sourcing from smallholders...• application & safe use of agrochemicals • worker shortages...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sourcing from Smallholders Sarah Roberts
All-Party Parliamentary Group Food and Development
Meeting, March 2015
![Page 2: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ETP Members
![Page 3: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The ETP vision is of a thriving tea industry that is
socially just and environmentally sustainable
![Page 4: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ETP Partner Organisations
![Page 5: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Overview
We ensure producers in members’ supply chains meet good social and
environmental standards. We improve conditions for workers and smallholders,
and the way tea estates and factories are managed.
We run training and support programmes that make work places better, fairer,
and safer. We also work with partners to reduce poverty and make progress
towards the Millennium Development Goals.
We help smallholders get gain better incomes by assisting them to improve
quality and productivity, and access to international markets. We also help
them to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
We help producers improve their environmental management systems to
protect soil, water, ecosystems, and wildlife. We also help the sector to
understand the implications of climate change and maintain tea production in
the face of changing weather patterns and growing conditions.
Raising
core
standards
Improving
worker lives &
livelihoods
Improving
smallholder
lives &
livelihoods
Climate
change & the
environment
![Page 6: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ETP’s Reach
• 40 members
• 1,000 producers
• 800,000 smallholder farmers
• 700,000 workers
![Page 7: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8 million
smallholders in
Africa & Asia
=
70% of
production
Smallholder Contribution to Global Tea Production
China
Smallholders: 80%
Estates: 20%
Sri Lanka
Smallholders: 69%
Estates: 31% Kenya
Smallholders: 62%
Estates: 38%
India
Smallholders: 30%
Estates: 70%
Indonesia
Smallholders: 26%
Estates: 74%
Malawi
Smallholders: 10%
Estates: 90%
Rwanda
Smallholders: 65%
Estates: 35%
![Page 8: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Key Challenges Facing Smallholders
• Relationship with processors – lack of ownership/control of production facilities
• Leaf pricing structures - lack of organisation and bargaining power
• Lack of understanding of market requirements, including international standards,
lack of business skills
• Productivity & leaf quality - old bushes, gaps in plots, poor agricultural practice,
deterioration of leaf due to poor logistics
• Difficulties in accessing finance for input materials
• Application & safe use of agrochemicals
• Worker shortages
• Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases
• Food security and nutrition
![Page 9: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Drought Affecting Stands of Tea Bushes
![Page 10: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Incorrect Application of Agrochemicals.
![Page 11: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Increasing Instances of pests & disease
due to climate change
![Page 12: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Livelihoods – Indonesia
• 2 Cooperatives
• 1,500 smallholders
Raising standards – India
• 40,00 smallholders
Adapting to Climate Change - Kenya
• 10 Cooperatives
• 100,000 smallholders
• Resources developed
• Added to FFS curriculum
6 FFSs established -
Rwanda
• 2 Cooperatives
• 8,450 smallholders Expansion of FFS Programme (Africa)
• Kenya: 32,500 smallholders
• Malawi: 7,000 smallholders
• Uganda: 1,500 smallholders Raising Standards - Burundi
• 25,000 smallholders
Improving smallholder farming through Farmer Field Schools
These work programmes impact positively on the following Millennium Development Goals:
![Page 13: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Farmer training
![Page 14: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
New bushes – better clonal material for in-filling
and to improve quality and productivity
![Page 15: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Filling in Gaps/ Increasing Bush Density
![Page 16: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Soil Conservation Structures
![Page 17: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Significant productivity increases possible
Lead farmer Pak Wawan won the
Governor's Medal for highest productivity increase
![Page 18: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Farmer Field School approach can successfully
reach hundreds of thousands of farmers
![Page 19: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Farmer Field Schools cover wide range of topics,
selected by farmers
Curriclum from Amani FFS
TEA RELATED TOPICS
• Fertiliser Application
• Tea Clones
• Pruning
• Tea Plucking
• Tea Nursery
• Weeding
• Tipping Standards
• Soil Sampling
• Composting
• Business skills and record-keeping
DEMONSTRATION PLOT TOPICS
• Tea plucking
• Pruning Height
• Pests and Diseases
• Green leaf handling during transportation
• Tea Spacing
• Soil and Water conservation, soil fertility
• Record Keeping
• Planning and Budgeting
• New planting and infilling
NON-TEA TOPICS
• Dairy Farming
• Breeding and breed selection
• Feeding and nutrition
• Housing
• Animal and animal product’s health
• Value addition and marketing
• Heifer management
• Poultry Keeping
• Horticulture – cabbages, pineapples Tomato farming,
banana farming
• Cereals farming (maize, beans, millet)
• HIV and AIDS
• Restraint and Conflict resolution
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Human health and Nutrition
• Family Relationships
• Good Community relations
• Presentation Skills
• Environmental Conservation
• Tree nursery management
• Waste management
• Tree planting
• Energy efficiency; Electricity, Firewood, Biogas,
Solar power, Water harvesting – Energy saving jilko
use
![Page 20: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Mapping of likely impact & awareness raising
• 3 year programme covering 1/5 of KTDA – 100,000 farmers
• Approach now included in FFS curriculum and reaching rest of KTDA
Kenya – Increasing Farmers’ Resilience to the
Effects of Climate Change through FFSs
![Page 21: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Adapting to Climate Change Training
![Page 22: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Installing Simple Drip Irrigation
![Page 23: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Making Compost
![Page 24: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Crop Diversification / Kitchen Gardens
![Page 25: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Efficient Planting Patterns (Kitchen Gardens)
![Page 26: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
New Revenue from Livestock
![Page 27: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Energy Efficient Stoves
![Page 28: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Livelihoods – Indonesia
• 2 Cooperatives
• 1,500 smallholders
Raising standards – India
• 40,00 smallholders
Adapting to Climate Change - Kenya
• 10 Cooperatives
• 100,000 smallholders
• Resources developed
• Added to FFS curriculum
6 FFSs established -
Rwanda
• 2 Cooperatives
• 8,450 smallholders Expansion of FFS Programme (Africa)
• Kenya: 32,500 smallholders
• Malawi: 7,000 smallholders
• Uganda: 1,500 smallholders Raising Standards - Burundi
• 25,000 smallholders
Improving smallholder farming through Farmer Field Schools
These work programmes impact positively on the following Millennium Development Goals:
![Page 29: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2. Tea sector analysis – the
economics of sustainability
Average made tea revenues in 2009 $s per kg of made tea
* Note: Smallholder revenues have been normalised for transport costs, i.e. if farmers pay the cost has been deducted to ensure fair comparison
Source: Primary interviews with smallholders and associations, Bank of Uganda, TechnoServe
27% 25% 27%
Tanzania Uganda Rwanda Kenya
75%
0.72
1.99
0.51 0.46
1.29 1.38
0.66
2.20
Smallholder revenues per kg of made tea (minus transport where appropriate*)
Factory revenues minus green leaf payments per kg of made tea
Percentage share of made tea prices received by farmers
![Page 30: Sourcing from Smallholders...• Application & safe use of agrochemicals • Worker shortages • Climate change e.g. new pests and diseases • Food security and nutrition . Drought](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc2dfa84c83054faf57e855/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Significant progress towards a living wage
Healthy, motivated productive workforce with greater opportunities for
women
Profitable estate sector investing in its
future
Profitable smallholder sector
investing in its future
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Thriving Sustainable Tea Industry
in Malawi
Costed options to improve nutritional value of midday meal for workers
HR assessment
Capacity building of unions, employers and government to improve wage setting process and worker representation
Assessment of finance options to support clonal replanting and engagement with finance institutions
Sustainable procurement commitments voluntarily agreed with interested buyers
Support to industry on HR practices
CBA negotiated between workers and employers
Living income benchmark developed and strategy for progression towards it
Acceleration of replanting and clonal development
Continued investment in quality and factory improvements
Engagement with producers, smallholder associations and financial institutions on increased value sharing with smallholders and equity stakes in factories
Expansion of Farmer Field Schools to improve yields, and quality, business skills and diversify income
Smallholders getting larger share of made tea price through good prices for quality tea and equity stake in production facilities
Analysis of options for improving in-kind benefits
Introduction of improved meals
Links to GIZ Healthcare Programme made
Programme to eradicate discrimination and harassment & identify and develop capable female workers
Financial training for workers and facilitating access to financial services
Skills development programme for workers
Malawi 2020 Programme