sources of political information in hungary...mérték media monitor 2018. november sources of...

Mérték Media Monitor

2018. november

Sources of political information in Hungary

Trends, 2015-18

The project was supported by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

The data of the research were recorded by and analyzed in cooperation with Medián Opinion and Market Research Institute

Table of contents

Methodology page 3

How Hungarians inform themselves page 4

The role of individual news sources in political information page 20

Information clusters page 42

Political information and Facebook page 52

Different ways in which people inform themselves page 70

Assessment of the media situation page 93

Methodology

• This survey was commissioned by Mérték Media Monitor and performed by the Medián Közvélemény- és Piackutató Intézetby conducting personal interviews on a sample of 1,200 persons.

• With the proper weighting, the sample is representative of the Hungarian population over 18

• Time of data collection: 13-19 September 2018

• Part of the survey includes questions already surveyed in 2015-2015 and then in 2016.

• Margin of error: for the sample overall, it is +/-3 percentage points, for specific subsegments that figure may be higher.

How Hungarians inform themselves

How Hungarians inform themselvesSummary of the results

• There has been no change in the share of the population who professed an interest inpolitics. The time devoted to obtaining information (based on the subjective assessment of therespondent) shows a very slight level of growth when compared to 2016. There is a moreclearly discernible growth in the ratio of those who report spending more time on informingthemselves about politics/public life than four years go.

• The ratio of those who feel that they spend a lot of time informing themselves about politics– in fact that they are informing themselves more than in previous years – was highest amongthe supporters of the governing party. Among opposition voters, the prevailing attitude is oneof turning away from public affairs, to inform themselves less intensely than before.

• Television continues to be the most important source of information when it comes topolitical and public affairs issues. The internet and then radio follow at a considerably distance.Print publications play a comparatively small role, only 15% of respondents regularly read dailynewspapers and 4% read weeklies.

• Even among internet users, television is considered a more important source of news thanthe internet.

• Interest in politics and the willingness to inform oneself correlate significantly with age. 41%of 18-29-year-olds are not interested at all in politics; 10% do not follow politics at all, whileanother 21% do not inform themselves regularly.

How interested are you in politics?As a percentage of the total population

6

6

8

30

31

28

34

32

35

30

32

29

2014-2015

2016

2018

very somewhat a little not at all

How interested are you in politics?percentage

2

9

13

9

8

10

31

37

35

28

33

41

32

37

35

55

19

18

19

29

no party preference

Jobbik

opposition (non-Jobbik)

government supporter

PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION


How interested are you in politics?percentage

6

6

16

17

8

6

4

12

9

6

5

2

8

24

31

26

37

26

32

19

29

29

34

21

22

28

38

35

29

32

35

34

36

33

37

32

39

35

35

32

28

29

14

30

28

42

26

25

28

36

41

29

village

city/town

Budapest

TYPE OF MUNICIPALITY

higher education diploma

secondary education

vocational school

max. 8 years elementary

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION


How much time do you spend on informing yourself about politics/public affairs?As a percentage of the total population

Compared to a few years ago * how much time do you spend on informing yourself about politics/public affairs?

As a percentage of the total population

18

17

20

82

82

76

1

4

2014-2015

2016

2018 tends to be a lot

tends to be a little

DK/NA

15

16

21

47

44

39

37

40

39

2014-2015

2016

2018 more

the same

less

*In 2014/15: ”Compared to five years ago...”

How much time do you spend on informing yourself about politics/public affairs?

percentage

9

40

10

14

23

27

20

87

57

82

84

74

71

76

5

3

7

2

4

2

4

isn't interested

tends to be interested

INTEREST IN POLITICS

no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

tends to be a lot tends to be a little DK/NA

How much time do you spend on informing yourself about politics/public affairs?

percentage

31

18

20

15

27

18

21

14

4

20

65

78

77

79

69

78

76

81

91

76

5

4

3

6

4

4

3

5

5

4


secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

tends to be a lot tends to be a little DK/NA

Compared to a few years ago, how much time do you spend on informing yourself about politics/public

affairs?percentage

13

34

14

21

23

25

21

44

31

45

34

30

42

39

41

34

38

44

44

33

39

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

more the same less

Compared to a few years ago, how much time do you spend on informing yourself about politics/public affairs?

percentage

23

23

13

25

20

23

16

21

36

40

44

34

45

33

44

39

41

36

41

39

34

43

39

39

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school



TOTAL POPULATION

more the same less

When you inform yourself about politics/public affairs, what news sources do you consult regularly?

as a percentage of the total population

5

21

32

34

71

16

24

25

19

18

79

55

44

46

11

weeklynewspaper

dailynewspaper

radio

internet

television

regularly occasionally never

2014-2015

3

13

30

35

70

16

24

27

18

17

81

64

43

47

13

2016

4

15

29

35

71

18

20

29

22

17

78

65

42

43

12

2018

When you inform yourself about politics/public affairs, what news sources do you consult regularly?

as a percentage of internet users (N=816)

5

12

27

49

66

20

22

31

31

20

75

66

42

19

14

weekly newspaper

daily newspaper

radio

internet

television

regularly occasionally never

The share of those who don’t inform themselves by party preference and political interest

percentage

18

7

20

18

11

10

14

8

3

11

7

5

4

7

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

doesn't regularly inform him/herself doesn't inform him/herself at all

The share of those who don’t inform themselves by age and place of residence

percentage

12

15

15

9

14

16

16

21

14

6

6

12

5

6

7

11

10

7

village

city/town

Budapest

TYPE OF…

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

doesn't regularly inform him/herself doesn't inform him/herself at all

If for any reason you could only inform yourself from one type of media, which one of those listed on these cards would you choose?

percentage

47

35

45

38

42

41

42

17

25

15

4

12

34

20

4

4

5

5

5

2

4

1

1

0

2

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

0

1

21

26

22

37

31

16

23

3

7

2

8

7

5

5

5

2

10

4

2

1

4

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

private television public service television radios

political daily tabloid daily newspaper weekly

online newspaper news channel DK/NA

If for any reason you could only inform yourself from one type of media, which one of those listed on these cards would you choose?

percentage

50

43

29

25

40

44

57

45

42

41

41

39

42

21

18

24

20

16

22

24

31

21

13

8

8

20

6

3

4

2

4

4

4

4

4

5

3

3

4

0

1

0

1

2

0

0

1

0

1

2

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

2

1

15

26

27

39

28

21

5

10

22

32

36

37

23

4

5

6

7

6

5

2

6

5

4

4

3

5

4

3

8

5

5

3

5

3

4

5

5

9

4

villagecity/townBudapest

TYPE OF MUNICIPALITYhigher education diploma

secondary educationvocational school

max. 8 years elementaryEDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older50-59 years40-49 years30-39 years18-29 years

AGETOTAL POPULATION

private television public service television radios

political daily tabloid daily newspaper weekly

online newspaper news channel DK/NA

The role of individual news sources in political information

The role of individual news sources in political informationSummary of the results

Daily newspapers

• The major changes seen in the market for daily newspapers did not exert a substantial impact on mediaconsumption. The newly published dailies (Magyar Idők, Ripost) reach 1-2% of the population. As compared to2014/2015, slightly fewer people read county newspapers and the largest tabloid, Blikk, while the readershipof the other major tabloid, Bors, has not changed.

• The free newspaper Lokál was alone in slightly increasing its readership. It is read regularly by 4% andoccasionally by 9%.

• County daily newspapers are read regularly by a quarter of respondents outside Budapest and surroundingPest County (county newspaper is not available in this area). The choice of news source correlates morestrongly with age than with party preference: within individual age groups, there are no significant differencesbetween the party choices of readers and non-readers.

Television

• The changes in television consumption habits were minor, too: there was a slight growth in the proportion ofthose who regularly inform themselves from TV2, public service television and ATV.

• A peculiar and new phenomenon in television as a source of information is the genre of one-minute newsshows. It was because of the novelty factor that we were once again curious to find out what share of thepublic watches these and what they think about them.

• As compared to 2016, there has been a substantial drop in the share of those who encounter one-minutenews while watching sports events (the last survey was performed after the Olympic Games in 2016).

• Roughly a third of respondents find these news annoying, and there has been a slight increase in the share ofthose who do not see them as a problem. The ratio of respondents who are annoyed is especially low amonggovernment party supporters, but those who are not upset constituted a majority in all voter segments.

The role of individual news sources in political informationSummary of the results

Radios

• There was no major change in the role played by radios that have been operating continuouslythroughout the past years. The new national commercial station Retro Radio had fairly high ratings(22% regularly get information from this station). 11% of the adult public listen at least once a weekto Rádió 1 network to get political information.

Weeklies

• Weeklies play a very marginal role: even HVG, which reaches the highest share of the public amongthe weeklies, is read by fewer than 10% of the entire adult population; and only 4% read it regularly,i.e. at least once a month. Apart from 168 óra, the free weekly Lokál Extra is the other only significantweekly (a total of 7%, with 3% regular readers).

Online newspapers

• Based on their roles as sources of information, Origo and Index continue to lead the rankings ofonline newspapers. Another significant source is 24.hu, and the share of regular readers is over 10%in the case of hvg.hu and 444, too.

• The only discernible change is in Origo’s readership: the share of those who consult the site forpolitical information at least once a week has dropped from 26% in 2016 to 19% today.

• Blogs play a relatively minor role in political information. 10% read them regularly and 30% do sooccasionally. For Jobbik voters this particular genre is more important than for other segments.

2

2

6

1

1

4

12

25

4

3

12

3

2

9

16

9

95

94

82

97

97

87

72

66

Magyar Nemzet

Népszabadság

Metropol

Magyar Hírlap

Népszava

Bors

Blikk

county newspaper

at least once a week at least once a month used to read but no longer does never

2

2

1

1

0

0

2

4

10

18

1

1

3

2

1

2

2

11

14

6

0

1

2

1

0

1

0

2

3

5

97

96

94

96

99

97

96

83

72

70

other newspaper

Magyar Nemzet

Népszabadság

Magyar Hírlap

Magyar Idők

Népszava

Lokál

Bors

Blikk

county…

Information about politics/public affairs from newspapers


2014-2015 2016

2

1

1

1

1

4

4

7

19

3

1

1

1

3

9

9

15

7

4

4

2

5

2

3

8

10

9

90

94

96

93

94

84

79

68

65

other newspaper

Magyar Hírlap

Magyar Idők

Népszava

Ripost

Lokál

Bors

Blikk

county newspaper

2018

21

9

17

20

19

9

4

4

7

7

8

9

12

9

9

62

78

66

64

65

no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION


Information about politics/public affairs from county daily newspapers

percentage

29

12

25

28

26

12

5

6

10

9

10

10

17

11

12

49

73

51

50

52

no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION


Information about politics/public affairs from county daily newspapers

As a percentage of the population outside Budapest and Pest County (N=860)

totalpopulation


opposition supporter

(without Jobbik)Jobbik

no party preference

county daily newspaper

26% 28% 22% 13% 30%

Blikk 21% 23% 23% 18% 18%

Bors 13% 15% 13% 11% 12%

Lokál 13% 14% 11% 8% 14%

Ripost 4% 6% 4% 3% 3%

Népszava 2% 1% 3% 3% 2%

Magyar Idők 2% 3% 1% 4% 1%

Magyar Hírlap 2% 3% 2% 1% 1%

Information about politics/public affairs from daily newspapers

Share of those who read the newspaper at least occasionally, by party preference

Information about politics/public affairs from television

As a percentage of the total populaton

0

7

22

6

25

21

43

62

73

0

12

22

11

21

18

21

14

11

Story

Duna

Echo

HírTV

ATV

M1, M2

TV2

RTL Klub

at least once a weekat least once a monthused to watch but no longer doesnever

5

1

8

23

21

47

61

75

6

3

10

18

18

20

16

10

1

1

2

3

1

5

3

3

88

94

80

56

60

29

20

13

other televisionchannel

Euronews

Echo

HírTV

ATV

M1, M2, M4, M5Duna

TV2

RTL Klub

2014-2015 2016

22

3

10

19

27

54

68

74

12

10

14

22

23

24

18

16

66

87

77

59

50

22

14

10

other televisionchannel

Euronews

Echo

HírTV

ATV

M1, M2, M4, M5Duna

TV2

RTL Klub

2018

totalpopulation




no party preference

RTL Klub 90% 88% 95% 88% 89%

TV2 86% 90% 85% 83% 83%

M1, M2, M4, M5, Duna TV

78% 85% 75% 67% 75%

ATV 50% 45% 63% 48% 45%

HírTV 41% 43% 41% 44% 37%

Echo TV 23% 28% 21% 27% 18%

Euronews 13% 11% 16% 19% 11%

Information about politics/public affairs from television

Share of those who watch the channel at least occasionally, by party

One-minute news shows

Do you tend to see one-minute news shows on the sports channels during the coverage of sports

events? As a percentage of the total population

Do these one-minute news shows tend to botheryou or not?

Among those who tend to see one-minute news shows (N=422)

59

35

39

62

2

3

2016

2018

yes no DK/NA

33

27

66

72

1

1

2016

2018

tends to minddoesn't tend to mindDK/NA

Do these one-minute news shows tend to annoy you or not?

Among those who tend to see one-minute news shows (N=422)

22

28

31

33

31

36

16

27

77

72

66

66

69

63

83

72

1

3

1

1

1

1

village

city/town

Budapest


no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

tends to mind doesn't tend to mind DK/NA

Information about politics/public affairs from radioAs a percentage of the total population

25

2

4

16

28

8

3

3

4

7

66

95

93

80

65

Class FM

Inforádió

Klub Rádió

local (town)radio

Kossuth, Petőfi

at least once a week less often never

5

1

30

1

2

11

27

2

2

9

2

3

3

9

93

98

61

97

95

86

64

other radio

Lánchídrádió

Class FM

Inforádió

Klub Rádió

local (town)radio

Kossuth,Petőfi

2014-2015 2016

11

2

4

14

11

22

30

4

3

3

5

9

9

12

85

95

93

81

80

69

58

other radio

Inforádió

Klub Rádió

local (town)radio

Rádió1

Retro Rádió

Kossuth,Petőfi

2018

totalpopulation




no party preference

Kossuth, Petőfi 42% 53% 39% 28% 34%

Retro Rádió 31% 32% 32% 37% 28%

Rádió1 20% 19% 19% 24% 20%

Klubrádió 7% 5% 11% 4% 7%

Inforádió 5% 6% 4% 6% 5%

Information about politics/public affairs from radioShare of those who listen to the radio station at least occasionally, by party

Readers of weekliesAs a percentage of the total population

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

5

3

4

2

1

2

2

2

3

5

96

93

98

98

97

98

97

96

90

Heti Válasz

Helyi Téma

Barikád

Demokrata

Figyelő

Magyar Narancs

Élet és Irodalom

168 óra

HVG

at least once a month less frequently never

8

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

5

3

3

1

2

3

2

3

5

7

89

95

98

97

95

97

96

93

88

local/municipalnewspaper

Heti Válasz

Barikád

Demokrata

Figyelő

Magyar Narancs

Élet és Irodalom

168 óra

HVG

2014-2015 2016

13

0

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

2

4

6

1

1

2

2

3

2

4

4

4

5

5

81

99

98

97

97

96

96

95

95

93

93

91

local/municipal…

Barikád

Hetek

Demokrata

Figyelő

Magyar Narancs

Élet és Irodalom

Vasárnapi Hírek

Szabad Föld

Lokál Extra

168 óra

HVG

2018

totalpopulation




no party preference

HVG 9% 9% 12% 9% 7%

168 óra 7% 7% 8% 7% 6%

Lokál Extra 7% 7% 6% 4% 8%

Szabad Föld 5% 6% 5% 7% 4%

Vasárnapi Hírek 5% 5% 7% 4% 3%

Élet és Irodalom 4% 3% 7% 4% 3%

Magyar Narancs 4% 5% 5% 1% 3%

Figyelő 3% 4% 5% 2% 2%

Demokrata 3% 4% 2% 5% 1%

Hetek 2% 1% 3% 3% 1%

Barikád 1% 1% 2% 1% 1%

Information about politics/public affairs from weekliesShare of those who read the weekly at least occasionally, by party

Readers of online newspapersAs a percentage of the total population

1

2

3

1

1

6

3

5

10

17

20

28

2

2

3

2

1

5

3

5

7

9

11

14

98

95

94

96

98

89

94

90

83

74

69

59

vs.hu

mno.hu

nol.hu

alfahir.hu

mandiner.hu

kuruc.info

átlátszó.hu

444.hu

hvg.hu

hir24.hu

index.hu

origo.hu

at least once a week less frequently never

3

3

1

2

2

2

6

4

5

6

2

9

12

17

23

26

3

4

2

3

3

3

5

4

6

7

4

6

8

12

10

12

94

93

97

95

96

95

90

92

89

87

94

84

81

71

67

62

mno.hu

nol.hu

direkt36.hu

alfahir.hu

magyaridok.hu

mandiner.hu

kuruc.info

888.hu

átlátszó.hu

hirado.hu

ripost.hu

444.hu

hvg.hu

hir24.hu

index.hu

origo.hu

2014-2015 2016

1

1

2

2

1

3

5

4

4

6

10

11

16

20

19

4

5

4

5

6

7

7

8

10

9

10

13

13

14

17

95

94

94

93

93

90

88

88

85

85

80

76

71

66

65

direkt36.hu

népszava.hu

alfahir.hu

magyaridok.hu

mandiner.hu

kuruc.info

888.hu

átlátszó.hu

hirado.hu

ripost.hu

444.hu

hvg.hu

24.hu

index.hu

origo.hu

2018

totalpopulation




no party preference

origo.hu 35% 36% 38% 47% 29%

index.hu 34% 31% 42% 42% 28%

24.hu 29% 28% 37% 32% 23%

hvg.hu 24% 18% 34% 29% 19%

444.hu 20% 18% 26% 22% 17%

ripost.hu 15% 15% 17% 19% 13%

hirado.hu 15% 14% 16% 15% 13%

atlatszo.hu 12% 11% 17% 10% 10%

888.hu 12% 13% 11% 15% 10%

kuruc.info 10% 9% 9% 23% 8%

mandiner.hu 7% 6% 7% 8% 7%

magyaridok.hu 7% 8% 7% 7% 7%

alfahir.hu 7% 5% 7% 13% 6%

népszava.hu 6% 5% 10% 3% 5%

direkt36.hu 5% 5% 6% 9% 4%

Information about politics/public affairs from online newspapersShare of those who watch the visit the website at least occasionally, by party

News sources that can be associated with a political side based on media consumption patterns

▪ Pro-government media based on media consumption pattern:

▪ TV2

▪ m1, m2, m4, m5, Duna

▪ Echo TV

▪ Kossuth, Petőfi rádió

▪ Origo

▪ Ripost

▪ Demokrata

▪ Media associated with Jobbik based onconsumption pattern:

▪ alfahir.hu

▪ kuruc.info

▪ The following are especially often consumed by non-Jobbik opposition voters:

▪ RTL Klub

▪ ATV

▪ Klub Rádió

▪ 168 óra

▪ Élet és Irodalom

▪ 444.hu

▪ atlatszo.hu

▪ 24.hu

▪ hvg.hu

▪ Index

▪ nepszava.hu

Media highlighted with red are those where we observed a significant correlation between party preference and consumption of the given media, while controlling for age, municipality size and educational attainment.

How often do you read political/public life-themed blogs on the internet?


9

9

10

28

30

30

62

61

59

2014-15

2016

2018

often rarely never


percentage

5

18

5

13

12

11

10

29

32

25

39

35

29

30

65

49

69

45

52

59

59

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

often rarely never


percentage

11

10

7

21

9

8

4

6

12

15

8

9

10

27

31

33

45

39

28

6

16

35

41

41

37

30

61

58

60

34

51

62

89

76

51

43

51

55

59

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

often rarely never

Information from foreign news sourcespercentage

1

2

4

5

3

1

1

2

3

2

1

5

2

6

9

17

24

10

7

3

5

8

16

16

10

10

91

89

80

71

87

92

95

93

88

83

82

84

88

1

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

1

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school



60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

regularly occasionally never DK/NA

Information clusters

Information clusters I.Summary of the results

• We created clusters based on the role specific types of media play in their political information.In the process, we first created patterns of information and then used these to createconsumer clusters with the help of cluster analysis.

• The clustering by media types reveals that an overwhelming majority (90%) get informationfrom commercial television, although the public service channels also have a very highproportion of viewers (78%).

• As we saw above, the role of public service television channels has increased since 2016.

• A majority of 56% in the adult population watch some news channel.

• The major online newspapers reach 47%.

• Overall, the role of smaller online newspapers is also fairly important (36%).

• Public service radio reach 42%, while commercial stations are listened to by 39%. The role ofnews radios is relatively minor, however, they are even outperformed by some of the printmedia outlets.

• County newspapers play the biggest role among the print outlets. They are followed by printtabloids (23%) and weeklies (18%).

• Political dailies are less relevant than any other type of media, but they are neverthelessassociated with such a distinct consumption pattern that they give rise to their owninformation clusters.

Information clusters IISummary of the results

• Of the three information clusters we created, the most populous was the onecomprising those who inform themselves narrowly, mostly from television (43%).

• Roughly a third, 31% of the public inform themselves from a wide variety of sources,with an internet-centred approach (but not exclusively from the internet).

• 3% belong to the cluster of persons who inform themselves extensively, and politicaldailies play a vital role in their basket of media sources.

• 23% of the public do not inform themselves regularly or did not respond to thequestion concerning where they get their information from and hence they played norole in the creation of the information clusters.

• Government party supporters are more likely than the average respondent to belongto the cluster of persons who primarily inform themselves from television, whileopposition voters are more likely to be among those who inform themselves moreactively and with a focus on internet-based sources. The cluster with persons whoprimarily draw on television as a source of information includes a high share ofelderly respondents, of persons with low educational attainment and a high share ofpeople who live in small rural municipalities.

Consumption patterns – types of mediaThe share of those who inform themselves from one of these sources at least

occasionally

9

8

16

28

25

36

39

36

48

51

66

88

3

9

18

23

26

36

39

42

47

56

78

90

political dailies

news radios

weeklies

print tabloid

county newspapers

small online newspapers

private radio

"public service" radio

major online newspapers

news television

"public service" television

private television

2018

2016

RTL Klub, TV2

M1, M2, M4, M5, Duna TV

Magyar Hírlap, Magyar Idők, Népszava

ATV, HírTV, Echo TV, Euronews

Origo, Index, 24.hu

444, 888, alfahír, átlátszó, direkt36,, hirado.hu, hvg.hu, kuruc.info, magyaridok.hu, mandiner, nepszava.hu, ripost

Blikk, Bors, Lokál, Riposzt

Retro Rádió, Rádió1

168 óra, Barikád, Demokrata, Élet és Irodalom, Figyelő, HVG, Magyar Narancs, Vasárnapi Hírek, Szabad Föld, Hetek

Kossuth Rádió, Petőfi Rádió

Inforádió, Klubrádió

Clusters of information about public life

0,10,2

0,0

-0,7 -0,7

-0,3

0,0-0,1

0,0

-0,3

-0,2-0,1

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

narrow range, predominantly television (56%) private television

public service television

news television



private radios

public service radios

print tabloids

couny newspapers

weeklies

political dailies

news radios

We created these clusters within the larger group of persons who regularly inform themselves about public affairs: N=949The clusters we reviewed are consumer groups created with statistical methods (cluster analysis). The figure presents how typical specific types of media are as sources information for each of the groups. High positive values indicate that those in the given group are likely to inform themselves from the given type of media, while a high negative value means that they are highly unlikely to do so.


0,20,0

0,3

1,0 1,0

0,4

0,1 0,2 0,2

0,4

-0,2

0,1

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

internet-centred (41%) private television


news television



private radios


print tabloids

couny newspapers

weeklies

political dailies

news radios


0,20,5

0,6 0,60,8

0,5

0,9 1,00,7

1,4

5,5

0,7

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

"The political daily is the most important" cluster (4%) private television


news television



private radios


print tabloids

couny newspapers

weeklies

political dailies

news radios

Clusters of information about public lifeamong those who regularly inform themselves (N=949)

56

41

4

narrow range, predominantly television

internet-centred

the political daily is the most important

Clusters of information about public lifeas a percentage of the total population

43

43

42

31

39

50

43

26

41

23

35

42

30

31

2

4

1

4

2

4

3

28

13

34

29

17

16

23

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

narrow range, predominantly television internet centred

the political daily is the most important doesn't inform him/herself or no answer

Clusters of information about public lifeas a percentage of the total population

48

43

35

23

34

45

72

65

39

27

23

28

43

29

33

31

50

37

30

9

19

34

44

42

34

31

3

2

3

5

3

2

1

2

4

3

3

3

3

20

22

31

23

25

24

17

14

23

26

32

35

23

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school



60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

narrow range, predominantly television internet-centred

the political daily is the most important doesn't inform him/herself or no answer

Political information and Facebook

Political information and FacebookSummary of the results

• Since 2014, there has been no increase in the share of Facebook users in theHungarian adult population. The social media page appears to play an importantrole in public information since a quarter of users encounter posts with publicaffairs content every day, while another 21% see such Facebook posts everyweek.

• The social media page also supports the process of informing oneself from abroader variety of sources, in that 88% of users also encounter contents whichconvey views emphatically differ from their own.

• Among those who only encounter pro-government contents, Facebook plays aminor role in their media consumption: three-quarters of them do not use thesocial media network.

• An important insight is that the majority of those who encounter politicalcontents on Facebook (60%) tend to be to some extent annoyed by what’s beingshared with them, and many indicate that they’d prefer for the social network toplay a different role in their lives. However, contents that are different from theirown opinions do not tend to annoy them substantially.

• A fraction of Facebook users regularly likes or shares articles on politics (4-5%),although once in a while a quarter of users does do

Facebook usageAs a percentage of the total population

46

48

46

54

51

54

1

2014-15

2016

2018

is on Facebook isn't on Facebook no answer

How often do you encounter political/public affairs-themed articles and contents on Facebook?

Among Facebook users (N=552)

24 21 12 10 10 22 0

almost every day a few times a week once a week a few times a month infrequently never DK/NA

And how often do you encounter political contents on Facebook that emphatically differ from your own?

Among those who tend to encounter political contents on Facebook (N=428)

15 26 18 16 13 9 3Those who encounter political

contents on Facebook

almost every day a few times a week once a week a few times a month infrequently never DK/NA

How often do you encounter political/public affairs-themed articles and contents on Facebook?


20

31

33

24

17

29

24

19

25

18

22

24

13

21

11

13

16

9

14

9

12

11

7

14

9

10

4

10

12

8

6

12

10

16

10

26

16

13

23

26

29

22

1

1

0

isn't interested




secondary education

vocational school



TOTAL POPULATION

almost every day a few times a week once a week a few times a month

infrequently never DK/NA

Facebook and politicsAmong Facebook users (N=552)

26

16

19

26

18

29

27

19

18

22

31

35

43

26

38

26

31

41

30

32

33

36

27

37

32

30

34

31

40

34

8

11

9

9

8

8

8

10

10

9

3

2

3

2

4

7

0

0

2

2

isn't interested



village

city/town

Budapest


no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

doesn't encounter political contents on Facebooktends to encounter contents that are close to his/her positiontends to encounter both contents close to his/her position and contents that differ from his/herstends to encounter contents on Facebook that differ from his/her own positionDK/NA

How annoyed are you when you see the following on Facebook…

Among those who encounter these (N=428; N=379)

22

22

40

38

37

39

1

1

political contents thatemphatically differ from

his/her own position

political contents

bothers him/her a lot bothers him/her a little isn't bother by it DK/NA

How annoyed are you by politically-themed articles on Facebook?

Among those who encounter politically-themed articles on Facebook (N=428)

25

17

11

19

20

35

22

22

38

39

45

42

40

35

27

38

35

44

43

39

40

28

48

39

2

1

1

3

1

isn't interested



60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION


How annoyed are you by politically-themed articles on Facebook that project an opinion that is emphatically different from yours?

Among those who encounter contents that differ from their own opinions(N=379)

27

22

18

13

28

17

32

23

16

25

28

15

22

38

35

58

49

38

43

16

46

49

37

43

21

40

36

42

23

38

33

40

52

31

34

37

28

63

37

0

1

1

1

1

1

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION


How often does it happen that when you see politically-themed articles on Facebook you…

%

5 5 4 6

27 3023

35

45

64

49

59

23

1

23

1

as a share of allFacebook users

as a share of allFacebook userswho encounter

political contents

as a share of allFacebook users

as a share of allFacebook userswho encounter

political contents

regularly

sometimes

never

DK/NA/doesn'tpertain

… like it …share it

How often does it happen that you share politically-themed articles on Facebook?


3

7

3

3

5

5

4

17

34

17

26

22

29

23

54

42

49

44

52

49

49

27

17

31

27

20

18

23

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

regularly sometimes never DK/NA


Among Facebook users(N=552)

3

5

5

9

2

3

4

4

17

23

35

26

22

27

11

23

60

46

42

48

51

44

56

49

21

26

18

16

24

26

29

23

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school



TOTAL POPULATION




2

9

1

5

8

5

5

21

37

20

32

24

32

27

50

37

47

35

48

44

45

27

17

31

27

20

18

23

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION




3

5

8

15

2

3

2

10

5

5

4

1

5

21

27

36

27

27

29

18

29

32

31

26

14

27

55

42

38

42

47

42

51

45

42

46

46

46

45

21

26

18

16

24

26

29

15

21

18

25

38

23

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school



60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION


Among all the political contents that you encounter on Facebook,how often do you encounter contents that present views

emphatically different from yours? Among those who tend to encounter political contents on Facebook (N=428)

5

6

12

22

9

9

7

9

6

15

13

9

6

12

46

42

55

53

47

17

26

13

9

20

8

7

10

7


secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONALATTAINMENT

TOTAL POPULATION

0% 10% or lower 11-25% 26-50% over 50% DK/NA

When you decide to look at a politically-themed post or article on Facebook, how much of a role do the following play…

Among those who encounter political contents on Facebook (N=428)%, averages on a scale from 0 to 100

21

18

14

15

23

21

6

7

32

35

3

3

what is theoriginal sourceof the news?

who shared it?

plays a major role 4 3 2 doesn't matter don't know

47

43

plays a major role

When you decide to look at a politically-themed post or article on Facebook, how much of a role does it play who shared it?

Among those who encounter political contents on Facebook (N=428)%, average values on a scale from 0-100

17

20

19

16

25

23

22

8

13

18

11

21

13

13

24

18

13

21

3

15

20

24

13

25

24

17

22

21

25

21

7

7

7

7

10

9

7

8

7

41

26

44

36

18

29

32

37

59

35

4

3

5

3

3

4

4

3

isn't interested



village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONAL…

TELJES NÉPESSÉG

plays a major role 4 3 2 doesn't matter DK/NA

39

51

38

41

57

49

46

38

27

43

nagy szerepet játszik

When you decide to look at a politically-themed post or article on Facebook, how much of a role does it play what the original news source was?

Among those who encounter political contents on Facebook (N=428)%, average values on a scale from 0-100

19

24

17

20

31

21

9

22

11

14

20

14

24

23

16

26

26

23

6

5

9

3

6

6

38

23

42

32

16

32

4

3

5

3

3

isn't interested



village

city/town

Budapest


TOTAL POPULATION

plays a major role 4 3 2 doesn't matter DK/NA

41

55

38

47

61

47

nagy szerepet játszik

Different ways in which people inform themselves

Modes of information ISummary of the results

• When they inform themselves about political issues, 42% ofthe pubic tend to prefer news and reports, while 10% aremore curious about opinions, comments. A significantportion, 41%, are interested in both.

• 60% of respondents claim to read or listen to news, and evenopinions, from the other side.

• Only a relatively small subset (7%) of the adult population canbe said to receive all their information exclusively from pro-government news sources. It is important to stress, however,that among the elderly and those with less education theshare of those whose media consumption pattern is narrow isabove average.

Modes of information IISummary of the results

• A more objective picture of the respondents’ news consumption pattern emerges when we examine what ratio of them regularly consult news sources that they assume will disseminate the views of the other side. Since the notion of “the other side” applies only to those with a party preference, those without such a preference were left out of this questions. The research suggests that 53% of respondents regularly consults media that they know belongs to the other side.*

• Commercial channels and public service media play a significant role in the consumption of media outlets “affiliated with the other political side”.

• When looking at the percentage of Hungarians who inform themselves from news sources that belong to the other side politically and that they simultaneously also regard as lacking in credibility, the ratio is far lower: 15%. The difference between the two figures shows that the categories of news sources that ‘convey the position of the other side’ and of news sources that ‘lack credibility’ do not at all completely overlap.

• In the entire public, RTL Klub is seen as the most credible source of news, followed by ATV and HVG, and then m1. Regional county-level dailies are seen as least credible, this type of news source is seen an as fully reliable by only 4% of the public.

* The analysis assumes the regular use of the following media outlets:: 24.hu, ATV, Echo TV, Hír TV, HVG, index.hu, Kossuth Rádió, m1, county newspapers, origo.hu, RTL Klub, TV2

Modes of information IIISummary of the results

• A substantial majority encounter contents that report about Fidesz corruption or presentcontents that are critical of the Fidesz government’s work. Government party supporters areless likely to see such news on a daily basis, but with some regularity the persons in thissegment, too, encounter such news.

• That is why it is interesting to consider how voters process and react to such information. Theresearch shows that when someone encounters news about a corruption scandal involving theirpreferred party, then the most typical reaction is that of disappointment. Another typicalreaction is that the news source becomes seen as lacking in credibility in this situation, peoplejust disbelieve these news because they think these are used to discredit their parties.

• Another impediment to the strong impact of negative news about the preferred party is thatwhen they encounter embarrassing news for their party, many voters will nevertheless concludethe party still has more accomplishments than flaws.

• The strategy of total avoidance and of shutting out other views is also relatively widespread:29% said that they try to filter out such news, and 25% (also) said that they try to avoid newssources that report about corruption involving their preferred political player.

• On the whole, the respective responses of persons with varying party backgrounds do not differmassively, but it is apparent that when it comes to government party supporters, they are farless likely to feel disappointed about contents that reveal transgressions of their own party thanopposition supporters, with the exception of Jobbik voters. In other words, government partysupporters are more likely to deflect such news and to focus on their party’s accomplishments.

When you inform yourself about politics/public affairs issues, which one of the following are you more interested in?


41

48

42

8

5

10

47

42

41

4

5

7

2014-15

2016

2018

news, reports opinions, comments both equally DK/NA

When you inform yourself about politics/public affairs issues, which one of the following are you more interested in?

percentage

43

41

39

48

40

45

42

9

11

9

13

11

10

10

38

45

39

33

45

41

41

9

3

14

5

4

4

7

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION


When you inform yourself about political/public affairs issues, what are you most interested in?

percentage

4141

48

3545

3949

4744

383938

42

615

6

811

127

912

1399

10

4439

39

5036

4436

3940

4541

40

41

95

7

685

8

555

1213

7

villagecity/townBudapest

TYPE OF MUNICIPALITYhigher education diploma

secondary educationvocational school

max. 8 years elementaryEDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older50-59 years40-49 years30-39 years18-29 years

AGETOTAL POPULATION


When you inform yourself about political/public affairs issues...


31

26

33

64

69

60

5

6

8

2014-15

2016

2018

looks for news sources and opinions that are close to their own views

is just as willing to read or listen to news and opinions from the other side

DK/NA

When you inform yourself about political/public affairs issues...

percentage

29

39

31

36

33

38

31

22

43

34

38

33

61

58

64

59

60

50

55

62

52

61

58

60

10

3

5

5

7

12

14

16

5

5

3

8

isn't interested



60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

looks for news sources and opinions that are close to their own views

is just as willing to read or listen to news and opinions from the other side

DK/NA

Those who inform themselves exclusively from pro-government* media

percentage

5

5

7

11

10

9

3

4

2

7


secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

The following media are categorized as pro-government media: TV2, m1, Echo TV, Kossuth Rádió, Petőfi Rádió, Lokál, Magyar Hírlap, Magyar Idők, Ripost, megyei napilapok, Demokrata, Figyelő, Lokál Extra, 888.hu, hirado.hu, magyaridok.hu, origo.hu, ripost.hu

The political placement of various news sources by the respondents


28

8

11

27

13

50

39

11

42

68

61

11

8

24

17

9

20

6

13

54

21

5

11

58

25

20

21

17

18

18

14

15

17

16

18

21

15

14

14

14

14

11

12

10

12

8

8

8

24

34

37

33

34

14

23

10

9

3

2

2

county newspapers

HVG

24.hu

origo.hu

index.hu

Kossuth Rádió

Echo TV

ATV

Hír TV

m1

TV2

RTL Klub

pro-government critical of the government neutral/balanced DK/NA never heard

The political placement of various news sources by the respondents

Among the consumers of the given media outlet

40

12

13

42

15

56

51

11

41

70

61

11

7

40

28

11

36

6

11

61

26

5

11

58

34

32

40

29

33

24

15

16

20

17

19

22

19

16

18

19

16

14

22

12

13

8

10

9

county newspapers

HVG

24.hu

origo.hu

index.hu

Kossuth Rádió

Echo TV

ATV

Hír TV

m1

TV2

RTL Klub

pro-government critical of the government neutral/balanced DK/NA

The credibility of news sourcesAs a percentage of the total population

%, average values on a scale from 0-100

4

7

4

4

8

8

11

5

14

6

9

12

16

16

14

15

24

21

19

16

23

16

21

31

23

23

21

21

34

29

23

23

26

23

32

32

13

11

10

8

14

14

13

8

14

8

13

10

9

12

8

6

10

8

11

5

12

6

6

6

35

32

42

46

9

19

23

44

11

43

19

10

county newspapers

Echo TV

origo.hu

24.hu

TV2

Hír TV

Kossuth Rádió

index.hu

m1

HVG

ATV

RTL Klub

completely credible 4 3 2 1 can't judge

47

48

48

51

52

52

52

53

54

54

55

59

hiteles

total population


opposition (without Jobbik)

Jobbikno party

preference

RTL Klub 59 53 68 62 57

ATV 55 52 60 53 54

HVG 54 53 59 52 49

m1 54 71 40 41 48

index.hu 53 56 53 55 48

Kossuth Rádió 52 69 40 40 45

Hír TV 52 63 45 46 48

TV2 52 64 42 44 47

24.hu 51 54 54 52 45

origo.hu 48 60 40 45 42

Echo TV 48 63 38 42 41

County newspapers

47 59 38 42 43

The credibility of news sourcesby party preference, average values on a scale from 0-100

The credibility of news sourcesAmong the consumers of the given media outlet

%, average values on a scale from 0-100

8

9

5

6

12

16

11

12

10

12

11

19

32

26

27

26

24

26

19

30

32

33

23

26

33

35

25

32

35

28

29

35

32

33

32

27

11

13

16

14

12

13

8

5

8

9

14

11

3

8

7

7

4

9

10

4

5

5

5

5

12

8

19

15

13

9

22

13

13

8

15

12

index.hu

TV2

county newspapers

origo.hu

ATV

m1

Echo TV

HVG

24.hu

RTL Klub

Hír TV

Kossuth Rádió

fully credible 4 3 2 1 can't judge

53

56

56

60

61

61

62

62

62

62

63

66

hiteles

Consumption of news sources that are seen as being affiliated with the other side* politically

The share of those who regularly inform themselves from the given news source among respondents with a party preference(N=841)

1

1

1

1

3

3

3

6

7

17

20

21

0 10 20 30

24.hu

HVG

origo.hu

index.hu

Echo TV

Hír TV

county newspapers

Kossuth Rádió

ATV

m1

RTL Klub

TV2

*For the sake of simplicity, we started from the assumption that our respondents were either pro-government or non-government supporting respondents, who classify the news sources as either pro-government or critical of the government

Public service media 19%

Total 53%

Consumption of news sources that are seen as being affiliated with the other side* politically which are seen as lacking credibility

The share of those who regularly inform themselves from the given news source among respondents with a party preference(N=841)

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

3

4

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

24.hu

county newspapers

HVG

index.hu

Echo TV

Hír TV

origo.hu

Kossuth Rádió

ATV

m1

TV2

RTL Klub

For the sake of simplicity, we based this on respondents who identified as either pro-government or critical of the government and evaluated news sources as being either pro-government or critical of the government.

Public service media 3%

Total 15%

How often do you encounter information in the press that criticises the work of the government or reports about corruption scandals involving Fidesz?


15

21

15

23

19

16

17

26

32

26

24

29

31

28

16

16

14

15

15

19

16

7

9

5

5

7

11

8

20

15

18

20

21

17

19

7

5

11

9

5

3

6

8

3

11

3

4

4

6

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

daily weekly or more often every few weeks monthly less frequently never DK/NA

How often do you encounter information in the press that criticises the work of the government or reports about corruption scandals involving Fidesz?


16

15

24

19

16

18

19

7

17

26

31

26

28

28

28

32

29

28

14

19

10

17

14

18

14

14

16

10

8

4

6

8

10

9

9

8

20

17

20

19

22

18

12

23

19

9

5

5

6

7

3

5

13

6

4

5

10

5

6

6

9

5

6

village

city/town

Budapest


60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION


And how often do you encounter information in the press that criticisesthe work of any of the opposition parties or reports about corruption

scandals involving them? As a percentage of the total population

6

3

9

5

4

2

5

11

9

13

9

10

9

11

10

7

8

7

9

10

9

20

16

18

13

17

21

18

30

39

29

33

32

39

33

16

23

14

30

24

16

19

6

3

9

2

3

4

5

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION


Please recall a situation when the press reported about a corruption scandal involving the political camp that you support or at least find somewhat appealing? What are your feelings and thoughts when that happens?


8

9

8

13

13

19

12

16

21

21

23

21

35

32

31

33

33

27

21

21

19

16

15

16

20

19

17

14

12

14

4

4

4

4

4

4

Doesn't feeling anything, he/she is doesn't care aboutcorruption

Tries to avoid the news source in the future

Tries to disregard and forget it as quickly as possible

Feels that the party's accomplishments outweigh itssins

Doesn't believe the information because he/shethinks they are trying to discredit the given party

Feels disappointed

Totally typical 4 3 2 not typical at all DK/NA


Average values on a scale from 0-100 among those who give a substantial answer

42

43

46

51

53

54

Doesn't feeling anything, he/she is doesn't careabout corruption



Feels that the party's accomplishments outweigh itssins

Doesn't believe the information because he/shethinks they are trying to discredit the given party

Feels disappointed


By party preferences, average values on a scale from 1-5

total population


opposition (without Jobbik)

Jobbikno party

preference

Feels disappointed 54 51 60 55 52

Doesn't believe the information because he/she thinks they are trying to discredit the given party

53 58 54 52 45

Feels that the party's accomplishment outweigh its sins

51 56 50 51 43


46 47 45 45 45


43 45 44 42 41

Doesn’t feeling anything, he/she is doesn’t care about corruption

42 42 36 39 47

Assessment of the media situation

Assessment of the media situation ISummary of the results

• According to 19% of the public, the biggest problem with the Hungarian media is the lack

of balance, the Fidesz dominance. This was the most frequently mentioned answer when

we asked an open-ended question. The second most frequently mentioned problem is

that one cannot believe the contents (12%). This is followed by problems that are

mentioned far less frequently, only a small portion of which concern the issue of political

information; this includes the notion that there is too much politics (1%) and that the

migrant issue is being over-emphasised by the media (1%)

• The majority of the Hungarian adult public (61%) believe that the Hungarian press is

biased, and as a result one cannot be well-informed since the position of one side or the

other will always be more dominant. A narrow majority (53%) of the governing party

supporters have a different take – they assess that one can get decent information; the

overwhelming majority of the rest of the population are dissatisfied with the present

situation, however.

• Roughly-three quarters of respondents perceive that Fidesz has a greater influence in the

media than the opposition, and only 3% perceive that opposition media are dominant.

Assessment of the media situation IISummary of the results

• The majority expect the press to uncover abuses in politics, andthey think it is vital that press outlets which report criticallyabout the government reach the public. There is also fairlywidespread agreement with the statement that “the continuousgrowth in the segment of the media controlled by Fidesz isdisconcerting”.

• However, the proportion of those who are annoyed by the manyoutlets where information is published that casts thegovernment or Fidesz in a negative light is also substantial (31%).

• Another vital result concerning the way information is processedis that two-thirds of Fidesz voters perceive that the oppositionpress routinely tries to discredit the government with falseclaims.

Is there something in the Hungarian media that you consider a problem, that disturbs you for some reason?


46

1

1

6

0

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

5

12

19

DK/NA

isn't interested in the issue

there are no problems

other

lot of replays

the migration issue is continuosly covered

the low quality of broadcasts (too much tabloid content)

too much politics

too much violent and scary content

opposition media attack the government and keep it from doing its work

one doesn't know whom to believe because all of the are biased for their party

the parties attack and smear each other

too much advertising

one can't believe them

it is not balanced, it is characterised by Fidesz dominance

There are those who say either 1) that one can inform themselves properly from the Hungarian media, one can learn what the reality is, while still others say that

2) or that the Hungarian media are biased, and that the views of one side can greater coverage than the views of the other.

Which view do you tend to agree with?As a percentage of the total population

35

31

57

61

9

8

2016

2018

agree with the first agree with the second DK/NA

30

33

21

18

15

53

31

61

61

61

80

81

43

61

10

6

18

2

5

5

8

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

agree with the first agree with the second DK/NA

There are those who say either 1) that one can inform themselves properly from the Hungarian media, one can learn what the reality is, while still others say that 2) or that the Hungarian media are biased, and that the views of one side can greater

coverage than the views of the other. Which view do you tend to agree with?


28

31

33

25

29

28

43

31

63

62

54

69

61

66

48

61

9

6

13

6

10

7

9

8

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school



TOTAL POPULATION

the first the second DK/NA

There are those who say either 1) that one can inform themselves properly from the Hungarian media, one can learn what the reality is, while still others say that 2) or that the Hungarian media are biased, and that the views of one side can greater coverage than the

views of the other. Which view do you tend to agree with?


In your opinion, which political side/party has a great influence in the Hungarian media?

As a percentage of the entire population

64

73

7

3

21

17

8

7

2016

2018

Fidesz the opposition* neither, the media is balanced DK/NA

*In 2016 the options were as follows: Fidesz; the left; neither, the media is balanced.


percentage

72

74

70

86

83

65

73

2

5

1

5

3

4

3

17

17

15

4

10

27

17

9

4

14

5

4

4

7

isn't interested



no party preference

Jobbik



PARTY PREFERENCE

TOTAL POPULATION

Fidesz the opposition neither, the media is balanced DK/NA


percentage

76

78

53

73

73

77

66

67

77

76

70

83

73

1

2

7

3

4

2

2

4

1

1

5

2

3

12

14

33

20

15

15

20

20

14

17

18

10

17

11

5

7

4

8

6

12

9

7

6

7

5

7

village

city/town

Budapest



secondary education

vocational school


EDUCATIONAL…

60 years or older

50-59 years

40-49 years

30-39 years

18-29 years

AGE

TOTAL POPULATION

Fidesz the opposition neither, the media is balanced DK/NA

Opinions about the mediaAs a percentage of the total population

13

16

34

25

37

44

18

21

17

28

27

25

28

26

17

24

25

20

18

15

13

11

5

5

21

18

16

11

3

3

3

4

3

2

2

2

It's annoying to see in how many places one finds informationthat casts the activities of the government and Fidesz in a

negative light

The opposition press typically uses untrue statements todiscredit the government

It is disconcerting that the media is increasingly in Fidesz'shands

It is natural that those in government seek to ensure that onlytheir position reaches the public while that of the opposition

doesn't

It is important that audience has an access to press productsthat critically cover the activities of the government and of the

politicians, entrepreneurs affiliated with the government

The role of the press is to uncover abuses in politics

fully agrees 4 3 2 doesn't agree at all DK/NA

Opinions about the mediaAverage values on a scale from 0-100

46

51

60

62

73

76

It’s annoying to see in how many places one finds information that casts the activities of the government and

Fidesz in a negative light

The opposition press typically uses untrue statements todiscredit the government

It is disconcerting that the media is increasingly in Fidesz’s hands

It is natural that those in government seek to ensure thatonly their position reaches the public while that of the

opposition doesn't

It is important that audience has an access to press productsthat critically cover the activities of the government and of

the politicians, entrepreneurs affiliated with the government


Opinions about the mediaAverage values on a scale from 0-100, by party preference

total population

government supporters

opposition (wihout Jobbik)

Jobbikno party

preference


76 71 81 77 78

It is important that audience has an access to press products that critically cover the activities of the government and of the politicians, entrepreneurs affiliated with the government

73 66 80 77 75

It is natural that those in government seek to ensure that only their position reaches the public while that of the opposition doesn’t

62 70 56 57 58

It is disconcerting that the media is increasingly in Fidesz’s hands

60 30 85 81 71

The opposition press typically uses untrue statements to discredit the government

51 67 36 43 45

It’s annoying to see in how many places one finds information that casts the activities of the government and Fidesz in a negative light

46 60 35 38 40

sources of political information in hungary...mérték media monitor 2018. november sources of...

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