south east asia. southeast asia culture: diverse hundreds of cultures, numerous languages and...
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South East Asia
Southeast Asia
CULTURE: • Diverse• hundreds of cultures, numerous
languages and dialects, and several major religions
• Malaysia• Chinese are Buddhist• Malays are Muslim• Indians are Hindu• Scattered Christians
Shatterbox
• a region caught between stronger, colliding external cultural-political forces
• Chinese, Indians, Arabs, and Europeans all contributed to the intense cultural fragmentation
• Area lacks a powerful, dominant state• Mainland Asia• China
• North America• U.S.
• South America• Brazil
Emerging Industries• location, cheap labor, and
international investing• Pacific Rim –Singapore ranks at
the top in annual tonnage shipped from its ports
• Kuala Lumpur, Ho Chi Minh City, and Manila could become major industrial centers
Singapore
Geography of S.E. Asia
• Islands• 2nd largest in world• New Guinea (Indonesia)
• 3rd largest in world• Borneo (*I, B, M)
• 6th largest• Sumatra (Indonesia)
• 13th largest• Java (Indonesia)
*Indonesia, Brunei and Malaysia
• 1. Greenland - North America - 840,0042. New Guinea - Oceania - 312,167 3. Borneo - Asia - 287,863 4. Madagascar - Africa - 226,657 5. Baffin Island - North America - 195,9986. Sumatera (Sumatra) - Asia 7. Honshu - Asia - 87,8058. Great Britain - Europe - 84,354 9. Victoria Island - North America 10. Ellesmere Island - North America –
Source: Times Atlas of the World
Geography of S.E. Asia
• Mountainous • Ring of Fire • Borneo's Mount Kinabalu
is the tallest
Geography of S.E. Asia
• Mountainous • Ring of Fire • Mt. Pinatuboin the
Philippines.• Only 4,874 feet tall• Live volcano• An eruption in 1991
forced evacuations from the nearby city of Manila
Geography of S.E. Asia
• Mekong River courses through China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam.• Dominant river • transportation and
connectivity between the mainland countries
Climate and vegetation of S.E. Asia
• Tropical Rainforest• 79 inches of rain each year,
80 degrees • Fastest disappearing
equatorial rainforests as of 2010• Logging, dams, mining,
industry main causes of disappearance
Borneo deforestation maps
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Interesting Facts:In French:Cambodia – Le CambodgeVietman - Le Viêt Nam
Overseas Chinese
• 30 million• Dominate retail (selling at stores)• Taken leadership roles in banking,
industry, shipping• Malaysian Chinese• 29% of population• 69% of capital (Cash or goods used
to generate income)• Thai Chinese• 10% of population• 81% of capital
• Has led to animosity (anger)
European Influence• France• Colonized Indochina
beginning in 19th Century• Viet Minh led by Ho Chi
Ming defeated France after W.W. II at Dien Bien Phu• Fear of communism led to
U.S. involvement and Vietnam War (1965-1973)
• Netherlands• Island region (Malaysia and
Indonesia)• Dutch East Indies Company• Forced farms to grow coffee,
pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo, nutmeg
• Britain• Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, northern Borneo• Mined coal, cut teak trees, grew cash crops• Disrupted traditional ways of life
• Spain• Philippines
• Forced farmers to grow tobacco and sugar plantations• Port of Manila became way-station for ships crossing Pacific to Spanish Mexico• Forced to join Roman Catholic Church• Filipinos revolted against Spain in 1896 and received help from the U.S. in 1898• Filipino’s fought against U.S. in 1899
Cambodia• Vietnam War spilled into
Cambodia creating instability• Led to takeover of Communist
regime known as Khmer Rouge• Pol Pot was leader
Cambodia
• S -21• Prison of Khmer Rouge
• Called themselves Angkar• Who did Pol Pot classify as enemies?• What tactics did Pol Pot implement when he took over Cambodia as leader?
Cambodia• Many forced to work on
farms• Led to almost 2 million
deaths (1/3 of population) from 1975-1979
Myanmar• Currently, dominated by junta
since 1988• Group of military leaders who
rule like dictators• Invalidated elections in 1990• Aung San Suu Kyi won election• Junta placed her under house
arrest• Strong military with 500,000
soldiers• Military is only job for many
• Significant inflation on food prices 400%
• Gem-rich country
Golden Triangle
• Remote region• Little
government control• Opium-poppy• ½ reaches the
Americas
Thailand and Malaysia
• Europeans smuggled rubber tree seeds from Brazil to SE Asia• 1940• 90% of world’s natural
rubber came from Asia• Still, very important to SE
Asia despite high % of rubber is synthetically made
Singapore• Trading post founded in 1819 by British• Known as an entrepot• Place where goods are stored, deposited, and distributed without any taxes
• Gained independence in 1959 • City-state—city that rules itself
• Known as Asian Tiger• High Tech industries—computers, etc.
Indonesia• Largest Muslim population in
world• “Unity in Diversity”• 250 languages
• Ethnic fighting• East Timor gained independence
in 2002
Philippines• Corruption in government has led to instability• Most Christian country in SE Asia• Muslim rebels• Abu Sayyaf• Abducted many tourists