south america - before and after columbus
TRANSCRIPT
Karin Ostermann
Major Pre-Columbian Major Pre-Columbian CivilizationsCivilizations
Aztecs
Mayas
Incas
Early HistoryMost researchers
believed the first people in South America entered from the North 12,000 years ago.
The first settlers were hunter-gatherers.
Farming began there 5,000 years ago.
1500 B.C.E. – 1546 C.E.
Where did the ancient Maya live?The Maya were concentrated on and around
the Yucatan Peninsula in central America.
1. Location: Northern part
of Central America, the Yucatan Peninsula (Present day Mexico and Guatemala)
What did they do:
writing and number systems use of zero accurate 365 day calendar art- flat topped pyramid,
palaces, and temples
Mayan Mayan GlyphsGlyphs
Mayan Mayan MathematicsMathematics
sky king house child citysky king house child city
The Maya created a set of numeralsAlso developed a 365-day calendar
Mayan Mayan Drinking Drinking Cup for Cup for
ChocolatChocolatee
WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM???
warfare between neighbouring tribes
overpopulation over-farming
heavy taxes may have caused peasant revolts
Maya today…more than 2 million Maya people live in
Guatemala and southern Mexico today.
The IncasThe Inca founded South
America’s greatest early civilization.
The Inca Empire stretched from Ecuador to Chile.
They built paved roads, suspension bridges, stone buildings and terraced fields.
They were taken over by Francisco Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530’s.
Uniting the EmpireThe Inca built a massive road network
through mountains and across rivers and gorges.
Incan Ceramic JarsIncan Ceramic Jars
PeanutPeanut PotatoPotato SquashSquash
Cacao GodCacao God Cacao PodCacao Pod
Inca Gold & SilverInca Gold & Silver
Fall of the IncaBUT ultimately, it was Spanish
conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro that brought about the fall of the Inca Empire.
1200 CE – 1521 CE
Location: Central Valley of Mexico Tenochtitlan was the capital (now Mexico City)
Tenochtitlan: The Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas“Venice” of the Americas
Heart SacrificeHeart Sacrificeon an Aztec Temple on an Aztec Temple
PyramidPyramid
Wall of Skulls, Wall of Skulls, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Aztec MathAztec Math
Aztec WritingAztec Writing
Aztec GoldAztec Gold
Aztec Sun Stone -- Aztec Sun Stone -- CalendarCalendar
What happened to the Aztecs?Spanish conquistadors led by Hernan
Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan and defeated the Aztecs in 1521.
1526
Spanish Settlement in South America
The Spanish settle the west side of the Continent where the Inca had been.
1494 - The Portuguese come and take the east side.
disease leave only a fraction of the Indians there alive.
The Spanish spread from Peru to Bolivia to Chile and Paraguay and Argentina.
What do the Spanish take?The Spanish
begin latifundias which were large land estates.
The Spanish force the Indians to work for them.
Portuguese - 1494The Portuguese begin
settlements along the east side of South America.
They begin plantations to grow brazilwood and sugarcane.
After the Indians die because of disease, many plantation owners brought African slaves to work.
The Portuguese settlements move inward and lead to mineral discoveries and the development of Sao Paolo and Rio de Janiero.
Colonial Era and IndependenceMost South American countries gained their independence between 1810 and 1830.
