Sources for Toronto, Ontario

Currency• Sources for U.S. cities:

Gross Metropolitan Product: Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm)

Employment total : U.S. Census Bureau: 2006-2011 American Community Survey (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3651000lk.html)

Fortune 500 Companies (2012): (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/)

Per capita income: U.S. Census Bureau: 2006-2011 American Community Survey (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3651000lk.html)

Top High-Tech Cities: Milken Institute’s North America High Tech 2007 metro rank (http://www.milkeninstitute.org/nahightech/nahightech.taf)

Patent Grants: (http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/county.pdf)

Currency• Sources for Toronto:

Gross Metropolitan Product: Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development/OECD (http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=METRO)

Employment total (2007): http://www.toronto.ca/pdf/ward-profile-summary.pdf Fortune 500 Companies (2012):

http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/countries/Canada.html Per capita income: $38,997 (city), $38,100 (region) [Toronto Economic Indicators, July

2010: http://www.investtoronto.ca/Business-Toronto/Business-Environment/Toronto-Economic-Indicators,-July-2010.aspx]

Top High-Tech Cities: Milken Institute’s North America High Tech 2007 metro rank (http://www.milkeninstitute.org/nahightech/nahightech.taf)

Patent Grants: (http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/savoir/indicateurs/brevets/inventions_rmr.htm)

Cosmopolitanism• Sources for U.S. cities:

Immigrants: U.S. Census Bureau: 2006-2011 American Community Survey (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3651000lk.html)

Foreign Tourists: U.S. Census Bureau: 2006-2011 American Community Survey (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3651000lk.html)

Airline passengers – international: Represents the total number of international passengers for each city’s airport. In the case where a city has two airports the totals were combined. New York (JFK, LGA) Chicago (MDW, ORD) San Francisco (SFO) Los Angeles (LAX) (2005–2007 average)

Number of embassy and consular offices is extracted from various sources (Google keywords: embassy, consular office, “name of city”)

Globalization and World City Rank is obtained from the World according to GaWC 2010 (http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html)

Global Network Connectivity: Taylor and Lang (2005), p. 4 ‘‘Defined cities broadly as ‘city-regions’ or metropolitan areas, but in practice the service offices considered were largely concentrated in the central city, especially in downtowns. p. 3 ‘‘The ‘connectivities’ represents the interconnectedness of cities via firm location in six key producer service sectors—accounting, advertising, banking/finance, insurance, law, and management consulting” (2000).

Cosmopolitanism• Sources for Toronto:

Immigrants: City of Toronto Ward Profiles Summary (http://www.toronto.ca/pdf/ward-profile-summary.pdf) and Immigration in Canada – a portrait of the foreign-born population, 2006 Census (Portraits of major metropolitan centres) [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-557/p24-eng.cfm]

Foreign Tourists: Spreading the word – Tourism Toronto annual report 2009 (http://www.seetorontonow.com/web.cms/pdf/TTAnnualReport2009.pdf)

Airline passengers – international: 2010 Lester B. Pearson International Airport (enplaned + deplaned) passengers (http://www.torontopearson.com/uploadedFiles/B2B/Content/Air_Services/PassengerTraffic_Feb_2011.pdf)

Number of embassy and consular offices is extracted from various sources (Google keywords: embassy, consular office, Toronto)

Globalization and World City Rank is obtained from the World according to GaWC 2010 (http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html)

Global Network Connectivity: Taylor and Lang (2005), p. 4 ‘‘Defined cities broadly as ‘city-regions’ or metropolitan areas, but in practice the service offices considered were largely concentrated in the central city, especially in downtowns. p. 3 ‘‘The ‘connectivities’ represents the interconnectedness of cities via firm location in six key producer service sectors—accounting, advertising, banking/finance, insurance, law, and management consulting” (2000).

Concentration• Central city population: for 2010 U.S. cities’ population (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/index.html), for 2011

Toronto’s population (http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3520005)

• Metropolitan population: for 2010 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas/MSAs’ population (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-01.csv), for 2011 Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)’s population (http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=535&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1)

• Downtown Toronto consists of portions of Ward 20, 27 and 28. Approximate calculation is made to estimate number of population living in the downtown area and CBD share of urban employment using the following source of information:– Ward Profiles Summary (http://www.toronto.ca/pdf/ward-profile-summary.pdf)– Ward Profiles Summary (http://app.toronto.ca/wards/jsp/wards.jsp )

• The following definition is used in the calculation:– Central City refers to City of Toronto (2010 population: 2,503,280)– Downtown Toronto refers to portions of Ward 20, 27 and 28– Toronto city-region refers to Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) with 2011 population of 5,583,064

• Density gradient is obtained from Bunting, Trudy et al. 2007. Density, Size, Dispersion: Towards understanding the structural dynamics of mid-size cities. Canadian Journal of Urban Research 16 (2)

• Percentage commuting to work via public transportation can be found at (http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=90657&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=76&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=)

Charisma• Bohemian index is obtained from the following:

– Latest index score for New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Toronto (2010): http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/06/bohemian-index/57658/

– Bohemian index score for Chicago: Florida, Richard. 2005. Cities and The Creative Class. Pp. 177-178

– Note: • Since Florida does not create rank for U.S. and Canadian cities, I use the bohemian index score

rather than bohemian index ranking.• The higher the index score, the higher the position of a city in the rank

• American City Business Journal only ranked 50 largest US metro areas for amenity richness. The survey did not include Canadian cities

• Internet Movie Database Titles refer to the how frequent movies use Toronto as a reference (www.imdb.com)