdjacentAdjacent FishingFishing AreasAreas
Florida Florida (Taylor et al. 2000)(Taylor et al. 2000) Tagged fish left MPA to enter fishing groundsTagged fish left MPA to enter fishing grounds Several world records set near MPASeveral world records set near MPA
Caribbean Caribbean (Taylor et al. 2000)(Taylor et al. 2000)
Greater abundance, size, and biomass near MPAGreater abundance, size, and biomass near MPA
California California (Thompson 1997)(Thompson 1997) Median catch close to MPA significantly greater than median catch far Median catch close to MPA significantly greater than median catch far
from MPAfrom MPA
Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico (Jones 1998)(Jones 1998) No increase in yield, but compliance by fishers only 65%No increase in yield, but compliance by fishers only 65%
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MPAs in BC Whytecliff Park:
Above average lingcod spawning in MPA Large coppers, quillbacks, and lingcod in MPA
Porteau Cove: Greater lingcod spawning than in controls
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Southern Gulf Island Fisheries
Migration route for salmon Bottom fishery for halibut Shellfish Crabs and prawns Rockfish
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Conclusions NMCA in Southern Gulf Islands will
benefit: Biodiversity Culture Ecotourism Fisheries