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Sound Fundamentals A comprehensive paperless method for beginning band

Sound Fundamental books:

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Sound Fundamentals - Conductor Score

Sound Fundamentals - Flute

Sound Fundamentals - Clarinet

Sound Fundamentals - Bass Clarinet

Sound Fundamentals - Alto Saxophone

Sound Fundamentals - Tenor Saxophone

Sound Fundamentals - Baritone Saxophone

Sound Fundamentals - Trumpet

Sound Fundamentals - Trombone

Sound Fundamentals - Baritone

Sound Fundamentals - Tuba

Sound Fundamentals - Bass Guitar

Sound Fundamentals - Mallet Percussion

Sound Fundamentals - Percussion

Copyright © 2014 by PDF Band Music. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this publication may be replicated, redistributed, or given away in any form without the prior written consent of the publisher or the terms relayed to you herein. Tom Tucker, Owner, PDF Band Music, 11341 N Avondale Loop, Hayden Lake, ID, USA

By:

Tom Tucker Tom Donaldson

Consultants/Instrument Specialists:

Jerry Frazier

Ron Judd

Lee Shook

Jeffrey T. Parthun, Sr.

3

Table of Contents

Percussion Basics

Lessons 1 - 8

Lessons 9 - 16

Lessons 17 - 26

Lessons 27 - 39

Lessons 40 - 46

Lessons 47 - 54

Lessons 55 - 64

Lessons 65 - 77

Lessons 78 - 89

Lessons 90 - 95

Lessons 96 - 113

Lessons 114 - 130

Lessons 131 - 137

Lessons 138 - 146

Songs to Play

Rhythm Studies

Snare Studies

Rudiments

4

Percussion Basics

Start by watching these helpful videos.

If your device does not play the embedded videos, use the following YouTube links:

1. What equipment is needed

2. Gripping the sticks

3. Some music terms

4. Rebound Strokes

Playing the Bass Drum

Playing the Triangle

Playing the tambourine

Playing the Woodblock

5

Staff - 5 lines used to read music.

Neutral Clef Sign - Sign used by percussion instruments to read music

Time Signature - The number of beats per measure and the kind of note that receives one beat.

Measure (Bar) Line - A vertical line which divides the staff into measures.

Measure - The space between two measure (bar) lines.

Double Bar - The end of a section of music.

The Rhythm Tree

6

Lessons 1 - 8

1. OUR FIRST NOTE

2. A NEW NOTE

3. UP AND DOWN

4. WATCH YOUR RESTS

5. LOTS OF BREATH

First Notes and Rests

Quarter Note - 1 beat in 4/4 time

Quarter Rest - 1 beat in 4/4 time

Whole note - 4 beats in 4/4 time

Whole rest- 4 beats in 4/4 time

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Same rest value

Tip: When counting quarter notes and rests, we often say “and” between the numbers. We use the “+” to indicate “and.”

7

6. DIVIDE AND CONQUER

1. Divide into part A or part B

2. At the end of the 1st line continue on to the next line

7. BRASS AND WOODWIND DEBATE

8. DRUMS TO THE FRONT

Quick Review

Measure (bar) Line Divides the staff into measures

Measure Space between two measure lines

How many measures in “DRUMS TO THE FRONT”?

What are the lines called at the end of a section?

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Turn to page 71 for fun snare drum warm-ups

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Lessons 9 - 16

2 counts Half

Note

Half

Rest 2 counts

9. HOW ABOUT A HALF NOTE

10. DIVIDE AND COUNT

Attention: Rests are important. Be sure to count rests.

11. ALL BY YOURSELF

Clapping Practice

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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12. MORE HALF NOTES

13. HALF NOTE TESTER

14. HALF AS MUCH

15. TAKE A BREATHER

16. HALF NOTE STOMP SYMPHONY

The Time Signature - At the beginning of every song you will find a time signature. The time signature indicates the number of beats in each meas-ure and what kind of note receives one beat. Every song you have played to this point has 4 beats in each measure.

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

10

Multiple Bounce

Allow stick to bounce freely on the drum head. This is the first step in learning the drum roll.

Lessons 17 - 26

17. STAY IN LINE

18. WHOLE LOT OF BREATH

Hold the bass drum mallet in your right hand just like you hold a snare drum stick. The beating spot is halfway below the center of the head and the rim. Your left hand muffles the ring of the bass drum. Place your open left hand on the same head that you strike, about 6 inches below the top rim.

Bass Drum

Usually notated on the bottom space of the staff

Snare Drum Multiple Bound and Bass Drum Practice

Rhythm Practice - Count Aloud and Clap

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

= or =

When practicing multiple bounce keep a steady tempo.

Turn to page 71 for more buzz practice

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Eighth Notes - receive 1/2 beat in 4/4/ time

19. THE COUNT IS IN - DUET

20. IT’S ALL ABOUT QUARTERS

21. ALMOST LIKE A MELODY

22. COUNT THOSE RESTS

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

=

12

25. LET’S MOVE IT

23. MINOR MOOD

26. OFF TO THE RACES

24. UP AND DOWN DRUMMER

The Time Signature

Indicates how many beats in each measure and what kind of note receives one beat.

= 4 beats in each measure

= The quarter note receives one beat

13

Review

Circle the note that will complete the measure

1 2 3 4

Music Math Quiz

+ - =

+ + =

Whole rest

o o

M

A

T

C

H

I

N

G

Time signature o o

Staff o o

Quarter rest

o o

Check Your Answers

5 6 7 8

14

Lessons 27 - 39

27. HEADIN’ DOWN

28. HOT CROSS BUNS

29. FIRESIDE MEETING

Single Paradiddle

Your 1st rudiment. A rudiment is a special sticking combination for snare drum. Practice slowly and evenly.

Correct Sticking

Correct sticking is important!

Always alternate hands to develop great technique.

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Turn to page 74 for a cool paradiddle exercise

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30. JINGLE BELLS

32. WALKIN’ IN SUNSHINE

31. FRENCH FOLK SONG

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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33. MARY’S MISSING NOTES 1. Sing ‘Mary Had a Little Lamb’

2. On a piece of paper, write out the song with the missing rhythms

3. Play the song

34. LAP-CLAP RHYTHM RAP

35. SNAKE CHARMER

The Accent Mark -

An accent mark above or below a note means to stress or place emphasis on the note. The accent mark does not mean to play the note

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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36. SHOULD I PLAY?

38. SOME FOLKS DO

37. MESS AROUND WITH BARS 1. Draw the missing bar lines

2. Play the song

3. Play the song backwards

39. AU CLAIRE DE LA LUNE

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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Lessons 40 - 46

New Rudiment - Flam

40. GEE, IT’S A “G”

42. VARIATION ON A FRENCH FOLK SONG

The Repeat Sign

Variation— A different version of a theme

Variation - A variation is a change of rhythm, melody or harmony of a theme.

41. VARIATION ON HOT CROSS BUNS

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

The small note (grace note) has no rhythm value. To play a flam, hold one stick 2” from drum head. Hold the other stick in the normal play position. Move the sticks at the same time to play. One stick will hit the head before the other and create the flam.

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43. MOZART MELODY

44. LET’S PLAY IN HARMONY

BONUS LINE - Practice Slowly - Gradually Increase Speed

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Triangle - The triangle is played by striking the side opposite the open corner using a metal beater.

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45. A CHRISTMAS TUNE – BAND ARRANGEMENT

Sheet Music Reading Basics

Tempo - how fast to play - Tempo markings are usually in Italian and found above the staff. The tempo marking for A Christmas Tune is Allegro which means to play a fast, lively tempo.

Dynamics - how loud or soft to play - Usually written in Italian and located below the

staff. The beginning of A Christmas Tune is ‘f’ and should be played loudly.

Examples: f - forte-loud, mf - mezzo forte - medium loud, p - piano - soft

Tempo This is a rehearsal number. It helps us practice together.

Dynamic

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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Dynamic Markings

f - forte (play loudly) mf - mezzo forte (play moderately loud)

mp - mezzo piano (play moderately soft) p - piano (play softly)

46.

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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Lessons 47 - 54

47. SABRE MARCH

49. GOOD KING WENCESLAS

A New Time Signature

= 2 Beats per measure

= Quarter note receives 1 beat

The Tie

A tie combines two or more notes.

48. OLD MCDONALD

2/4 Rhythm Practice - clap and count aloud

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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51. ANOTHER ROUND

50. UP, DOWN, IT’S A ROUND

52. BINGO ARRANGEMENT

1. Play and repeat for practice

2. Divide band into 3 groups

a. Group 1 start at beginning

b. Group 2 start at beginning when group 1 reaches #1 in the music

c. Group 3 start at beginning when group 1 reaches #2 in the music

Repeat Sign

Repeat back to #5

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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53. COUNT TO FIVE

54. LUCKY SEVEN

Time Signature Reminder

Top

number = Beats per measure

Bottom number =

The type of note which receives 1 beat

Fact: In many world cultures, time signatures with 5, 7 or even 11 beats per measure are common.

Time signatures can be confusing. Look at the exercises below.

Clapping 5/4

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Turn to page 74 for extra flam practice

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Review

Draw the missing bar lines

Enter the correct sticking:

Paradiddles Flams

Check Your Answers

Complete the measures with one note

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Lessons 55 - 64

55. OH SUSANNA

Pick Up Note(s)

Note or notes that come before the first full measure of a song.

Clapping Compare #2

Clapping Compare #1

1. Is there a difference in rhythm between #1 and #2?

2. What do you think happened to the last beat of Clapping Compare #2?

Tip: Silently count the beats leading up to the pick up note(s). If the pick up note(s) is on beat 4, silently count 1-2-3. If the pick up note(s) begins on beat 2 of a measure, it is best to silently count an extra measure plus one beat. 1-2-3-4 | 1

Clapping Practice

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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56. WHEN THE SAINTS GO MARCHING IN— OOMPA STYLE

57. RED RIVER VALLEY

Counting Pick Up Notes - Find the bar line for the first full measure, and then count

backwards to the starting beat.

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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Link to mp3 Files

58. JOLLY OLD SAINT NICK

1st and 2nd Endings

2nd time: Skip 1st ending, play 2nd ending.

59. PROCESSIONAL MARCH

More Multiple Bounce Practice

Rudiments

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60. CUCKOO MARCH

61. SHOO, FLY

Sight Reading Reminder:

1. Tempo - how fast should the song be played?

2. Dynamics - how loud or soft should the song be played?

3. Time Signature - how many counts in each measure?

Internal Repeat

Repeat music between signs.

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62. ALL TIED UP

New Rudiment - Flam Tap

64. SKIP TO MY LOU

63. MARCH OF THE CZARS

Play flam - keep left hand up and tap with right hand. Alternate flam sticking.

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Lessons 65 - 77

Dotted Half Note

A dot following a note adds 1/2 of the value of the note to itself. For example: a dotted half note gets 3 beats - a half note is 2 beats, 1/2 of 2 is 1, therefore, 1 + 2 = 3

65. THE JUMPING BEANS SONG

Dotted half note

3 beats

=

A New Time Signature

= 3 beats per measure

= Quarter note receives 1 beat

Clapping Practice

66. SOUTHERN ROSES

Moderato - A tempo marking meaning a medium tempo.

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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Multiple Bounce Eighth Notes

Play evenly - Connect the notes

67. WIND AND WILLOWS

68. TIME TO SAY GOODNIGHT

69. WALTZ DUO

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Turn to page 72 for important 8th note roll exercises.

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70. EIGHTH NOTE RIDDLE

71. IT’S MARY AGAIN

Clapping Practice All

72. SKIP TO MY LOU

73. POLLY WOLLY DOODLE RETURNS

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Eighth Note Rest

Receives a half (1/2) count in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time

Sixteenth Notes

Receive 1/4 count in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time.

Drummers Only

Name this rudiment

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77. CAMPTOWN RACES

75. JOLLY OLD SAINT NICK RETURNS

74. LIGHTLY ROW

mp - medium soft f - loud

76. STOMP-CLAP ETUDE

Practice slowly - increase speed

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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80. TWINKLE TWINKLE

78 . NEW NOTE PRELUDE

Lessons 78 - 89

New Rudiment

Double Paradiddle

D.C. Al Fine

Go back to the begin-ning and play until Fine.

Are you standing up straight when you play?

Good posture is important. Practice

79. DOWN IN THE VALLEY

Flam Tap

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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81. ODE TO JOY

82. BOOGIE BEAT

83. RHYTHM RAP 1. Divide into 3 groups

2. Clap, Hit, Stomp, or whatever you want

3. Repeat each 1-measure phrase until directed to come in on your part

4. Have fun...make up your own rhythms

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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84. THEME FROM ‘THE NUTCRACKER”

Fermata: Hold the note longer or until directed to release the note by the conductor

Terms and Symbols

Legato: A style of playing. Play smoothly and connected.

Staccato: A dot over or under a note means to play the note short or detached.

There is much to think about when you play music

Staccato Accent

Fermata

Tempo

85. THE CARNIVAL OF VENICE - OOMPAH STYLE

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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86. THE SNAKE CHARMER - revisited

87. HYMN ‘OLD 100TH’

88. HOLE IN THE BUCKET

89. BRAHMS SYMPHONY THEME

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Measure Repeat Sign

Repeat the preceding measure

New Rudiment: Flam Accent

39

Woodblock (W.B.)

Play with stick or mallet near the center of the top part.

90. WIND THE CLOCK

Lessons 90 - 95

Woodblock Practice #1

Woodblock(s) and Snare #2

91. TIE ME JACKAL UP

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

40

Sixteenth Notes

The Orchestra Roll

Connect the notes and play evenly with buzzing sound.

=

=

=

92. ROCK IT

94. Experts Etude

93. HERE WE GO!

Same rest value

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Receives 1/4 beat in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time.

Turn to page 73 for more 16th note roll exercises

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Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

95.

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Lessons 96 - 113

96. THE KEY WALTZ

Nine Stroke Roll

97. SYMPHONIC THEME

9 Stroke Practice 2

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Rolls that use 5 alternations are very common and are called “9-stroke” rolls. The video shows how a rudimental or a marching band drummer plays a 9-stroke roll.

Link to YouTube Example

9 Stroke Practice 1

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98. ACCIDENTAL SPEED BUMP

99. LOTUS BLOSSOM

100. CZECH DANCE

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

44

101. AURA LEE

Other Common Percussion Instruments

Tambourine (Tamb.) - Play with fingertips, knuckles or heel of hand.

Percussion practice

102. IT’S COOL TO BE NATURAL

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Cowbell - Hold open end away from you and strike the open end with a stick.

Cross-stick - play by clicking the drumstick, which is laid on top of the drumhead, against the rim of the snare drum.

45

104. WALTZ MELODY

103. BETTER BE BLUES

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

46

105. NEW NOTE WALTZ

Old Scout Drum Solo

106. SLURRY WALTZ

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Five Stroke Roll

Rolls that use 3 alternations are very common and are called “5-stroke” rolls. The video shows how a rudimental or a marching band drummer plays a 5-stroke roll.

Link to YouTube Example

47

107. NEW NOTE STUDY

108. WATCH THE FLATS

109. STARVED FOR FLATS

110. GO TO THE CIRCUS

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

48

Ritardando

rit. - Means to gradually slow down

Caesura or Grand Pause

This is a pause in the music. Watch the conductor.

111. CHESTER

Terms that make music more musical

Common Dynamic Markings

mf mezzo forte medium loud

f forte loud

mp mezzo piano medium soft

p piano soft

Common Tempo Markings

Moderato A moderate tempo

Andante Moderately slow tempo

Allegro Lively tempo

Vivace A fast tempo

112. POLOVTSAIN DANCE

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

49

113.

Multiple Measure Rest

Rests which are longer than one measure

Count: 1 2 3 4 | 2 2 3 4

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

50

Name the following rudiments

1.

2. 3.

Review

Name the following rudiments

4.

5. 6.

Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)

+ x =

+ - =

medium soft

o o M

A

T

C

H

I

N

G

loud

o o

staccato

o o

fermata

o o

soft o o

medium loud o o

Check Your Answers

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114. CLARINET CORNER

Lessons 114 - 130

115. MINOR CLARINET PROBLEM

On this page, clarinets will learn to ‘cross the break.’ This allows clarinets to play high notes.

116. LEAPS AND SLURS

Internal Key Changes - Composers insert new key signatures into music to create musical variety. In exercise 114. Clarinet Corner, the key signature changes two times.

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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In 4/4, 3/4 and 2/4 time

= 1 beat

Sixteenth note review

118. NEW NOTE WARM UP

120. HIGH AND STEADY

117. LEOPARD LEAP

119. MINOR PRELUDE - arrangement

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

Eighth note and two sixteenth notes review

=

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122. SMOOTHLY FLOWING

SNARE DRUM - STREET MARCH

121. MINOR BREATH ISSUE

124. SLIDING DOWN THE ROAD

Link to mp3 Files

123. WAVE GOODBYE

Rudiments

Tambourine Shake - Shake the tambourine with one hand. Stop the shake on the tied note with the fist of the opposite hand.

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126. SHE FLEW-HE’S BLUE

125. HE FLEW-SHE’S BLUE

128. Eb CONCERT SCALE - FLAM ACCENT PRACTICE

Link to mp3 Files

127. Bb CONCERT SCALE - PARADIDDLE PRACTICE

Rudiments

55

129. LET’S WARM UP TOGETHER

130. UNCLE JOHN’S SHORT SHORTS

1. 1st time - all clap and stomp part B (drums as written)

2. 2nd time - divide parts

3. Have fun and experiment with parts

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

56

Lessons 131 - 136

Dotted Quarter Note

In 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 time, a dotted quarter note receives one and a half beats.

=

Dotted quarter notes can be tricky. Be sure to count aloud and practice carefully.

Practice 1

Practice 3

Practice 2 - with percussion

131. HONOR PATROL

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

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135. THEME FROM THE ‘NEW WORLD SYMPHONY’

132. DOTTED WALTZ

133. HALF A SCALE

134. ALONE, BUT NOT AFRAID

Watch the internal repeat

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

58

137.

136. HI-LO DUET

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

59

Lessons 138 - 146

Syncopation

A change in the rhythm which accents the offbeat or ‘+.’

Practice 3

Crescendo

or cresc.

Gradually get louder

Diminuendo

or Dim.

Gradually get softer

Practice 2

Practice 1

Practice 5

Practice 4

Practice 6

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

60

138. SYNCOPATE THIS

139. SYNCOPATE THAT

140. SYNCO-AFTER-BEATS

141. RUSSIAN SAILOR’S DANCE

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

61

142. MY BONNY LIES OVER THE OCEAN

D.S. al Fine

Go back to the sign. End at Fine

143. THE MARINE’S HYMN

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

62

146. AMAZING GRACE

145. EINE KLEINE NACHTMUSIK - MOZART

144. AMERICA

Link to mp3 Files

Rudiments

63

Review

Check the facts

Diminuendo

This is a fermata This means to gradually get louder

This means to gradually get louder

A. True B. False A. True B. False A. True B. False

Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)

- + =

X - =

M

A

T

C

H

I

N

G

Crescendo o o Majestically

Maestoso

o o

o o

Decrescendo

o o

D.S. o o

Check Your Answers

64

SONGS TO PLAY

Songs to Play selections are not available in the free edition of Sound

Fundamentals . You are encouraged to explore the large selection of quality music for beginning and young bands available at

http://pdfbandmusic.com.

Recommended Beginning Band titles:

Fanfare on ‘Deck the Halls’

‘bout Time for Christmas

March Centaur

Holiday Spirit

Bingo Rocks

Banuwa

Hollow Penyo Hop

A Little Cha Cha

Acclaim

Deep Water Bridge

March Onward

Not Now Mama

Radiant Fanfare

Stick Men

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

Drum Rudiments

76

77

78

Answers

Circle the note that will complete the measure

1 2 3 4

Music Math Quiz

+ - = 5

+ + = 10

Whole rest

o o

M

A

T

C

H

I

N

G

Time signature o o

Staff o o

Quarter rest

o o

Back to Quiz Page

5 6 7 8

79

Review

Draw the missing bar lines

Back to Quiz

Complete the measures with one note

Enter the correct sticking:

Paradiddles Flams

80

Review

Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)

+ x = 12

+ - = 2 1/2

medium soft

o o M

A

T

C

H

I

N

G

loud

o o

staccato

o o

fermata

o o

soft o o

medium loud o o

Back to Quiz

Name the following rudiments

1.

2. 3.

Paradiddle Flam Tap Flam Accent

Name the following rudiments

4.

5. 6.

Nine stroke roll Double Paradiddle Flam

81

Review

Check the facts

Diminuendo

This is a fermata This means to gradually get louder

This means to gradually get louder

A. True B. False A. True B. False A. True B. False

Music Math Quiz ( assuming 4/4 time)

- + = 6 1/2

X - = 2 1/2

M

A

T

C

H

I

N

G

Crescendo o o Majestically

Maestoso

o o

o o

Decrescendo

o o

D.S. o o

Back to Quiz