south asian history ayeen akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...south asian...

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South Asian History is series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary accounts of European trade and settlement there, from the arrival of the East India companies to the full-blown colonial administration of the Victorian period, as well as works describing the earlier history of the region for the benefit of European readers. Ayeen Akbery Akbar the Great (1542–1605) is oſten regarded as the Mughal Empire’s most accomplished ruler. is document on the workings of his empire was produced by Akbar’s vizier, Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551–1602). Between 1783 and 1786, the scholar Francis Gladwin (1744/5–1812) produced an English translation from the original Persian. Reissued here is the two-volume edition that appeared in 1800. As the work’s dedicatee and Governor-General of Bengal, Warren Hastings had seen the translation as illuminating the Mughal Empire’s ‘original constitution’ and believed it would educate and inform Britain’s colonial administrators. Gladwin’s text would not be superseded for many decades, and it testifies to the quality of his scholarship and the contemporary concerns of the East India Company. Volume 1 explains the workings of the royal household and military offices, including details of the mint, treasury and harem, as well as building regulations. CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION Books of enduring scholarly value www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1 Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis Gladwin Frontmatter More information

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Page 1: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

South Asian HistoryThis series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary accounts of European trade and settlement there, from the arrival of the East India companies to the full-blown colonial administration of the Victorian period, as well as works describing the earlier history of the region for the benefit of European readers.

Ayeen AkberyAkbar the Great (1542–1605) is often regarded as the Mughal Empire’s most accomplished ruler. This document on the workings of his empire was produced by Akbar’s vizier, Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551–1602). Between 1783 and 1786, the scholar Francis Gladwin (1744/5–1812) produced an English translation from the original Persian. Reissued here is the two-volume edition that appeared in 1800. As the work’s dedicatee and Governor-General of Bengal, Warren Hastings had seen the translation as illuminating the Mughal Empire’s ‘original constitution’ and believed it would educate and inform Britain’s colonial administrators. Gladwin’s text would not be superseded for many decades, and it testifies to the quality of his scholarship and the contemporary concerns of the East India Company. Volume 1 explains the workings of the royal household and military offices, including details of the mint, treasury and harem, as well as building regulations.

C A M B R I D G E L I B R A R Y C O L L E C T I O NBooks of enduring scholarly value

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 2: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

Cambridge University Press has long been a pioneer in the reissuing of out-of-print titles from its own backlist, producing digital reprints of books that are still sought after by scholars and students but could not be reprinted economically using traditional technology. The Cambridge Library Collection extends this activity to a wider range of books which are still of importance to researchers and professionals, either for the source material they contain, or as landmarks in the history of their academic discipline.

Drawing from the world-renowned collections in the Cambridge University Library and other partner libraries, and guided by the advice of experts in each subject area, Cambridge University Press is using state-of-the-art scanning machines in its own Printing House to capture the content of each book selected for inclusion. The files are processed to give a consistently clear, crisp image, and the books finished to the high quality standard for which the Press is recognised around the world. The latest print-on-demand technology ensures that the books will remain available indefinitely, and that orders for single or multiple copies can quickly be supplied.

The Cambridge Library Collection brings back to life books of enduring scholarly value (including out-of-copyright works originally issued by other publishers) across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences and in science and technology.

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 3: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

Ayeen AkberyOr, The Institutes of the Emperor Akber

Volume 1

Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Transl ated by Francis Gl adwin

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 4: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

University Printing House, Cambridge, cb2 8bs, United Kingdom

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108067096

© in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2014

This edition first published 1800This digitally printed version 2014

isbn 978-1-108-06709-6 Paperback

This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated.

Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or

with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 5: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 6: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 7: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 8: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 9: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 10: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 11: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 12: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 13: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 14: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 15: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 16: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 17: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 18: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 19: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 20: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 21: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 22: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 23: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 24: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 25: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 26: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 27: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 28: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 29: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information

Page 30: South Asian History Ayeen Akberyassets.cambridge.org/97811080/67096/frontmatter/...South Asian History This series focuses on South Asia during the colonial period. It includes contemporary

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-06709-6 - Ayeen Akbery: Or, the Institutes of the Emperor Akber: Volume 1Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak Translated by Francis GladwinFrontmatterMore information