south-east asia houses: conservation and ......2018/03/27 · vietnam is the world’s top...
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Nature in Asean under threat
Burgeoning demand for food, consumer goods and exotic animals is putting pressure on nature's bounty in Asean like never before. Fish stocks are plunging, reefs are deteriorating, wildlife is vanishing and forests in much of the region are in decline. Here's a snapshot of nature in Asean.
World’s plant and animal species
Global mangrove forests
Global coral reefs
World’s marine �sh production
Global biodiversity hot spots
20%
35%
30%
14%
4 of 25
Source: ASEANFOCUS, A PUBLICATION OF THE ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE’S ASEAN STUDIES CENTRE STRAITS TIMES GRAPHICS
CONSERVATION AND WILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA:
ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA:
2010
1990
Philippines Indonesia Singapore
20years
50 tonnes
35 tonnes
10 tonnes
8 tonnes
US$
US$113,404(S$149,000)
10years
US$794,786 US$
369,8222years
Tigers, elephants, bears and pangolins are four of the most widely traded species in the Golden Triangle.
Vietnam is the world’s top destination for South African rhino horn. An estimated 3,700–4,500 tonnes of wildlife products are traded and consumed every year here alone.
The Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot ranks among the top 10 biodiversity hot spots for irreplaceability and the top 5 for threat.
Greater Mekong region
• Home to some of the planet’s most endangered wild species, including the tiger, saola, Asian elephant, Mekong dolphin and Mekong giant cat�sh.
Coral Triangle
Singapore
• 75% of popular seafood species here are unsustainable.
• The seizure of 3,000 tonnes of Malagasy rosewood by Singapore authorities in 2014 is possibly the largest seizure of illegal wildlife ever made.
Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines are among the 17 “megadiverse” countries that harbour the majority of earth’s species.
Indonesia has six priority Tiger Conservation Landscapes in Sumatra: Ulumasen-Leuser, Kampar-Kerumutan, Bukit Tigapuluh, Kerinci Seblat, Bukit Balai Rejang Selatan and Bukit Barisan Selatan.
38.7m
32.3m
of the world’s reef-building corals are located here.75%
39%
1
2
3
4
6
5of the world’s tiger population has vanished over the last century, including Javan and Bali tigers.
95%
MALAYSIA
CAMBODIA
THAILAND
MYANMAR VIETNAM
LAOS
SINGAPORE
BRUNEI
I N D O N E S I A
CHINA
PH I L I P P INE S
SouthChinaSea
PhilippineSea
NorthPacificOcean
Banda Sea
Mekong River
1
4
6
5
3
2
• 2,524 new species were discovered between 1997 and 2016 in this region alone.
• Provides 2.6 million tonnes of �sh, or about 25% of the global freshwater catch every year.
SOUTH-EAST ASIA HOUSES:
13% to 42% species lost by
2100
95% of coral reefs are at risk
from local threats
Value estimated per year.
of worldwide total seizure of ivory
Asean countries with the largest ivory seizures by weight (2009 to 2014)
Traf�cking of wildlife and timber is criminalised under laws of all Asean member states, which are also parties to
Maximum imprisonment and �nes associated with wildlife and forest crimes
Forest designated for conservation
(in hectares)
Indochinese leopards remain
in the wild.
Forest cover loss in 10 years
SOUTH-EAST ASIAN WILDLIFEUNDER THREAT:
51% 54%
20202010
Around
973 to
2503
US$
Malaysia Vietnam Thailand Singapore
8 to10
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna.
billion