South Sumatra Forest FireManagement ProjectSSFFMP

SUMMARY REPORT OF RESULTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS 2003-2007

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European Union South Sumatra Department of Forestry

South Sumatra Forest Fire Management ProjectSSFFMP

SUMMARY REPORT OF RESULTS AND ACHIEVEMENTSBy

Dr. Ir. H. Dodi Supriadi&

Dr. Karl-Heinz Steinmann SSFFMP Co-Directors

July 2007

2003-2007

South Sumatra Forest Fire Management Project Project No: IDN / RELEX / 1999 / 0103

Executing Authority: Ministry of ForestryImplementing Agency: Government of South Sumatra ProvinceProject Start: January 2003Project End: January 2008PMU: Dr. Karl-Heinz Steinmann Dr. Ir. H. Dodi Supriadi Tel/fax: +62 711 377821 / 353176 E-mail: ssffmp.eu@telkom.net

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Contents Page

Abbreviations iiiGlossary v

I. GENERAL OVERVIEW 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Development context 21.3 Expected results of SSFFMP 31.4 Methodology and Approach 51.5 Plan of Activities 61.6 Project Location and Selection of Priority Districts 61.7 Project Phases and TA Team Phasing In 81.8 Planning and implementation according to annual work plans AWP I to AWP V 81.9 Monitoring, Evaluation and Audit 11

2. MAIN RESULTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE 13 2.1 Component results and achievements 142.2 Summary and Conclusions 25

3. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND ANNEXES 273.1 Available Products Documents and Services 273.2 SSFFMP stakeholders 28 3.3 Project Log frame with indicators 293.4 Budgets according to the Financing Agreement and Extension Planning 333.5 Newspaper cuts 35

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Abbreviations

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English IndonesianAWP Annual Work Plan Rencana Kerja TahunanAYT Value at Risk Aset Yang TerancamBappeda Regional Development Planning Board Badan Perencanaan Daerah Bappedalda Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan DaerahBB Padi Paddy Research Agency Balai Besar PadiBC Ratio Benefit Cost Ratio Rasio Pendapatan dan BiayaBITHUT Ministry of Forestry regional office for Balai Inventarisasi dan Perpetaan Hutan

inventory and mapping (sekarang BPKH)BPKH Ministry of Forestry regional office for Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan

inventory and mapping (Previously BPKH)BPP Office of Women Empowerment Biro Pemberdayaan Perempuan BPTP Agricultural Technology Assessment Agency Balai Pengkajian Technologi Pertanian, CD Community Development Pemberdayaan MasyarakatCBFiM Community Based Fire Management Pengelolaan Kebakaran Berbasis MasyarakatDephut Ministry of Forestry Departemen Kehutanan R.I.Dinkes Health Services Dinas Kesehatan, Dishutbun, Forestry and Plantation Service Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Disperindag Industrial and Trade Service Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Distan Agricultural Service Dinas PertanianDs Village DesaDPKH Directorate of Forest Fire Management Direktorat Pengendalian Kebakaran HutanEC European Commission Komisi Uni EropaEIA Environmental Impact Assessment Analisis Dampak LingkunganENSO El Nino Southern OscillationEU European Union Uni EropaEUR Euro EuroFA Financing Agreement Kesepakatan PendanaanFFEWS Forest Fire Early Warning System Sistem Peringatan Dini Kebakaran HutanFLB Forest Liaison Bureau Biro KehutananFM Fire Management Pengendalian KebakaranGIS Geographical Information System Sistem Informasi GeografisGoI Government of Indonesia Pemerintah IndonesiaGPS Global Positioning System Sistem Pemposisi GlobalGRP Gender Resource PersonGTZ German Technical Co-operation Society Badan Kerjasama Teknis JermanHET Household Economic Training Pelatihan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga (ERT)HTI Timber Plantation Hutan Tanaman IndustriIDR Indonesian Rupiah RupiahICA Weather and Fire Info Bulletin Info Cuaca dan Api IGA Income Generating Activity Kegiatan Peningkatan PendapatanIPA Initial Plan of Activities Rencana Kerja awalIPB Bogor Agriculture Institute Institute Pertanian BogorIRRI International Rice Research Institute Lembaga Penelitian Padi InternasionalIMT Impact Monitoring Team Tim Monitoring DampakINPRES President Instruction Instruksi PresidenITTO International Tropical Timber Organization Organisasi Hutan Tropis InternasionalJICA Japan International Co-operation Agency Badan Kerjasama Internasional JepangKab District KabupatenKab BA District of Banyuasin Kabupaten BanyuasinKab MUBA District of Musi Banyuasin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin

Kab OKI District of Ogan Komering Ilir Kabupaten Ogan Komering IlirKADES Village Head Kepala DesaKec Sub District KecamatanLk Male Laki-lakiLSM Non-Governmental Organization Lembaga Swadaya MasyarakatLUP Landuse Planning Perencanaan Tata Guna LahanMoF Ministry of Forestry Departemen KehutananMoU Memorandum of Understanding Memorandum Kesepahaman MSF Multi Stakeholder Forum Forum MultipihakNGO Non-Governmental Organization Organisasi Non Pemerintahan (LSM)OECD/DAC Organization for Economic Cooperation &

Development/Development Assistance CommitteeOWP Overall Work Plan Rencana Kerja KeseluruhanP3LD Perencanaan Participatif Penatagunaan Lahan DesaPCC Project Co-ordination Committee Komite Koordinasi ProyekPEMDA Local Government Pemerintah DaerahPERPU Regulation in Lieu of Law Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-UndangPKK Family Welfare Programme Program Kesejahteraan Keluarga PMU Project Management Unit Unit Pengelola ProyekPPM Project Planning Matrix Matrix Perencanaan ProyekPr Female PerempuanPSC Project Steering Committee Komite Pengendali ProyekPSW Pusat Studi Wanita Women Study CenterRMU Rice Milling Unit Unit Penggilingan PadiRS Remote Sensing Penginderaan JauhSAAK Fire Threat Analysis Sistem Analisa Ancaman KebakaranSIKLAH Forest and Land Fire Information System Sistem Informasi Kebakaran Lahan dan HutanSISKe Fire Spatial Information System Sistem Informasi Spasial KebakaranSPBK Fire Danger Rating System Sistem Peringkat Bahaya KebakaranSPOT Satellite Pour I’Observation de la TerreSSFFMP South Sumatra Forest Fire Management ProjectSukakeswan Paramedic Livestock Volunteer Sukarelawan Kesehatan HewanTA Technical Assistant Asisten TeknisToT Training of Trainers Pelatihan untuk PelatihUNSRI University of Sriwijaya, Palembang Universitas Sriwijaya PalembangVCO Virgin Coconut OilWG Working Group Kelompok KerjaWSC Women Study Center Pusat Studi Wanita

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Glossary Sonor Traditional rice cultivation method used in South Sumatra in swamp

areas affected by prolonged dry spells. Farmers wait until the vegetation is dry and then burn the area with rice sown directly afterwards without any further land preparation. Formerly this method could be used effectively every 2-3 years with a prolonged dry season occurring to let the vegetation dry sufficiently to allow burning.

Lebak Lebung Natural pools or land depressions in swamp areas. Water and fish naturally accumulate in these pools during dry spells as the surrounding swamp areas dry out. Local residents regularly harvest these natural pools during the dry season. In order to access them they burn the surrounding vegetation.

Keramba Fish cages made of wood and bamboo used for breeding fresh-water fish in rivers and streams.

Saprodi Packages of supporting materials for agricultural productions such as seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides.

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1. GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction

1The South Sumatra Forest Fire Management Project (SSFFMP) addresses some important issues to reduce the disastrous effects of land and forest fires. These include destruction of the natural vegetation through burning, haze and smoke affecting Indonesia and neighbouring countries, and the large scale accelerated depletion of natural resources and biodiversity. The approach the project is applying is through prevention and fire fighting with community-based fire management at the local level, and the establishment of effective and efficient prevention and fire fighting command structures on provincial, district and village levels. Environmental disasters in 2006 and the extended fire season underline the need to do more and to extent significantly activities and measures to protect the environment and to reduce land and forest fires.

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Starting in 2003, SSFFMP initially focussed on the forestry sector but by 2005 the program was already starting to pay increasing attention to plantations and agriculture. Significant changes have taken place within these three sectors over the last few years with the forestry sector declining in economic importance, while the plantation sector for oil palm, rubber and pulp is expanding. Commodity prices for rubber, pulp and oil palm products have gone up since 2004 and the upward trend is continuing and may well accelerate with the interest in bio-fuels. Hence, there is already and will continue to be an increased interest and significant investment to expand these sectors. This will result in additional land clearing and consecutive burning, mainly by smallholders but also by investors who hope to escape law enforcement. Agricultural land will continue to be lost to development and this will only be partly replaced by bringing in or opening up new areas. These new areas are generally marginal as almost all fertile land is now being farmed.1Part of the once larger ECIFP, but now consisting of only two projects financed under the ALA.

In the forestry sector, deforestation is continuing due to forests being converted for plantations and smallholder agriculture, but also because of illegal logging. Forest cover is shrinking at an alarming speed with estimates of between 1.5 to 2.5 million hectares being lost yearly in Indonesia. One estimate, published by the Ministry of Environment in 2006, stated that up to 3.5 million hectares were lost in 2005.Reforestation has never reached its targets and is far below the area logged and cleared. The target for 2004 was 500.000 hectares but according to DEPHUT data only 430.000 hectares were replanted. No final data is available for 2005 and 2006.With the continuing reconstruction in Aceh and the need for timber, legal and illegal logging will undoubtedly continue in 2007. This will increase deforestation in Aceh and in the neighbouring North Sumatra province, in particular, parts of the Leuser ecosystem, and with deforestation there will be more burning. The new government, that took over towards the end of 2004 has continuously addressed the issue of illegal logging, while other measures have included seven instructions by the president at the National Fire Fighters Appell in June 2006 to stop fires and haze. In 2005 in Riau, and in 2006 in Kalimantan, declarations were made by a number of ministries but these have not resulted in many improvements. The fire season in 2006 has shown that once again, even with support from the top politicians at national and provincial level there is a big gap between proposals, declarations made, and real commitment with adequate budgets.The unfinished process of decentralization still creates confusion and is responsible for old and traditional structures breaking down or being phased out while many new structures are insufficiently in place or developed. A prime example of this is the missing and non-functional extension services at provincial and district levels. It is extremely difficult to reach large number of farmers without a functioning extension service. A new law was passed at the end of 2006 for the restructuring of extension services, but before any measures reach villages in South Sumatra SSFFMP will be long gone.

1.2 Development context With the democratic election in 2004 to elect parliament and the president, Indonesia made a big leap forward in its democratization process. Starting in 2005, governors and district heads have also been directly elected by the people. Major problems, such as nepotism, corruption, and the weak rule of law have received greater attention in the media, and transparency has increased. However, there is still a long way to go before significant changes will result in a better and more efficient government guided by appropriate laws and enforcement. By the end of 2006 the press regularly carried articles about large sections of the population being disillusioned with the achievements made to reduce corruption and illegal logging. Nevertheless, there are also voices claiming positive impacts that are visible with law enforcement in the forestry sector and reduced corruption within the establishment because of fears of being caught and sentenced (see article in The Jakarta Post from 23.1.2007 “Signs of growing justice in forest business”).

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Since 1999, the new laws in the forestry and environmental sector have not yet left their mark in how the environment and the forest sector is managed and protected. Even where laws have been quite detailed and instructions been given priority, the problem is still effective implementation and enforcement. It has to be seen if new government regulations in 2007 will change this.Many donors have now left the forestry sector or did not renew their former projects and programmes. One contributing factor being the very slow rate of improvements and implementation, and the low impacts that have been achieved. This trend is most likely to continue. Early in 2006 at a workshop about 20 years of capitalization of experiences, only the World Bank indicated any interest in making future investments in the forestry sector. The Draft Strategy of the WB is out now and it has to be seen how stakeholders react and shape their plans accordingly. Only by significant investment will pressure be put on the plantation sector to stop forest land being converted.SSFFMP working under these situations since the start of 2003, has adapted as far as possible to the decentralized government, supports the development of new structures at provincial and district level, and has a multi-stakeholder approach to reduce the total dependence on government structures. Most major stakeholders in the forest sector are addressed freely and these include the private sector and non-governmental institutions. Experience so far shows that although the problems are acknowledged, action taken by the government is too slow for short project cycles to have a major impact during implementation.

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1.3 Expected results of SSFFMP 1.3.1 Reduce forest and land fires

1.3.2 Create awareness of the negative impact of fires and highlight environmental issues

To summarize, we could say that SSFFMP supports and assists in the significant reduction in the occurrence of land and forest fires in South Sumatra. This is possible with interventions in various relevant areas that are broken down into manageable components.

A large task for the project lies in raising the awareness of the population to prevent and fight forest fires. For school children, environmental and forest fire issues should be included in the curricula and help in raising awareness and education concerning environmental issues, in particular the damaging effects of land and forest fires. Up to mid 2007, SSFFMP managed a number of awareness campaigns using a vast array of media and has substantially expanded environmental education in targeted schools. Government education institutions at province and district level are working along with SSFFMP, but have to increase their contribution to reach a larger percentage of students. To increase awareness of environmental issues and in particular of the negative impact forest and land fires, SSFFMP has put particular emphasis on the dissemination of information to the public. In 2006 alone, SSFFMP participated in

three exhibitions together with other EU projects at the Environmental Exhibition in Jakarta and at two local events in South Sumatra. In June 2007, SSFFMP again with other EU supported projects, continued to foster awareness during the National Environmental Exhibition in Jakarta with the joint stand receiving recognition for outstanding displays and appearance.

Capacity development is an overarching activity in all project components and approaches. Capacity and competence of institutions and individuals has been further raised to develop effective institutional management and command structures to prevent and fight large-scale fires from provincial to district level, and further down to village level. To fight fires, equipment and tools were required for areas in which the fires might occur as well as people trained in using the equipment and in providing safety and security services. By mid 2007, SSFFMP had trained thousands of individuals from decision makers down to village fire crewmembers. Substantial capacity increases can be observed at provincial, district, subdistrict and village level. In February 2007, refresher training and requests for training from Manggala Agni, various companies and the Sembilang National Park were finalized for June. The aim being to substantially increase capacity, fill gaps and to accommodate new developments - in particular to further consolidate competence and future sustainability.

Focusing on the prevention of fires involves the necessity of good land use planning and resource management, including and involving all major stakeholders. Furthermore the supply of data and information to government and the private sector is of importance. Civil society and non-governmental institutions play an important role in shifting public opinion, lobbying for the environment and in monitoring and highlighting bad practices. With an NGO Consortium established and a Forum for environmental education formed the basis is prepared for continuous monitoring and lobbying by civil society. Data sets and thematic maps have been distributed to decision makers and responsible staff at institutions, NGOs and participating village communities. In particular the Fire Information system has added components to enhance the decision makers’ capacity to base their decisions on facts and background data. Many of the products were in high demand during the 2006 fire season. Decision makers, institutions, NGOs, professionals and the press appreciated the sound and objective materials.

Gender integration and gender sensitive project implementation have been cross cutting issues during the years as a more balanced development opens up additional potentials and strengthens consolidation and sustainability.Within the gender component a number of measures and assignments lead to strengthened gender cum village motivators and to a reduction of resistance towards gender approaches by many stakeholders. With a better understanding it

1.3.3 Create substantial capacity and increase competence in relevant government institutions, the private sector and with NGOs

1.3.4 Provide information for fire prevention by multi stakeholders with NGO involvement from the beginning

1.3.5 Work towards equitable development and gender integration

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1.4 Methodology and Approach The overall goal focusses on sustainable management of natural resources in Indonesia and includes fire prevention and control, not only for forests but also for agricultural and plantation land. SSFFMP, through it’s various project components, is making a significant contribution to the improvement of the management of fire prone areas. However this directly depends on the emergence and establishment of better framework conditions and joint development measures from a number of stakeholders. The new government, cabinet, and Minister for Forestry, all of whom started in 2004 were decisive factors in shaping better policies and strategies. After three years in power the initial high hopes for the natural resource sector, including forestry, have not matrialized significantly. More public awareness to keep up pressure and further steps are required to address the problems. In the meantime deforestation, illegal logging and corruption continue at a high rate. Hence, project methodology and approach are as valid today as they were at the start of the project. Overall goal:Establish a system for the rational and sustainable management of the country’s land and forest resources.Project purpose:Aid and facilitate the establishment of a coordinated system of fire management at province, district and sub district and village level throughout South Sumatra province in which all involved stakeholders, including the private sector, work together to reduce the negative impact of fire on the natural and social environment.

now makes sense for many to pay more attention to gender issues and roles. However, one has to be aware that the battle is not yet won and needs constant attention and support. Comparing alternative income generation activities in priority villages, women groups seem to be ahead of other groups, which might be a direct consequence of the motivators in these villages, who at the beginning concentrated just on gender issues. In 2006 with the establishment of the Women’s Empowerment Office (BPP) mainstreaming for institutions was the major tasks and help to build up capacity and competence at BPP and district PKKs. This continued well into 2007.

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1.5 Plan of Activities In order to achieve the project purpose, a number of results and outputs must be delivered. For each single result the Annual Work Plans included the activity, sub-activities, indicators, and means of verification, responsibility, assumptions and remarks. Human and financial resources were estimated and summarized for all results and activities. The logical framework planning method was used throughout and a vertical logic is applied.Whenever possible the project developed Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound indicators (SMART) to ease monitoring and evaluation. The planned and implemented activities correspond to the Financial Agreement and to the contract signed with the Consortium. Major activity numbers were not changed; however amendments for additional activities were made and are listed with separate numbers. Hence, it is possible to refer back to existing documents.The gender component was the first component to start with expanding monitoring of results and activities to impact monitoring. In early 2006 consultants supported SSFFMP to introduce impact monitoring, to train staff and counterparts and to identify the need for data and information. As a further step indicators were developed and integrated into the overall project planning matrix. As impact monitoring was new to all of the stakeholders it was decided to select the community development, the land use, and the gender component to start with impact monitoring. A detailed impact monitoring concept, available at SSFFMP, contains a description of activities, info and data, and the budget required to conduct impact monitoring. A learning together approach was taken and continued with additional assistance from experienced short-term experts.

1.6 Project Location and Selection of Priority Districts The project is based in South Sumatra province, where from 1995 until 2001 the Forest Fire Prevention and Control Project was active under a centralistic structure and system. A bridging phase was implemented from 2000 until 2001; however the bridging phase was not long enough to lead into the new SSFFMP, which finally started in January 2003 under a decentralised structure and government system.Reasons for choosing South Sumatra province were manifold, among them the large fire prone areas, the major contribution to the haze occurrence due to smoke from peat fires, the proximity of neighbouring countries that are first affected by the smoke haze, the rapid conversion from forest to plantation and smallholder agriculture, and the fact that other projects were already active in Kalimantan and on a national level.As human and financial resources limited the capacity of the project, criteria were developed to select priority districts. First, criteria were made available at the launching and planning workshop from 19th to 20th March 2003 and discussed with participants. At the second Planning Workshop in early December 2003 and the

third Planning Workshop in September 2004, the three priority districts selected were confirmed. The Midterm Review Team suggested intensifying and consolidating certain activities instead to multiply and continue to disseminate to additional locations. AWP IV planning paid sufficient attention to this and reduced selected measures at priority district level. Hence no new locations were incorporated into SSFFMP project implementation.AWP V continued the policy of not starting new activities in new areas, but to focus, consolidate and transfer already existing experiences and products to the relevant stakeholders.

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1.7 Project Phases and TA Team Phasing In The project was divided into a number of phases, which are:1. Inception phase 3 months 2. In depth diagnosis and design phase 24 months3. Formalization and Integration phase 18 months4. Handing over and dissemination phase 12 monthsThe international team arrived on 16th January in Jakarta and was joined by the first two local experts. The team started in Palembang, South Sumatra on 20th January 2003. At the end of 2003 the team was complete according to plan and consisted of 6 national experts and three international experts. Throughout AWP I-IV the full team was assisting the Indonesian stakeholders to make contributions towards project results and project purpose. AWP V implementation has a reduced TA team towards the end of 2007 according to the Financial Agreement and budgets available.

1.8 Planning and implementation according to annual work plans AWP I to AWP V Taking a chronological approach to looking at the AWPs, we can identify a clear focus and priority setting for each.The first AWP I period focussed on the set up of the infrastructure and the implementation team, and on participative project socialisation and planning. Analysis of stakeholders and problems was initiated. Concepts for Multistakeholder Forums and respective working groups were developed for districts.Towards the end of 2003, infrastructure, the capacity of the stakeholders and the team had progressed well.The second AWP II continued with analysis and proper design of implementation, giving a certain priority to activity implementation in the selected districts and villages in South Sumatra. During AWP II three major activity areas progressed substantially. These were: The final set up and operationalisation of the Multi-Stakeholder-Fora and their respective Working Groups, the implementation of community development modules and participative village planning, and the large scale establishment and training of fire crews in selected villages of the priority districts and in some other villages of the whole province of South Sumatra. The AWP also included industrial extension activities which were targeted to identify local small companies to produce fire suppression equipment to a high standard. Tools and equipment were selected to start production.

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AWP III continued with enlarged activity implementation, an increased number of stakeholders, capacity development at institutions, increasing awareness with society and village communities, widening community development activities in the three priority districts and increasing fire prevention and fire fighting capacities, mainly in the three priority districts. In particular the following elements and components were pursued.- Second expansion of the implementation of community development modules

and participative village planning- Third wave of planning and establishment and training of fire crews in villages

of the priority districts selected by MSF and in other villages of the whole province of South Sumatra

- Consolidation of gender mainstreaming and competence building for village motivators and future gender training pool

- Tailor-made professional human resource development with decision makers and technical managers for fire management in Australia

- Development, production and distribution of Fire Threat Maps and information and the establishment of Fire Information Structures in selected priority districts

- Further dialogue, discussions, comparisons and lobbying for a future FM structure with the assistance of short-term experts and local decision makers and stakeholders provided a first version of an organizational landscape to take over tasks and functions

- Continuous lobbying of all relevant stakeholders to increase their commitment and responsibilities in particular to increase financial and personnel contribution

- Establishment of a library for collecting, searching and exchanging information and experiences at national and international level

- Close coordination and cooperation with the MoF for the future establishment of their Manggala Agni Fire Brigade concept and implementation for South Sumatra

AWP IV shifted focus from large scale implementation to consolidation and sustainability enhancement. During the planning for AWP IV each activity was coded to make sure these aspects received sufficient attention. The following major activity areas were covered:- First steps were taken to start with impact monitoring for the gender, land use

and community development components. Counterparts and staff received a basic training and provided inputs for the development of impact chains. A number of village focus groups gave insight and delivered necessary data and recommendations.

- Village development modules were consolidated and a number of them expanded significantly their activities, in particular intensified rice agriculture showed an increase in areas of production, yields, and additional farmer groups joining. The attention of the Bupati Banyuasin at the Harvest Festival in Muara Telang was a highlight. The area there increased from around 20 ha to over 200 ha, which brought a large amount of additional income to participating farmer groups. The visit of the Bupati also was an opportunity to show project

impact and to motivate government and non government institutions to continue with successful village module components as well as giving the communities some pride to show their achievements.

- Fire prevention and suppression capacity moved further ahead with the organization and implementation of the National Fire Fighting Appell. The President of the Republic, a number of ministers and governors and many more high officials and representatives from the private and non government sectors were in attendance. The Appell gave a very big boost for the cause of fire management in Indonesia and excellent media coverage to widen awareness of fire issues in Indonesia and the region. The instructions of the President are attached in the Annex.

- Cooperation and Coordination for the Fire Information system was strengthened with LAPAN and BMG. A comprehensive range of products was finalized and has been made available to decision makers (e.g. maps, weather data, etc). Current emphasis is to further improve data quality and ease of updating existing components and maps. Officials and managers can now base their decisions on facts and information and not on estimates and subjective interpretations. Since the end of 2005, BMG with the support of the project publishes a monthly weather record and prediction magazine.

- The Gender component and gender mainstreaming were closely linked to working with the newly established Women Development Bureau at province and district levels. Gender issues have reached a wider scope in many institutions. Nevertheless experience shows there is still a long way to go to further increase and implant gender concerns in the government and private sector. Culture and tradition allow only a gradual improvement to further promote gender equality.

- A positive development in the plantation sector was taken up by SSFFMP and at an early stage a number of discussions took place with the Directorate for the Plantation Sector in the Ministry of Agriculture. Inputs were provided, presentations made and experiences exchanged to assist them to strengthen fire management capacities in the plantation sector. The project took the role of a broker to support coordination, standardization and to speed up implementation.

- Together with the other EU projects in the natural resource sector, SSFFMP participated again in the Jakarta Environmental Exhibition. The common exhibition booth received a prize. Here the new FLEGT project has to receive thanks for the coordination and provision of the main budget. After the Jakarta exhibition SSFFMP also took part in the Sriwijaya Expo and had an exhibition booth at the National Fire Drill Appell in 2006.

The fifth and final AWP for the year 2007 has a clear exit strategy and approach with activities planned and implemented for:- consolidation of measures and modules developed- finalization of started activities- filling identified gaps not yet closed- handing over and transfer remaining tasks- closing and exiting from SSFFMP.With a focus on these exit strategy components SSFFMP has achieved a high degree of sustainability and in some cases even a further expansion driven by

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motivation and success during earlier implementation, e.g. agricultural production modules and technologies for increased production and income reducing the occurrence of fires.Beside these larger activity areas, each past AWP had a multitude of smaller activities and measures to enhance and safeguard achieved results and to work constantly on the challenge of sustainability. At the same time windows of opportunity were taken up and integrated.Concerning the EU and the GoI budget and its disbursement additional data on GoI provision and expenditure are available. Counterpart funds for the project phase derived from a number of sources. National, Provincial and District Counterpart funds were available to support SSFFMP activities and respective stakeholders. Annex Table I shows contributions from province and district sources towards fulfilment of obligations mentioned in the FA. Concerning the Manggala Agni set up for fire management and fire fighting of the executive agency (MoF), which started in 2005 and was nearly completed in 2006, requirements were far exceeded in 2006 and 2007. Even though the contributions might exceed the requirements, the Project Management always continued to lobby for further increased contributions and commitments from stakeholders. The build up of an effective and efficient fire management system will require for many more years to come substantial budget allocations, hence the intense lobbying.Now with more than 55 months of project implementation, SSFFMP has achieved considerable results and outputs. This was only possible together with all stakeholders’ good will, co-operation and co-ordination between them. Stakeholders together with the Project core team have been striving very hard each day to reach or exceed the ambitious goals and respective indicators. On top of that, the project has even started with impact monitoring and evaluation for three selected components. The project management and staff are confident that up to the end to 2007 SSFFMP will have had a considerable positive impact on reducing forest and land fires and will have contributed substantially to a better understanding, increased awareness and an expansion of knowledge and skills, not only in priority districts and South Sumatra, but in certain aspects to national and international institutions and organizations.

1.9 Monitoring, Evaluation and Audit Monitoring of activities and budgets took place according to the log frame and assigned indicators. A team of short-term consultants, together with stakeholders and PMU improved the basic Monitoring and Evaluation system in 2003. Quite a number of these improved M&E elements were adopted and implemented. In October 2003, there was the first M&E team at the project to investigate and analyze the performance to date. In August 2004 a Delegation Mission visited the project and assessed administration, management and implementation. Some inputs and suggestions were made to further increase efficiency and effectiveness and to comply with rules and regulations. The overall judgment was favorable.

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In October 2004, the second Monitoring Mission was conducted, which showed the project was well managed, aware of the risks and flexible enough to respond to changes. An overall assessment of “b” was given which is above average for EU projects in Indonesia.The financial audit was tendered in 2004. The PMU and the Finance and Contract Section put great effort into the tender specification and ToR. By tendering for the whole project phase and with the opportunity for Indonesian audit companies to join the tender, the tender was successful. So far years 2003 and 2004 were audited during March until June 2005. In January 2006 the audit for the year 2005 was finalized and audit for the financial 2006 was completed in early 2007. In August 2005 the project received the midterm review team. Three team members with a background in forestry and related issues conducted the review. Discussions with stakeholders from village up to Ministry level took place. Major recommendations of the team were:The project should continue to integrate, intensify and consolidate activities and respective achievements. This would require partly to downsize / reduce activities and to outsource certain task and functions even earlier.AWP IV gave full attention to these issues and during planning activities received criteria codes to demonstrate where the focus was. Criteria were: Integration, Intensification, Dissemination, Consolidation, Partnership and Sustainability. By giving sufficient consideration during the AWP IV participatory planning process to these criteria, a clear trend was established that activities aim towards consolidation and sustainability.Monitoring of AWPs was usually made twice a year together with counterparts and stakeholders. Internally each TA monitored activities and budgets throughout the years of implementation. The roadmaps of each TA provided the overall guideline and framework.Further inputs on project monitoring are expected from the impact monitoring team towards the end of July 2007 and from external monitors in late 2007.

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2. MAIN RESULTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE A brief overview of achievements to date is listed below; more detailed descriptions are arranged according to project components:• Coordination body established for an integrated fire management system

(PUSDALKARHUTLAH)• Governors decree and district decrees on the system and components of it• Local provincial law on forest and land fires in place until end of 2007• Examples of village law governing forest and land fires finalized in two villages• 13 priority villages with community development and alternative income

modules and with constantly increasing numbers of groups and participants• 2 villages with completed border marking and appropriate land use examples• 15 competent village facilitators / motivators at village level working in various

functions• More than 202 fire fighting teams with over 2.500 fire fighters with equipment

throughout the province, with priority for three districts• 18 POSKOS established, equipped and staff trained in the most fire prone sub

districts• ToT for sustainability in the area of fire managers and trainers, gender,

household economy, extension and environmental education• Environmental education modules at selected schools with trained teachers for

proper application and use• Fire off and fire on season awareness campaigns and programmes with

relevant promotion material in all important media formats• Over 90 PM of local and international expertise implemented and results

disseminated to stakeholders• Comparative studies with key persons and decision makers at all levels of

government among them for law, policy and strategy, community development, gender, alternative income generation, NGO management, etc.

• Dozens of surveys and data compilation (village, peat, scenarios, awareness)• Advanced GIS / FIS concept and components together with local and national

stakeholders like LAPAN, BMG, Bakosurtanal and BPPT.• Massive capacity development with more as 200 events for training,

workshops, seminars and stakeholder meetings with over 10.000 participants.• Constant dialogue and information exchange with a large number of relevant

stakeholders from International down to village level• Significant contributions to increase the knowledge, skills and science on fire

management at all levels• Appropriate fire equipment production in Indonesia with focus on South

Sumatra.

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2.1 Component results and achievements2.1.1 Policy and institution building

This policy advocacy component aimed to provide policy input to district, provincial, national and regional levels, based on project experience, in establishing rational and sustainable management systems for the country’s land and forest resources, incorporating a decentralized mechanism involving all concerned stakeholders. For the first time such a structure PUSDARKARHUTLAH was implemented with stakeholders in the second half of 2005 based on a decree by the Governor. The PCC meeting in December 2005 confirmed its use and was in agreement to further fine tune the system with a new decree from the Governor. Steps were taken to initiate the process for the new decree. The new SK was signed by the governor in April 2006.

Beside fire management issues to be raised at higher decision making levels, it is important to advocate sustainable natural resources management strategies at all levels. SSFFMP therefore targeted and lobbied more and more members of local and provincial parliaments to gain support when budgets and laws are discussed. In early 2006 the opportunity was taken to intensify lobbying at the Monitoring AWP III workshop. Assistant II, Kepala Dinas Kehutanan and Kepala Perkebunan were present. Consequently a number of activities were implemented together with the institutions. In June and July 2006 at the National Fire Drill and at a specific meeting at the local parliament with all provincial decision makers SSFFMP was permanently present and visible. Information kits were distributed and presentations made by key staff and stakeholders. In particular Fire Information System products like maps, satellite images and hotspot data got high attention as they are an excellent tool for visualization. Set up meetings and frequency increased throughout 2006 and the first half of 2007.An excellent platform for cooperation was established with the Directorate for Plantation Protection at the Ministry of Agriculture which has started to give more attention to the plantation sector. In 2007 a new law (UU No 18 / 2004) took effect demanding zero burning and the establishment of fire prevention and fire suppression capacity in the plantation sector. First socialization and monitoring

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workshops have already been implemented late 2005 and early 2006 with support from SSFFMP. SSFFMP has also presented its approach, achievements and future challenges in a meeting at the Ministry in Jakarta in April 2006. SSFFMP followed up and strengthened further the cooperation and provided support according to facilities available. The fire management master plan was therefore extended to include Perkebunan.Over the years SSFFMP became a well known partner and stakeholder at national and international level at workshops, seminars and meetings. Frequently project staff and our major stakeholders provided our experience, hinted at problems and challenges. One of the highlights have been the ASEAN Haze Agreement meetings which are usually conducted twice a year at rotating ASEAN member countries. For example one of the meetings in the first half of 2006 was held in Central Kalimantan. SSFFMP used the opportunity for a continuous dialogue with present representatives and provided input on the status of fire management activities in South Sumatra and extended an invitation to support a forthcoming meeting of the ASEAN Panel of Experts. Together with the ASEAN Secretariat a very successful meeting and field trips took place in March 2007.A significant step forward was made by SSFFMP and its partners with the first village law drafting process which was finalised in June 2006. By now two samples are established which allow local institutions to duplicate and expand village laws to other fire prone areas by following legal procedures and with participation of the community. Parallel to this, the drafting of a provincial law moved far ahead. Most law inputs were provided in 2006 and early 2007 by contracted NGOs and forest law experts. The environmental agency was entrusted to be the leading agency; however care was given to consult important stakeholders. The law is at present in final re-drafting stage to be discussed at the provincial parliament. A further but not final step in 2007 will be the socialisation of the law and to strengthen law enforcement agencies in its application.

Fire monitoring based on remote sensing information is becoming a day to day task within a number of stakeholder institutions. Capacities have been improved in terms of human resources, techniques and equipment. Especially in district level, they are no longer dependent on provincial agencies in acquiring hotspot information. With a series of booklets and training SSFFMP provided many opportunities to a wide range of interested institutions and individuals.

2.1.2 Fire monitoring and information system

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Fire Early Warning System has been established in cooperation with the meteorological service at province level (BMG), which is responsible for weather monitoring. The information on fire danger level is distributed to relevant stakeholders via the published Cuaca dan Api monthly bulletin. Moreover, at district level, the development of such systems was conducted in parallel. Therefore, integration of data from districts in 2007 was a valuable input for spatial fire danger rating system for the whole province. Fire Risk Mapping is already done with different levels of complexity. A fire danger map was produced to give general orientation on where fire prone areas exist in the province. This is useful for high level decision makers, as the information is simple and easily interpreted. A more complex Fire Threat Analysis was developed to provide detail information on the risk of ignition zone, potential fire behaviour map, value at risk map and fire suppression capability map. Those maps are important tools for strategic planning for fire prevention and suppression activities in the field level. Activities for the socialization to broader stakeholders of how to use the product were emphasized in 2006 planning and were implemented in 2007.Distribution of fire information increased year by year and has highly improved at national, provincial and even at some districts. Internet access is no longer a big constraint for collecting fire data at the various levels. Even the public can easily get the processed information from the fire information centers at province and district level. Reporters and journalists are the most frequent stakeholders in receiving that information. Thus public and government awareness was created and expanded, in particular many institutions, NGOs, companies and individuals are now able to receive up to date information related to land and forest fires.Inter agency cooperation is essential and an important aspect in order to minimize the impact of forest and land fires. The fire problems are not a sectoral matter, and thus should be handled by all relevant stakeholders. In the fire information section, cooperation had been initiated from the beginning among the forest services, the meteorological service, the agricultural service, the environmental impact monitoring agency and also with the space agency at national level. Those agencies started to contribute in providing fire and haze-related information and are the backbone for future dissemination and further FIS services.

Since 2003, SSFFMP intensively started to introduce and distribute environmental education material either through various media or events like environmental education summits and visits to schools. In consecutive years and particularly in 2006, the focus was on how to use the environmental education module “Desa Ilalang" more intensively in elementary schools. To increase effectiveness of implementation in schools, SSFFMP conducted training for teachers and gave technical assistance. Monitoring has shown that participating schools and teachers had high motivation and commitment.A second major aim to increase awareness and to enhance capacity was directed at extension services and the media. Among important stakeholders were local extension officers, village motivators, local religious representatives, and local community radio broadcasters. Participants had the opportunity to attend a social marketing seminar for extension. A key element for participants was to produce

2.1.3 Awareness and Training

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their own media material. This resulted in posters, religious lectures, radio spots and even an environmental song. Some of the developed media material was used in 2006 activities. A second push to increase awareness and media coverage was an intensive dialogue and frequent communication with the media representatives (Press, TV, Radio, NGOs) from national level down to local level. SSFFMP established itself as a trustworthy and competent authority regarding fire management.

A significant increase in media coverage in 2006 and 2007 has been the result of actions taken by the project. All stakeholders have by now a large number of media samples/ products, and can generate their own materials.

A number of major activity areas and results are grouped under this heading; details of achievements are given below:Conflict Management: Conflicts & competing claims between local communities, companies and government over land and resources in OKI District were analysed and documented and evaluated with the parties involved. An approach with a list of steps & actions to improve the situation was recommended and the implementation of activities such as meetings and workshops in support of that approach supported. The project, as an observer / outsider, focused its involvement on capacity building, skills training, introduction of communication techniques etc. To reduce conflicts in selected areas attention was given to develop examples of clearly established legal borders with all relevant institutions and stakeholders. Two complete samples and respective products were finalized in 2006 and 2007. Institutional Development: The project started with a multi stakeholder approach from the beginning. During implementation it was realized that additional players should be taken in to further optimize and enhance a fire management system. At the end of the project phase not one major stakeholder was left out. Annex 3.2 displays this large array of stakeholders. It is evident from project results and other inputs that under a decentralized and complex framework each stakeholder has to play its part. A too narrow focus would be detrimental.Not only major stakeholders received assistance to develop and built up institutional capacity, but also stakeholders who could make additional contributions and safeguard sustainability beyond the short term, for the medium and long-term establishment and operationalization of an integrated fire management system.

2.1.4 Natural resource management / land use planning

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Hence the local University / UNSRI received support for an envisioned fire management Cell / Centre within the postgraduate programme. Support consisted of equipment transfers, engagement of senior teaching staff and postgraduate students in training and surveys and contracts; hosting joint activities and seminars and the establishment of an arboretum in order that future students can learn about biodiversity and indigenous flora and fauna. The Center has already started to function as a clearing house, research center, and disseminator of information and project results. This shall continue after closure of the project. Spatial Database & Capacity Building: A collective spatial database was developed in OKI District, shared among government agencies creating or using spatial information. Following up on previous workshops, training and facilitation by the project, OKI District has now been granted financial and technical assistance by Bakosutarnal to further develop their Spatial Data Infrastructure. Nevertheless for consolidation the project has provided ongoing additional support in training, data acquisition, equipment and dissemination of approach and information. The capacity building by the project was synchronized by capacity building by the district itself, to achieve maximum benefit and progress. Similarly, the project had been assisting the province and the 2 other priority districts to develop a similar outlook, situation and capacity.Land Use Scenarios: Land cover maps of the project were made and updated with more ground check data and field surveys, further outlining peat lands, sonor land use areas and other types of land use and land cover. These more detailed maps are supporting stakeholders in their information base and planning. GIS capacities at district and province institutions were continuously improved through direct guidance and training. Capacity building in OKI was coordinated with Bappeda and thus made complementary to the large capacity building program in OKI funded by an ADB loan.Land use scenarios covering the three priority districts were developed, focussing on land suitability, land sensitivity (peat domes and environmental impacts), and land productivity. These scenarios were discussed / communicated with relevant stakeholders to further develop the scenarios and aimed at achieving support and commitment and active involvement of relevant stakeholders in developing and implementing a scenario.Peat land research and studies: Peat domes and peat lands in the province area have been analysed and mapped. Large sample areas were surveyed and drilling took place to collect data on actual peat depth. Consequently, a peat dome model was prepared and developed to be able to estimate carbon storage within peat domes and a total estimate for the province. In 2007 a national workshop was arranged and results presented to a wide audience, including the government, private sector and civil society.Furthermore, in MUBA district, parts of the peat swamp ecosystem have been and are being restored by closing some canals, allowing water levels to return to normal and stop peat drying, carbon release and subsidence. This was being done in cooperation with Wetland International and local NGOs.Participatory Planning & Management: The management issues of state forest land were analysed together with the Forest Service and an initiative to establish

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Production Forest Management Units supported. These Units intend to work with local communities that have established themselves on state forest land to manage the state forest land, with the aim of returning a tree-based cover. Models to be developed and applied come from social forestry and agro forestry.

Fire Impact Monitoring: The what and how of fire impact monitoring was analysed in detail, to determine what impacts can be feasibly monitored at province/district level. Capacity building needs were identified in line with this fire impact monitoring. The project support selected capacity development components and worked together with institutions.A regional government regulation (PERDA) on fire impact monitoring and control was drafted together with a government team and legal experts. The draft went through various screening steps and was evaluated and adjusted through a public consultation process. It is in the final process of being discussed and approved in Parliament.Capacity to specifically monitor smoke and haze & air quality was supported at Bapedalda and furthermore BMG and the Center for Fire Management at UNSRI university, comprising delivering several equipment, formal training and coaching during application.

Basic establishment and continued improvement of the fire management capacity has been successfully completed with villages, Manggala Agni, institutions, companies (e.g. recommendations and training for 2 industrial plantations (PT. SBA Wood Industries & PT. Musi Hutan Persada) and 1 estate crops (PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra), NGOs and even with the police. In addition, training in fire management and equipment maintenance has been provided not only to the provincial forestry and estate crops services but also in a number of fire prone provinces in Sumatra and Kalimantan and for selected National Parks (Sembilang, Manupeu-Tanah Daru).

2.1.5 Fire prevention and suppression

At the time of reporting fire crews from 202 villages (9 districts) have been trained and equipped; 202 sets of hand tools, radios HT and protective gear have been distributed to these local communities. A large number of refresher training in fire and rescue were organized every year for the local fire crews with more than 1200 participants per year.

After the training of 60 trainers (TOT), counterparts and stakeholders’ contributions at national, provincial and local level of these trainers is significant, especially during the training of local communities. More than 100 fire managers from government agencies have been trained and supported to improve Incident Command System (ICS) at stakeholder level and to develop Incident Control Centres (ICCs). Provincial posts of command (Forestry Service) have been improved with new radio communication installation. Radio communication equipment with base station and power supply has been installed in 18 head of sub-district offices within the 3 priority districts. Additionally, these 18 posts of command have been provided with fire maps with a grid system, basic fire equipment, protective gear and high pressure pumps with accessories. Staff received on the job training on how to use equipment and maps. During capacity development attention was given to preventive measures and additionally to first aid, considering that most villages are difficult to access and expert staff difficult to find.The final stakeholder to receive support was the police force after SSFFMP received requests in early 2007. Training and equipment was provided as well as a number of other products like fire risks maps, data on fire crews and locations and how to access fire information sites.

NGOs participation and cooperation in project activities together with related agencies and stakeholders at district and province level (mainly in the areas of capacity building, network extension, guiding and coaching community groups) has reached an outstanding and significant level.How did SSFFMP accomplish this? First the genuine and serious belief that NGOs are very valuable and important stakeholders in the implementation of SSFFMP. Second, that NGOs combined and networked will provide bigger contributions and benefits than single NGOs could achieve. And finally that mutual understanding and support will strengthen all involved parties. A real win-win situation.

2.1.6 Civil society engagement / NGO participation

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The experience gained by NGOs with SSFFMP and its stakeholders has not only generated benefits for them, but also other donors and agencies have reliable partners for implementation of other projects. Some local NGO proposals that have been submitted to related agencies at district and province level were positively reviewed and received financial support from local government at district and province level in South Sumatra. Others were even more successful and have obtained financial support from international donor agencies, e.g. small project facility funds for environmental and natural resource management and for community development and empowerment from UNDP and other donor agencies.Increasing skills and know-how of local NGOs and stakeholders in conflict management and conflict solution was one of the SSFFMP measures. It was targeted to mainly address land and village border conflicts. Local NGOs and stakeholders representatives formed a working group in a priority district and decided to select an actual case study. In a second step a plan of operation in managing and solving the land and village border conflict in priority districts was implemented. Outcomes achieved were therefore greatly a result of the conflict management training received by local NGOs and related stakeholder from 3 priority districts. The training was conducted with cooperation between SSFFMP and Mitra Aksi Foundation from Jambi.

Next to skills and knowledge was the need to increase awareness of local NGOs and stakeholders in managing the environment and relevant pollution sources which have negative impacts on flora and fauna. One of the roles and functions NGOs are able to perform is to monitor the negative environmental impact of society, government and the private sector, including waste disposal in Palembang and South Sumatra. As an example, some of the NGOs have taken up the challenge and arranged a workshop on provincial level to have a dialogue and discuss the pollution issues. The workshop was initiated by Mutiara Madani (NGO consortium member) with the PT Pertamina Persero branch office in Palembang. The seminar cum training was attended by representatives of local NGOs, private companies, government institutions and stakeholders from provincial and district level. A clear demonstration that NGOs and the private sector can work hand in hand. A further example was the corporate responsibility workshop arranged by the NGO Consortium in July 2007 with various companies and the public in OKI District.As a result of these activities and workshops there is now a more common understanding of negative environmental impacts in general and on forest fire and

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haze impacts in particular. Major areas for monitoring negative impacts were forest fires on socio-economic development, aspects of environmental degradation, and effects from air pollution to community health and transportation services. NGOs also play a decisive role in supporting forest fire management at village level. SSFFMP involved therefore to a significant degree NGOs in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of village interventions. In the process the further integration of interventions into available village organizational structures were pursued in order to be more effective, to strengthen ownership, and to further empower stakeholders and self-help organization at village level. A type of watch terminal for local NGO networks on regional and national level has been established. It was initiated by several NGOs from Sumatra and Java, including NGO consortium members. By now, local NGOs are able to exchange information and experience with other NGOs in Sumatra and Java; for example in searching funding agencies and cooperating with national and international donors. The process of strengthening the NGOs network involved the realization of NGOs networking meetings and workshops, covering the Sumatra region in cooperation with Mitra Aksi Foundation, Jambi, and with support by Satunama Foundation from Java on a national level. Four NGO consortium members (WBH, LPHPEM, OWA and Kemasda) were fully involved in guiding community groups, facilitating group dynamics, assisting in elaborating and preparing group work plans, and providing support for income generating alternatives at 13 priority villages in OKI, Muba and Banyuasin districts. It was based on practical on the job training, hands on under difficult situations and at the same time with the aim to increase capacities to speed up the development process for a number of stakeholders.

Much research and many studies on land and forest fires discovered that the underlying causes of the recurrence of land and forest fires in South Sumatra, among others are poverty, low income, and poor knowledge of appropriate agricultural technologies in the villages. During the prolonged dry seasons local villagers try to find additional income (for their living), by using fires as a tool to get access for fishing, practicing ìsonorî paddy cultivation system, burning grass lands for hunting and to get access for further exploitation of resources. Since 2004, guided by a Community Development Road Map in reducing fire occurrences in South Sumatra, in collaboration with BPTP and other stakeholders including NGOs, field level examples were developed for income generating activities at 13 selected villages of 3 priority districts.Chosen field examples of income generating activities implemented in 13 villages were a result of a long process, from social economic studies, participatory rural appraisal, assessment of gender roles, identification of problems encountered, existing traditional farming technologies adopted, village meetings, until finally coming up with an agreed program of activities selected and chosen by the stakeholders. Field examples of income generating programmes and activities developed range from nursing fish in cages / karamba, introduction of appropriate paddy cultivation technologies including post harvest management, provision and

2.1.7 Community development

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training on agricultural machineries, provision and livestock management, integrated farming system, intercropping between rubber plantations etc.

Besides income generation, the programmes and activities also emphasized the importance of farmer groups formation and/or strengthening of its institutions and capacities for self reliance through training, comparative studies and continuous facilitation.Capacity development was high on the agenda and numerous training sessions were conducted, among others on agricultural cultivation management/machinery technology, to become local volunteer extension workers or local livestock healthcare personnel, farmer group management and group dynamics. Comparative studies were conducted to exchange ideas and to understand lessons learnt from success stories which have been acquired by agricultural research agencies stations, private companies as well as by other farmer groups from other village/regions. Agricultural cultivation technology and agro machinery training was coached and facilitated by BPTP and/or other government technical agencies, while gender and farmer group institutional capacity strengthening were facilitated by NGOs. Continuous facilitation by NGOs was a key activity and was conducted monthly until the very end of the present phase. NGOs being involved in facilitation at villages were Yayasan Kemasda, OWA, WBH, LPH-PEM respectively.By now there are success stories from the implementation of the programmes and field examples of income generating activities in reducing fires in respective areas. Nevertheless with some field modules and activities SSFFMP was encountering constraints and problems, these were addressed in the AWP V 2007, including ensuring its sustainability.

Full gender integration at SSFFMP started towards the end of 2003 with the commencement of the Gender specialist. First tasks were to analyse the project environment, to assess the present situation with stakeholders and to identify institutions and NGOs as future partners for the implementation of activities.

2.1.8 Gender as cross cutting issue

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Comparing the status in late 2003 to the present day situation, there is a great improvement in stakeholders at district and provincial level; most of them now understand the basics of Gender Concepts and seem to accept Gender Approaches for implementation of activities (WID, GAD, Mainstreaming, and Budgeting) as an important area of work for their institutions. Women’s participation was secured in almost all SSFFMP project components, except GIS, as stakeholder institutions have no women employed so far, due to specific qualification requirements. The culmination of gender integration was achieved with the SSFFMP Gender Policy which has been available since 2005. All subsequent SSFFMP project documents, in particular AWPs, now contain gender-differentiated indicators. Since the beginning of 2006 additional gender impact indicators were added.For sustainability and increased impact, networking with related government and non government institutions received high attention, in particular with the newly established BPP in 2006 / Women Empowerment Sections, both at provincial and district level. SSFFMP supported the BPPs and involved them in implementation of activities, as, due to their recent establishment, expertise and well trained personnel were scarce.Since 2004, there have been Village Motivators trained and empowered by SSFFMP to assist and facilitate project implementation as well as initiatives from supported groups at the selected priority villages. These motivators started to work together with key persons at village level to mobilize women for community and income groups’ activities, especially in FM and SNRM. Step by step the area of their work was expanded to, not only cover gender issues, but to become village development facilitators.

Regarding WID, there were specific women groups (mat making, VCO, integrated farming systems, and chips production) which were facilitated and supported for productive activities. These groups help to refrain from burning land, as alternative incomes are available and their natural resource needs protection. One of the biggest achievements of the gender component is the significantly increased awareness of gender issues at all stakeholder institutions, with government institutions and the public at large. However gender sensitivity and integration have still a long way to go before a really equitable development is possible in Indonesia.

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2.2 Summary and Conclusions Considering the short time that SSFFMP has had, from early 2003 until the middle of 2007 to start interventions and to implement a multitude of activities, remarkable results and achievements can be observed.All levels and strata of society in South Sumatra are aware of the serious degradation of their environment and in particular of the negative impacts of forest and land fires. This issue is here to stay. Proof of this can be found in the yearly occurring high level meetings from national down to provincial and district levels, and last but not least the presidents clear and strong engagement to try to eradicate the transboundary haze problem. Intensive fire season campaigns and wide coverage from all types of media have placed forest and land fire problems in the mind of people from all walks of life.For the first time in Indonesian history a large capacity for fire prevention and suppression was built up and equipped. Bottom up and top down approaches were applied with a focus on community based fire management and the integration of Manggala Agni into the provincial fire management system. Thus in 2007 there were more than 200 village fire crews and four Manggala Agni Centres in the province. On top of that companies caught up fast to build up their own fire management components, often pressured by a more outspoken civil society and increased government regulations and laws.Coordination and cooperation between stakeholders has increased manifold compared to the time before SSFFMP was active, resulting in the set up of PUSDALKARHUTLAH, a multistakeholder coordination body looking into all aspects of integrated fire management. Under the present framework condition this is a vast step forward. However there is no doubt that a single line agency with its own budget and personnel would be far more effective and efficient in reducing land and forest fires.Capacity development for fire management and related issues made huge strides forward. Over 8000 participants in meetings, seminars, workshops, training and on the job training were familiarized with the latest concepts, policies and strategies for fire management and had ample opportunities to enhance skills and knowledge. Decision makers exchanged their views and experiences with their counterparts in Australia and within the ASEAN community. Technical staff undertook comparative studies within Indonesia and even outside Indonesia. Among the formal and informal training attended were personnel from government, project counterparts, NGOs and the private sector linked to fire management and natural resource management. The province of South Sumatra and Indonesia in general have a far larger pool of expertise than before. The future task is to build on this basis and to expand further the science and expertise for fire management.Certain processes like community development, law drafting and law enforcement, land use planning and allocation, and rehabilitation are long-term processes which need not only a few years but decades for large scale dissemination and implementation. Examples and first hand experience exists, implementation modules were tried out and constantly improved and lessons were learnt. With commitment and required funds there is now the opportunity for many Indonesian

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institutions, NGOs and the private sector to expand on the platform SSFFMP has built up.In a country were democracy and decentralisation are new and where corruption, collusion and nepotism are deeply entrenched SSFFMP has set an outstanding example of participation of the society and transparency not found before. It is with these samples that hope is established and motivation increased to work for a better and healthier environment and a better life for people, particularly from poor rural areas. Which brings us back to some of the main causes for land and forest fires, namely greed and poverty. If these issues are not seriously tackled from all sides it will be difficult to eradicate or to see a substantial reduction in land and forest fires.Looking back in July 2007 to over four and a half years of SSFFMP project life, stakeholders and staff can be proud of the results and achievements made so far and the many positive impacts visible at relevant government institutions, non governmental organisations and with communities and the public at large.Counterparts, supporting staff and the project team thank all relevant stakeholders for their help and support in the past for the SSFFMP project. We also thank Indonesia and the European Union for their trust and the task they have placed on us, to work on and implement activities for such a big and complex challenge, to reduce land and forest fires and to aim towards sustainable natural resource management. May Indonesia and its population look to a brighter future and enjoy the beauty of its natural habitat.

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3. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND ANNEXES3.1 Available Products, Documents and Services

Below are some examples of available products, documents and services in place which are a result of the interventions of SSFFMP. More details can be found in the separate component reports.Policy and strategy- Multistakeholder forum concept- Village laws and regulations- Provincial law draft for fire management- Provincial and district decrees Awareness and capacity development- Fire season campaign materials- Booklets- Hotspot Newsletters- Posters- FilmsFire information system- Manuals for internet use to download information and software use- Fire information system concept- Hotspot data and maps- Fire risk maps- Land cover mapsFire prevention and suppression - Training modules and manuals for village fire crews, fire crew bosses, rescue

and first aid and refresher training- Sets of basic fire tools and equipments- Locally produced high pressure pumpsCommunity based fire management- Village modules for alternative incomes- Manuals for capacity development a village levels (technical and group

formation)- Volunteer village extension workers for agriculture and animal husbandry- Results from comparative studiesSpatial planning and land use- Baseline survey- Village sketch maps, village border maps- Peat distribution and peat dome maps- Compiled digital data

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NGO participation and involvement - NGO consortium charter- Newsletters of consortium- Proposals to donors- Peat management results from MubaGender integration- Gender training manuals (WID, GAD, mainstreaming, budgeting)- Formed women groups- Gender motivator pool- Gender impact monitoring conceptFurther products- Impact chains and impact monitoring results for selected components- Manggala Agni maintenance training module and reports- International and national short term expert findings and report- Surveys and applied research (SSFFMP has a compiled list of all reports and

documents

3.2 SSFFMP StakeholdersNational Institution

Departemen Kehutanan / PertanianBappenasMenteri Negara LHFLB EUBMGLAPAN

District InstitutionDinas KehutananBappeda Bappedalda/Dinas LHDinas PMDHPH/HTI/PerkebunanDinas PerkebunanDinas PertanianLocal CommunitiesKesbanglinmasMUSPIKABKSDA NGO

Other Fire ProjectsASEAN SecretariatIFFM GTZ (UPTD)FFMP2/JICACIFORSEA FDRSICRAF

Provincial InstitutionDinas KehutananBaKesbanglinmasBappedaBappedaldaDinas PertanianBKPH II (BIPHUT)HPH/HTI/PerkebunanDinas PerkebunanBKSDABMG

SSFFMP

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3.3 Project Log frame with indicatorsIntervention LogicOverall Objective

Establish a system for the rational and sustainable management of the country’s land and forest resources based on a decentralized mechanism involving all concerned stakeholders.

Project PurposeAid and facilitate the establishment of a co-coordinated system of fire management at province, district, sub-district, and village levels throughout South Sumatra in which the local communities, private sector companies and government agencies work together to reduce the negative impact of fires on the natural and social environment.

Indicators

! A consolidated FM/SNRM system is introduced to relevant national agencies, by 2007.! Elements of the system are applied on a wider basis after the project end.! Unsustainable land use practices as underlying causes for fires have been reduced where the project is active in South Sumatra, by 2007.

! At least 3 agreements on fire management signed between Province and Districts and at least 3 agreements among the stakeholders at each level, by 2007.! Improved land-use planning policy by BAPPEDA supported, developed and implemented by 2007.! In minimum, 60 % of staff of three stakeholders at Province and District level trained apply their skills and knowledge, by 2007.! The system is functioning and operational in South Sumatra province and the priority districts, by 2007.

Impact indicators for project components CD indicatorso Reduced incidence of fires (in combination with other project components)o Income of supported group increased, on a yearly basis at least (20%)LUP indicators o Increased matching of Land Use types with land use suitabilityo Reduced incidence of fires (in combination With CD, FIS)

Means of Verification

! Description of the system! List of recipients! List of elements applied! Comprehensive study on land use practices

! Agreements between stakeholders at province and district level ! Recommendations on land use planning from BAPPEDA! Training impact analysis! System description! System evaluation (e.g. exercise) ! Final report of the project! Impact studies! System documents, implementation! plans, road map

! Questionaires from CD Workshop in 2006! Village sketch map 2007! Secondary data/BPTP survey in April 2007

! Second village sketch map in early 2007 & comparison with map from 2003! Change in Agricultural land from statistics of Pertanian (BPS)! Trend analysis with groups from at least 3 villages

Assumptions

! The Central, Provincial and District Governments willing to involve all stakeholders, including local communities and NGOs in addressing the underlying causes of forest fire.! The Provincial and District Government willing to effect legislation and policies towards the establishment of coordinated system of fire management and solving environmental entitlement! Conflicts based on recommendations made by the project.! Districts willing to co-operate with each other as well as with the Provincial and Central Government on the above legislation (see 1.6 & 2.1)

Risks:! The political climate in Indonesia is highly uncertain. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that the present commitment of the Government to eradicate unsustainable natural resource management will remain high throughout the project life.

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Gender indicators! Participation of women! Gender Motivators apply competence and expand areas of work

! Quality of women participation increased

! Farm household benefit from IGAs! Gender awareness with stakeholder institutions increased! Women contributed to LUP activity! Reduced Incidence of fires (in combination with other project

components)

! List of attendance Gender Workshop results monitoring matrix! Self assessment by questionnaires at meetings! Motivators assess quality, project verifies in two villages per district.! Baselines available studies: village survey report PSW + Consultant! Group accounts! Questionnaires to counterparts and participants of gender activities! Number of women in LUP activity at village level (4 villages in 3 district)! Village sketch maps 2007 assesment from motivators

! Provincial and District Government do not yet fully accept the basic understanding that forest/vegetation fires are caused by unsustainable land-use decisions at large.

ResultsResult 1: Institutional conditions created to allow the implementation of effective fire management.

Indicators! Capacity created by training conducted (10 training sessions and 300 training participants). At least 10% women participants are included in the training! Multi-stakeholder forums established at the Priority Districts meet at least once a year including women stakeholders.! Fire Management systems are introduced at village level, and supported by sub-district level, in at least 190 villages, by 2007. Village level training should include women participants

Means of Verification! Training list differentiated according to gender! List of supportive agencies, NGOs, private companies and community leaders ! Meeting reports of MSF (Attendance list specify male and female participants)! Local documents on FM! Request documents of clients (villagers to SSFFMP-supported institutions). Request documents are gender differentiated ! TUPOKSI (institutional mandate) re. FM of the afore-mentioned stakeholders

Assumptions! Related Agencies, NGOs and other stakeholders willing to collaborate, support and participate! Socio-economic, environmental conditions and other related data available

2003 2004 2005 2006 200775 150 180 190

! Communities of 13 villages involved in project activities request more assistance/services from government agencies supported by the project as before the project’s intervention. The requests to the government cover needs of men and women ! Responsibilities, operational procedures and tasks for FM are clearly assigned to a leading agency at Province and District level, by 2007.

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ResultsResult 2: Stakeholders enabled to organize and apply effective fire management mechanisms in their area.

Result 3: Capacities created and initiatives supported to bring land and natural resources under sustainable management

Indicators! 4 government agencies, 3 private companies and 13 rural communities prepare/implement fire management plans and improve fire management capacity, by 2007.

Means of Verification! Fire management plans from government agencies, private companies and rural communities ! Report on fire management assessment and recommendations! List of trained managers from government agencies and private companies differentiated according to male and female participants! List of trained fire crews and trainers (TOT) from govern-ment agencies, private companies, NGOs and rural communities! Training curricula and materials (handouts) for different levels! Documents on equipment standardization and specifications! List of distributed fire and rescue equipment ! Official receipts from beneficiaries! Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for ICS and ICCs ! Established ICS and ICCs with operational exercises at least once per year

! Instructions/regulations on natural resource management from the different levels! List of BAPPEDA staff involved, who apply computer-based planning tools (e.g. GIS) in their day-to-day tasks! Agreement documents! Recommendations on SNRM! Minutes of Meeting of MSF which show the adoption of recommendations SNRM! Gender sensitive recommendations from 5 villages, forwarded to district level

Assumptions! Governmental institutions, private companies, relevant NGOs and rural communities willing to support and cooperate ! Stake holders have strong commitment on sustainable fire management ! Responsible agencies, designated personnel and basic facilities available

! Related agencies, NGOs and other relevant stakeholders at all levels willing to collaborate, support and participate! Main stakeholders have strong commitment on sustainable natural resource management

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Government - - 1 2 4Company - - 1 2 3Village - - 6 9 13

! 50 fire managers from government agencies and private companies are trained until beginning of 2008, and 190 fire crews and 50 trainers from government agencies, private companies, NGOs and rural communities are trained, by 2007.! 200 locally adapted fire and rescue equipment (40% locally produced) distributed to 200 relevant stakeholders, by 2007. ! The Incident Command System (ICS) and Incident Control Centres (ICCs/Posts of Command) are developed at Province, Priority Districts and sub-districts (total at least 20) , by 2007.

! At least one instruction/regulation on natural resource management including forest and land fires is issued at two different levels (province, district, or village) by 2007.! Minimum a total of four staff of BAPPEDA at District/Province level trained in and apply computer-based planning tools (e.g. GIS) by 2007.! Agreement on standardisation and management of data and data sources for LUP at district level in at least one district by 2007.! The three MSF adopt recommendations on a gender sensitive SNRM by 2007.! Recommendations of village institutions from 3 villages on land use planning, based on the participatory mapping, considering SNRM, are forwarded to relevant authorities in order to be includ-ed in the regional planning, by 2007. In the process of formulating recommen-dations women representatives are included! Communities at 13 villages adopt and further disseminate appropriate tech-nology of field examples on income generating activities that reduce inappropriate use of fire

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ResultsResult 4: Government and non-government organizations supported to establish systems to monitor the impact of improved fire management on the environment and people (gender-issues, livelihood, income, etc.), and the results of the work placed in the public domain.

Result 5: Government agencies (at the national, provincial and district levels) and civil society supported to shape policies and organizational structures in such a way as to promote sustainable natural resources management that includes effective fire management.

Indicators! BMG South Sumatra calculates the drought index daily and, during the dry season, distributes it to the districts and leading agency, by 2006.! Hot spot info from available sources are received at district level and distributed to at least five relevant institutions (incl. private sector) per priority district, at least once per week in the dry season and they are capable to distribute it daily, by 2006.! Fire threat analyses are produced by the institutions appointed by the Pusdalkarhutlah in cooperation with the project, by 2006.! By 2006, NGOs are involved in the development of a system to monitor social and environmental impact which includes gender sensitive indicators! A smoke / air pollution monitor system is established at BAPEDALDA at province level, by 2007.

! Recommendations on policy formulation re. SNRM including effective fire management are developed with government and civil society through discussions and consultations, by 2006.! Recommendations on policy formulation re. SNRM including effective fire management are presented to at least one institution at each level, by 2006.! At least one instruction/regulation on natural resource management including forest and land fires is issued at the different levels (national, province, district [see also indicator 3.1]) by 2007.! A road map for a transfer strategy of FM/SNRM is established in 2006.

Means of Verification! Letter/fax of BMG to SSFFMP, list of letters/fax/internet homepage sent by BMG! Hot spot data! List of recipients of hot spot data! Maps showing the fire threat analysis! System description from BAPEDALDA! List of NGOs involved ! MSF working group proposals which are gender sensitive

! Minutes of meetings, seminar reports, newspaper clippings! Recommendations of SSFFMP forwarded to the stakeholders! Instructions/regulations on natural resource management from the different levels! Six-monthly Progress Report

Assumptions! BAPEDALDA and all related agencies willing to support and collaborate

! Government agencies, NGOs and stakeholders support, willing to collaborate and participate

Note:According to initiated impact monitoring in 2005 for the gender component and with the recommendation of the midterm review team to extend impact monitoring in 2006 a number of indicators were re-formulated and added for allowing impact monitoring of the selected project components.

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3.4 Budgets according to the Financing Agreement and Extension PlanningThe EC contribution of 8,500,000 EURO is broken down as follows

Category Breakdown

1 ServicesEuropean TALocal TAStudiesTraining, capacity building, NGO NetworkingMonitoring evaluation and auditing

2 ProcurementVehicles and Equipment Satellite images

3 InformationEU promotion *

4 Operating CostsLocal personnelOther costs (PMU office and vehicle running costs, local transport, communications, office supplies and per diems, local audit)

5 Contingencies (5%)

TOTAL

EC Contribution (Euro)

5,063,0002,994,000 789,000 325,000 755,000 200,0001,760,0001,660,000 100,000 470,000

740,000 135,000 605,000

467,000

8,500,000

Cost neutralExtension budget

575,000300,000125,00060,00090,000

130.000110,00020,000125,00025,000170,00045,000125,000

5,000

1,005.000

“European TA” and “Monitoring evaluation & auditing” were being managed directly by the European Commission.Local TA was being contracted by the PMU.Local personnel were PMU support staff (e.g. secretaries, accountants, drivers, etc).Training and capacity building included both national and justified international training.Costs related to NGO networking included studies, fieldwork and project support activities such as awareness raising.Contingencies can only be used after written agreement of the Commission.The breakdown of the budget is indicative only and may be adjusted according to needs, subject to prior written agreement between GoI and the Commission.* Allocated for joint activities with other EU supported projects and for I,C&V

3.4.1 Statement of Receipts, Disbursements and Changes in Fund Balance (GoI)The presented table includes the latest information available at mid 2007. Budgets given for allocations under the various AWPs are actual expenditure and estimates (in thousand Euro).Final real expenditure of counterpart funds could so far not be traced from the relevant institutions. Written requests were made on several occasions. Transparency of government budgets and expenditure is still insufficient throughout the stakeholder institutions.

Category Breakdown

1. Office provision2. Transport provision (two cars, per month

5 mill Rupiah each)2. Counterpart provision and salaries (60

months, 12 counterparts = 72 person/month)

3. Specific yearly provincial counterpart budgets

4. National budgetsMoF JakartaBKSDAMangala Agni South Sumatra

5. Banyuasin District*6. OKI District*7. Musi Banyuasin District*

Total with Mangala AgniTotal without Mangala Agni

Annual Plan 1

2412

30

25

5

9696

Total GoI Contribution

14432

160

140

4330

3800770143 48

4.610810

Annual Plan 21

3012

30

25

530

15208

175175

Annual Plan 3

308

35

20

6

2000111310

2133133

Annual Plan 4

30

35

20

10

1500182513

1651151

Annual Plan 5

30

30

50

17

300268517

555255

Notes: * Planned and discussed each year with relevant GoI stakeholders. - Information available indicates that counterpart contributions in cash derive from

three sources, which are national funds through the MoF, provincial funds provided through Dinas Kehutanan and a third source of counterpart budgets is coming from the three priority districts.

- Starting in 2005 the Ministry of Forestry started to install through BKSDA four Mangala Agni Fire Brigade Centres in South Sumatra, of which three are now in the SSFFMP priority districts. Funds to increase fire prevention and fire fighting capacities increased substantially and can be partly seen as a result of project existence and lobbying.

- At the start in January 2003 an exchange rate of 9,000.-Rupiahs per Euro was used for calculations. At the end of December 2004, the Euro exchange rate was roughly 12,000.- Rupiahs per Euro. The exchange rate at the end of December 2005 was affected by the lower Euro and stood around 11,500.-Rupiah per Euro. Early 2006 the Rupiah strengthened against major currencies, however in 2006 an average exchange rate of 11,500 was prevalent.

- For this table an average exchange rate of 10,000.-Rupiah per Euro was applied for all years.

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3.5 Newspaper cutsSigns of growing justice in forest business Jakarta Post, January 23, 2007Charlie Pye-SmithJakartaNo matter where you go in rural Indonesia, you will come across people who have fallen foul of the country’s forest laws. Take what happened in West Lampung, Sumatra, in the mid1990s. In Simpang Sari, the police pulled up the coffee bushes planted by the villagers on state land, and drove them from the forests. And in nearby Dwi Kora, elephants were used to destroy homes and crops on state land, depriving the villagers of shelter and a means of making a living. You will hear similar stories across rural Indonesia. Most date from the Soeharto era, and nowadays the authorities seldom adopt such a heavy- handed approach to law enforcement. However, forest laws still discriminate against the poor, in Indonesia and many other countries. This is one of the key findings of a report published by the Bogor based Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).A series of agreements have recently begun to redefine the way governments tackle illegal logging, and most promote better law enforcement In principle, suggests Marcus Colchester, co-author of Justice in the Forest, this makes sense. Illegal logging accounts for over half the timber harvest in Amazonia, and even more in Indonesia. Illegal logging is leading to massive losses of biodiversity and it deprives governments of billions of dollar of revenue. It also destroys the resources the rural poor need for their survival. But stricter law enforcement on its own, is not necessarily a good thing. “ Our report confirms that this new emphasis on forest law enforcement could have a negative effect on tens of millions of forest- dwellers if existing laws are simply enforced more vigorously,” explains Colchester, In short, the law itself is often the problem. In many countries, forest laws have been framed to favor the commercial and political elites, and they frequently prevent local communities from utilizing forests, which have been in their care for generations. This is precisely what happened in Indonesia when the Basic Forestry Law was passed in 1.967. All of a sudden, the daily subsistence activities of millions of forest-dwellers harvesting wild fruit, collecting firewood, clearing small plots of land to grow rice, became illegal over much of Indonesia. According to Colchester, forest law enforcement initiatives should be guided by a series of principles that ensure that proper attention is paid to the rights of forest-dwelling communities. What is needed in Indonesia is a new natural resource policy, and laws that give greater protection to communities and acknowledge their customary rights to forest land,” suggests Colchester.Over the past few years, Indonesia has made encouraging progress when it comes to reforming forest policy to take greater account of community needs. Some of the credit must go to the Multistakeholder Forestry, Program (MFP), a joint venture between the Government of Indonesia and the UK Department for International Development (DFID). MFP funded processes have encouraged local governments to introduce over 70 new measures that have paved the way for community-based forest management. Among those to benefit have been the once persecuted villagers in Simpang Sari, West Lampung. District forestry officers are now helping the villagers to improve their livelihoods, and a new regulation has given them the right to use state forest land so that “we have a significant degree of security;” explains Wahono, the leader of a local farmers’ group. Secure access to the land, and rights of tenure have enabled many families in Simpang Sari to lift themselves out of poverty. Hundreds of other communities are also benefiting from new local-government regulations that provide them with access to state land. Just as significantly, the central government has acknowledged the need for a radical change in national forest legislation. On Jan. 8, 2007, the President signed a new regulation, Government Regulation No. 6 of 2007, which will provide local communities with a greater say in how state forest land is used, and long-term access to state land. Indeed, the area of state land under community management could rise to 5 million hectares. None of this is to deny that illegal logging remains a major problem in Indonesia, and that the government’s attempts to clamp down on the illegal trade have had mixed results. Major law enforcement operations, such as Operasi Wanalaga, have resulted in thousands of arrests, but the big players, the cukong, have nearly always eluded arrest.

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Nevertheless, there are encouraging signs, in West Kalimantan in particular, that the authorities are adopting a new approach to law enforcement, one that penalizes the timber barons rather than local communities. During the past three years, the illegal timber harvest in West Kalimantan has probably been reduced by 50 percent, largely as a result of an innovative partnership between the Provincial Forestry Office, the Provincial Police and the Kalimantan Anti-Illegal Logging Consortium (KAIL), a civil society network whose illegal logging research has been funded by the Indonesia/UK Memorandum of Understanding on illegal logging. “KAIL have provided us with important intelligence about the activities of many cukong,” explains Police Commissioner Sriyono in Pontianak, “and they have helped us to develop a new approach to forest crime.” The police he says, now have a much better understanding of the key factors that encourage illegal logging. They’ are now targeting corrupt government officials Involved in illegal logging and the cukong, rather than the villagers, who are driven by poverty to do the dirty work of getting illegal timber out of the forests. Reform is in the air now, and the central government, and some local governments, finally recognize the need for justice in the forest. The writer is a freelance writer specializing in development issues

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President instruction to curb forest and land fires from 2006Tujuh Instruksi Presiden untuk Menghentikan Kebakaran Hutan dan LahanNews: Mon, 19-Jun-2006 10:08 WIBDalam Apel Siaga Api Nasional yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 17 Juni 2006 di Gelora Sriwijaya, Jaka Baring, Palembang. Presiden RI, Susilo Bambang Yudoyono mengeluarkan 7 (tujuh) instruksi Presiden RI untuk menghentikan kebakaran hutan dan lahan, yaitu:1. Gubernur, Bupati, Walikota dan jajarannya agar melaksanakan pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran hutan dan ladang dengan sebaik-baiknya mulai hari ini, Sabtu (17/6/2006).2. Melaksanakan sosialisasi dan pendidikan kepada masyarakat agar tidak lalai dan tidak melakukan pembakaran hutan dan ladang.3. Menekankan pada pimpinan perusahaan untuk melakukan kegiatan yang benar, bertanggung jawab tidak menimbulkan kebakaran hutan.4. Melakukan antisipasi dan langkah-langkah cepat manakala terjadi kebakaran hutan, baik karena kesalahan manusia atau proses alam. Melakukan respon yang cepat, tepat sehingga kebakaran tidak meluas ke daerah lain.5. Menggunakan sarana yang ada dan teknologi yang tepat guna, disamping peralatan yang dimiliki juga tenaga manusia untuk digunakan dalam penanggulangan kebakaran hutan dan ladang.6. Melibatkan semua pihak terkait, termasuk TNI, Pori, Pramuka , Lembaga Kepemudaan, termasuk LSM terutama yang peduli pada lingkungan.7. Melakukan kerja sama sebaik-baiknya, kerjsama diantara pihak Indonesia. Juga kerjasama antara Indonesia dan pihak negara tetangga

South Sumatra Forest FireManagement ProjectSSFFMP

SSFFMP South Sumatra Forest Fire Management ProjectJl. Jend. Sudirman No. 2837 KM 3,5Palembang 30129, Sumatra, Indonesia

Tel: (62) 711-377 821 Fax: (62) 711-353 176e-mail: ssffmp.eu@telkom.net Website: www.ssffmp.or.id

Summary Reports of Results and Achievements : E1: OVERVIEW / SUMMARYE2: FIRE INFORMATION SYSTEMSE3: CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT & AWARENESSE4: LAND USE PLANNINGE5: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTE6: PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION E7: GENDERE8: NGO PARTICIPATIONE9: IMPACT MONITORING