sorption studies of heavy metal ions on a novel chelating resin [stripping of mercury ii]

8/7/2019 Sorption Studies of Heavy Metal Ions on a Novel Chelating Resin [Stripping of Mercury II]

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Environ mental Poilu tion 48 (1987) 213-222

S o r p t i o n S t u d i e s o f H e a v y M e t a l I o n s o n a N o v e lC h e l a t i n g R e s i n a n d i t s A p p l i c a t i o n i n t h e S t r i p p i n g o fM e r c u r y ( I I )

L u c y J o s e p h & V . N . S i v a s a n k a r a P i ll aiDepartment o f A pplied Chemistry,Cochin University of Science and Techno logy, Cochin 682022, India

(Received 29 Janua ry 1987; accep ted 15 Jun e, 1987)

A B S T R A C TA che la t ing res in con ta in ing a s tab le t h io l grou p w as syn thes i sed , u s ingpo lys t y re ne as t he s tar t ing m a ter ia l . T he res in is s tab le t ow a rds conc . H C I ,O 'I M H N O 3 a n d O ' lM N a O H . T h e r e s in s h o w s a f f i n i ty t o w a r d s A g + , H g 2+ ,B i 3 +, Pb 2 +, Cu 2 +, Z n 2 + a n d C d 2 + . E x t r a c t i o n o f t h e se m e t a l i o ns a s a

f u n c t i o n o f p H , k i n e t i c s o f e x c h a n g e a n d b r e a k th r o u g h c a p a ci ti es i seva lua ted . The se l ec t i v i t y o f t he re s in fo r t he m e ta l i ons is in t he orderA g + > H g 2+ > C u 2+ > P b z+ > C d 2+ > Z n z + . The equ i f i br ium cons tan t s

f o r e x c h a n g e a n d k i n e t i c s o f e x c h a n g e a r e f a v o u r a b l e .f or t h e r e c o v e ry o fm e r c u r y f r o m l e a n s o u r c es . A p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e r es i n in t h e s t r ip p i n g o f m e r c u r yf r o m c h l o r - a l k a li p l a n t a f f lu e n t, a n d i n t he e n r i c h m e n t o f m e r c u r y f r o m s e a -w a t e r , h a v e b e e n i n v e st ig a t e d . M e r c u r y s o r b e d r e s in c a n b e r e g e n e r a t e d u s i n g5 % th iourea in O 'IM H C l .

I N T R O D U C T I O NA l a rg e n u m b e r o f c h e l a t i n g re s in s h a v e b e e n s y n t h e s i s e d a n d i n v e s t ig a t e db y d i ff e re n t w o r k e r s f o r t h e s e p a r a t i o n , r e m o v a l , a n d r e c o v e r y o f m e t a l i o n s,e i t h e r f o r p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l o r f o r r a w m a t e r i a l r e c o v er y . S i nc e p o l y s t y r e n e i sr e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e a n d is s u ff i c ie n t ly d u r a b l e , i t h a s b e e n e x t e n s i v e l y u s e d a s am a t r i x i n t h e s y n t h e s i s o f c h e l a t i n g r e si n s. T h e e f f i ci e n cy o f a c h e l a t i n g r e s i nis a t t r i b u t e d t o f a c t o r s l i ke f a s t s o r p t i o n k i n e t ic s , s t a b i l it y o f t h e m a t r i x ,r e s i s t a n c e t o h y d r o l y s i s , h i g h s e l e c t i v i t y a n d r e v e r s i b l e c o m p l e x a t i o n . T h e

213Environ. Pollut. 0269-7491/87/$03'50 Elsevier Ap plied Science Pub lishers L td , England ,1987. Printed in Gre at Britain


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214 L uo ' Joseph , V . N . S i vasanka ra P i l la is u l p h u r - c o n t a i n i n g l i g a n d s a r e f o u n d t o b e m o r e s e le c ti ve t o w a r d s h e a v ym e t a l i o n s t h a n t h e i r n i t r o g e n a n d o x y g e n a n a l o g u e s ( B e a m i s h , 1 9 6 7 ;M o y e r s & F r it z, 1 97 6) a n d t h u s h a v e a t t r a c t e d a t t e n t i o n b e c a u s e o f th e i ri n c r e a s e d a p p l i c a t i o n i n e f f lu e n t t r e a t m e n t a n d a n a l y t ic a l c h e m i s t r y .A l t h o u g h a n u m b e r o f in v e s ti g a ti o n s h a v e b e e n d o n e o n t he s e m a t er i a ls(Pa r r i s h , 1 9 5 6 ; Eg awa e t a l . , 1979; Slovak e t a l . , 1 9 7 9 , S l o v a k & D o c e k e l ,1 9 8 0 ) , o n l y v e r y f e w h a v e f o u n d i n d u s t r i a l a c c e p t a n c e . C h e l a t i n g i o ne x c h a n g e r s b e a r i n g t h i o l , d i t h i o c a r b a m a t e a n d b e n z y l t h i o u r o n i u m s a l t sh a v e b e e n u s e d f o r t h e s e p a r a t i o n a n d e n r i c h m e n t o f A g (I ), H g ( II ), C d ( II ),Pb ( I I ) , C u ( I I ) , e t c. (K o s t e r & Sc h m u ck l e r , 1 9 67 ; M o y er s & Fr i t z , 1 97 6;M u z a r e l l i & T a n f a n i , 1 9 8 2 ; N a k a y a m a e t a l . , 1982; Sugi i e t a l . , 1 9 8 4 ) . O ft h e s e re s in s s tu d i e d , b en z y l t h i o u r o n i u m s a lt h a s p r o v e d t o b e t h e m o s tu s e f u l ( K o s t e r & S c h m u c k l e r , 1 9 67 ).

T h e i n c r e a si n g c o n c e r n a b o u t p o l l u t io n o f t h e a q u a ti c e n v i r o n m e n t b ym e r c u r y h a s l ed t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f n ew p r oc e ss e s fo r t h e r e m o v a l o fm e r c u r y a t t h e n g m l 1 le ve l. O n e o f t h e m a j o r c o n s u m e r s o f m e r c u r y is t h ec h l o r - a lk a l i i n d u s t r y , w h e r e m o s t o f t h e m e r c u r y u s e d e n d s u p i n t h e e f fl ue n t.T h e c u r r e n t p r a c t i c e f o l l o w e d i n i n d u s t r y is t o fix th e m e r c u r y a s H g S , w h i c h ,i n t u r n , s e t t l e s a s a s o l i d w a s t e , l e a d i n g t o s e c o n d a r y p o l l u t i o n . A n i o n -e x c h a n g e p r o ce s s, i f u s ed , h as t w o a d v a n t a g e s - - l o w s e c o n d a r y p o l l u t io na n d a p o s s i b il it y o f re c y c li n g o f t h e m e r c u r y ( F o r s t n e r & W i t t m a n n , 1 98 1).H o w e v e r , t h e re s in m u s t b e c a p a b l e o f c o m p e t i n g w i t h C 1 - i o n s p r e s e n t i nh i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e b r i n e e f f l u e n t . T h e p r o c e s s d e v e l o p e d b y A k z o -Z o a t C h e m i e o f t h e N e t h e r l a n d s b a s ed o n a t h i o l- c o n t a i n in g e x c h a n g e r isa m o n g t h e m o s t s u cc e s sf u l a n d c o m m e r c i a l l y e x p l o i t e d ( D e j o n g & R e k e r s ,1 9 7 4 ) . T h e i o n - e x c h a n g e r d e v e l o p e d b y t h e m r e m o v e d m e r c u r y d o w n t oa b o u t 2 n g m l

T h i s w o r k d e a ls w i t h t h e s o r p t i o n c h a r a c t e ri s ti c s o f v a r i o u s m e t a l io n s o na n o v e l c h e l a t i n g r es i n (S T -3 ), p r e p a r e d i n o u r l a b o r a t o r y . A p p l i c a t i o n o f t h er e s in i n t h e r e m o v a l o f m e r c u r y f r o m c h l o r - a l k a l i p l a n t e f fl u e n t, a s w e ll ase n r i c h m e n t f r o m s e a - w a t e r , i s a l s o p r e s e n t e d h e r e .

E X P E R I M E N T A LMa t er ia l s a nd met ho ds

T h e r e s i n w a s p r e p a r e d b y a n o v e l e a s y r o u t e w h i c h g a v e v e r y h i g h y i e l d( L u c y & S i v a s a n k a r a P il la i, 1 9 8 6) . G r a n u l a r p a r ti c le s o f 2 0 0 4 0 0 m e s h s iz ew e r e u s e d i n t h e b a t c h t e c h n i q u e , w h i l e p a r t i c le s o f 1 0 0 - 2 0 0 m e s h s iz e w e r eu s e d in t h e c o l u m n t e c h n i q u e . A g l a ss c o l u m n , 1 0 c m l o ng , 0 - 5 c m id , w a s


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Che la t ing re sin f o r me rcury ( I I ) so rp t ion 215

e m p l o y e d f o r b r e a k t h r o u g h a n d e l u t io n s tu d ie s . S t o c k s o l u t io n s o f m e t a li o n s w e r e p r e p a r e d f r o m a n a l y t i c a l g r a d e r e a g e n t s , p H w a s a d j u s t e d u s i n gN a O H / a c e t a t e b u ff er /H C 1 . M e t a l i o n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d b yU V - V I S s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r y o r by a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r y ,a n d f o r m e r c u r y a n a ly si s c o ld v a p o u r a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r yw a s e m p l o y e d .S a m p l e sS y n t h e t ic s e a -w a t e r w a s p r e p a r e d b y t h e p r o c e d u r e g iv e n el se w h e r e ( M u r o ie t a l . , 1 98 5), w h i l e s e a - w a t e r w a s c o l l e c t e d f r o m C o c h i n o f f - s h o r e a t c a . 1 md e p t h . E f f l u e n t s a m p l e s c o n t a i n i n g m e r c u r y w e r e c o l l e c te d f r o m t h e p l a n t so f T r a v a n c o r e C o c h i n C h e m i c al s L td ., U d y o g a m a n d a l , C o c h i n .C ha ra ct er i s a t io n o f t he res inT h e r e s in w a s c h a r a c t e r i s e d b y ir s p e c t r o s c o p y a n d b y e l e m e n t a l a n a ly s is .S u l p h u r c o n t e n t d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e o x y g e n f la s k m e t h o d is 8" 3% , w h i c hc o r r e s p o n d s t o 2 - 7 5 m m o l - l g - 1 o f re sin . S t ab i li ty o f t h e r es in t oc o n c e n t r a t e d H C1, 0 "IM H N O 3 a n d 0 .1 M N a O H w a s c h e c k e d b y s o a k i n g int h e m e d i a f o r 2 4 h . T h e s o a k e d r e s in w a s f i lt e re d t h r o u g h a s i n t e r e d g l a ssc r u c i b l e , w a s h e d w i t h d i s ti l le d w a t e r , d r i e d i n - v a c u o o n a b o i l i n g w a t e r - b a t hf o r 1 h , a s d o n e i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e r es in , a n d r e w e i g h e d . T h e r e s ins a m p l e s s h o w e d n o s i g n i f i c a n t l o s s i n w e i g h t .

M e t a l u p t a k e c a p a c i t ie s o f t h e re s in , a s a f u n c t i o n o f p H a n d k i n e ti c s o fs o r p t i o n , w e r e s t u d i e d b y t h e b a t c h t e c h n i q u e . A 0 " lo g s a m p l e o f t h e r e si nw a s a d d e d t o 2 0 m l o f b uf fe r ed m e t a l i o n s o l u t io n s o f c o n c e n t r a t i o n4 0 0/ ~g m l 1. A f t e r s h a k i n g f o r 8 h , a n a l i q u o t o f th e s o l u t i o n w a s w i t h d r a w nu s i n g a f i lt e r -s t ic k w i t h s i n t e r e d g l a s s d i s c a n d t h e r e s i d u a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o fm e t a l i o n w a s d e t e r m i n e d .I n t h e c o l u m n t e c h n i q u e , a g l a ss c o l u m n ( 1 0 c m 0 " 5 c m ) w a s s l u r r yp a c k e d w i t h t h e r e s i n t o a h e i g h t o f 1 0 c m (0 "9 g re s in ). B r e a k t h r o u g h s t u d i e su s i n g H g ( I I ) , C u ( I I ) , P b ( I I ) a n d C d ( I I ) w e r e d o n e b y p a s s i n g 1 0 0 / ~ g m l - 1s o l u t i o n s a t a f lo w r a t e o f 0-5 m l m i n - 1 . F r a c t i o n s w e r e c o l l e c te d a n d t h ec o n c e n t r a t i o n i n e a c h f r a c t i o n w a s d e t e r m i n e d . R e c o v e r y s t u d i e s w e r ec a r r i e d o u t f o r H g ( I I) f r o m s y n t h e t i c s e a - w a t e r s p i k e d w i th 1 0 0 / ~ g m l - 1 o fm e r c u r y , a s w e l l a s f r o m r e a l s e a - w a t e r .

S e l e c t iv i t y o f th e r e s i n f o r H g ( I I ) w a s s t u d i e d u s i n g a s o l u t i o n c o n t a i n i n g1 0 / t g m l - 1 e a c h o f m e r c u r y ( ll ), c o p pe r (I I ), le a d( II ) a n d c a d m i u m ( I I ) i o n s .T h e m i x t u r e w a s r u n t h r o u g h t h e r e s in b e d a n d t h e ef fe c t o f a d d e d i o n s o nt h e s o r p t io n o f m e r c u r y w a s n o t e d f r o m t h e b r e a k t h r o u g h c u r v e.


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2 1 6 Lucy Joseph, V . N. S ivasankara Pil la i

P r e - t r e a t m e n t o f c h l o r - a l k a l i p l a n t ef l iu e n tT h e c e ll h o u s e e f f l u e n t f r o m a c h l o r - a l k a l i p l a n t is a l k a l i n e ( p H 1 1) a n d r i c hi n c h l o r i d e i o n s . M e r c u r y i s p r e s e n t a s f i n e d r o p l e t s , w h i c h a r e d i f f i c u l t t op r e c i p it a te . C h l o r i n e w a s a d d e d t o t h e e f f lu e n t u n t i l s a tu r a t e d , a n d l ef to v e r n i g h t . I t w a s t h e n a c id i fi e d w i t h H C 1 a n d e x ce s s c h l o r i n e r e m o v e d b ya e r a t i o n ( 3 h ), o r b y f i l te r i n g t h r o u g h a s p e c i a l ly d e v e l o p e d a c t i v a t e d c a r b o n .

T h e g r a n u l a r a c t iv a t e d c a r b o n w a s s i ev e d a n d p a r ti c le s o f 4 0 - 1 0 0 m e s hs iz e w e r e p a c k e d i n a c o l u m n o f d i m e n s i o n s 2 0 2 . 7 c m . T h e e f fl u en tc o n t a i n i n g c h l o r in e w a s a l lo w e d t o p e r c o l a t e t h r o u g h t h e c a r b o n b e d h e l do n a f i l t e r d i s c a n d w a s t h e n f e d i n t o t h e r e s i n c o l u m n .

R E S U L T S A N D D I S C U S S I O NT h e r e s in s h o w s e x c e ll e n t s t a b il it y t o w a r d s c o n c e n t r a t e d H C 1, 0 "I M H N O 3a n d 0"IM N a O H a n d i t is re s i s ta n t t o a i r - o x i d a t io n .M e t a l u p t a k e a s a f u n c t i o n o f p HM e t a l - t h i o l c o m p l e x a t i o n r el ea se s p r o t o n s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e r e a c t io n :

n R S H + M " + ~.-~ -(R S),M + n H +a n d t h u s i s p H d e p e n d e n t . T h e u p t a k e o f v a r i o u s m e t a l i o n s (A g + , H g 2 +,C u 2 + , P b 2 + , C d 2 + , Z n 2+ ) w a s i n v e s t i g a t e d o v e r t h e p H r a n g e 0 - 7 . I t w a sf o u n d t h a t m e t a l io n s o r p t i o n i n c r ea s e s w i t h p H a n d is h i g h e st a b o v e p H 5

100

BOZo7 - 6 0

~0

2 0

0 I 2 3 4 5p HI6 7 8

F i g . 1 . E f fe c t o f p H o n t h e u p t a k e o f m e t a l i o n s b y S T - 3 r e s in : i n i t ia l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f m e t a li o n s , 4 0 0 m g l i t r e - 1; s h a k i n g t i m e , 8 h; S T - 3 r e s i n , 2 0 0 ~ 3 0 0 m e s h s iz e ; ( A ) H g 2 + ; ( ) C u 2 ;( [ ]) P b 2 + ; ( A ) Z n 2 + ; ( 0 ) A g + ; ( m ) C d 2+


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C h e l a t i n g r e si n f o r m e r c u r y ( I I ) s o r p t io n 2 1 7

1600'1400

100060 0

o 200 7k,-6C4020:

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7p 8Fig. 2. Effect of pH on K D ( K o = ( C s / C m ) x ( V / M ) ) : In i t i a l me ta l concen t r a t i ons ,40 0m gl i t re -~ shaking t ime, 8h; ST-3 resin, 200-300 mesh s ize ; (A ) HgZ+; (1-1) PbZ+;(C)) Cu2+ ; (m ) Cd 2+.

e x c e p t f o r A g + a n d H g 2 + ( F i g. 1). S o r p t i o n o f A g + a n d H g 2+ is a l m o s tc o m p l e t e i n t h e p H r a n g e 1 -6 . T h e h i g h K D v a l u e o b s e r v e d f o r H g 2 + (F ig . 2 )i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e s t r u c t u r a l f e a t u r e s a r e f a v o u r a b l e f o r c h e l a t e f o r m a t i o nw i t h m e r c u r y ( I I ) . T h e a p p a r e n t l o s s i n c a p a c i t y , o b s e r v e d i n t h e c a s e o fc e r t a in m e t a l io n s, m a y b e d u e t o t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a h y d r o x i d e c o m p l e x .T h e r e is a w i d e d i f fe r e n ce b e t w e e n t h e h a l f s o r p t i o n p H o f d if f e re n t c a t io n s ,j u s t i f y i n g t h e u s e f u l n e s s o f t h e r e s in i n t h e s e l ec t iv e s e p a r a t i o n a n d r e c o v e r yo f m e t a l i o ns .K i n e t i c s o f s o r p t i o n o f m e t a l i o n sT h e k i n e t i c c u r v e s f o r t h e u p t a k e o f H g 2 + , C u 2 + , B i 2 + , a n d P b 2 + ( F i g. 3 )s h o w t h a t t h e h a l f - t im e s o f s o r p t i o n (t ) a r e l es s t h a n 15 m i n a t t h e o p t i m u mp H , w h i c h e n s u r e s i ts u s e in a d y n a m i c p r o c e s s o f m e t a l i o n e x t r a c t i o n .R e m o v a l o f m e r c u r y f r o m s e a -w a t e r

T o f i n d o u t w h e t h e r t h e r e s i n is s u i ta b l e f o r t h e c o l l e c ti o n o f m e r c u r y f r o me s t u a r i n e a n d s e a - w a te r , t h e i n f l u e n c e o f f o r e ig n i o n s w a s a l s o e x a m i n e d .B r e a k t h r o u g h s t u d i e s c a r r i e d o u t u s i n g 10 0 # g m l - 1 s o l u t i o n o f m e r c u r y ( I I )


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Chelating resin fo r mercury (II) sorption 219

E::T, 5o~ 40. . JL I.i , i,., 30_zd 20Z8n . ,w ~ . ~ j i

30 60 90 120 150 180VOLUME OF EFFLUENT (BED VOLUME S)Fig. 4. Break -through curve of Hg2+: Co lum n, 0.5cm id and 10cm length; ST-3 resin,100-200 mesh size; flow rate, 18 bed volu m esh -1 bed volume, 1.6cc; (A ) 100m glitrestan da rd so lution at p H 5-5; (O ) sea-water spiked with 100m g litre-~ H g 2+ at pH 5-5.

Fig. 5.

1 5 L

N~ 1 0

Z

U

CuP b

H g

' / I0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300VOLUME OF EFFLU ENT (BED VOLUM ES)Replacement of Cd 2 +, Pb 2+ and Cu 2 + ions by Hg 2+ ions: Conce ntration o f feed,10m glitre each o f C d 2+, Pb 2+, Cu 2+ a nd Hg 2+.


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220 Lucy Joseph, V. N. Sivasankara PillaiT A B L E 1

Concentration of Mercury in the Chlor-alkali Plant Effluent after DifferentTreatments

Nature of sample Concentration o f mercury(H)(#g m l- 1)1. Oxidised effluent*2. Dechlorinated effluent I**3. Dechlorinated effluent II***4. Effluent from ST-3 resin column

2"752"750"020"005

* Chlor-alkali plant effluent oxidised using chlorine.** Excess chlorine removed by aeration in acid medium.*** Excess chlorine removed by passing through charcoal filter.

Removal of mercury(II) from chlor-alkal i plant eff luentMercury was oxidised using chlorine at pH 11 and excess chlorine wasremoved after adjusting the pH to 3. In a continuously operated stream,aeration can effect the removal of C12 (Dejong & Rekers, 1974). The use ofactivated carbon necessitates periodic regeneration of carbon. However,carbon has an added advantage in that it removes a good proportion ofmercury also, as is seen from Table 1. The resin removed mercury from the

F i g . 6 .

Eo '~

: : 3 .

90_ Jb -b .L U

,,, 70"1 "Zd 50Z3~ 3 02 :)~ A:E10

1 I I I I10 30 50

VOLUME OF EFF'LUENT

/I I I I I

70 90 110( B E D V O L U M E S )

Break-through curve of chlor-alkali plan t effluent: pH 3: mercury concen trat ion infeed, 2.75 mg litre 1; flow rate, 15 bed volumes h-~ ; one bed volu me--1'6 cc.


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Chelating resin fo r mercu ry (H) sorption 221t r e a t e d e f fl u e n t t o a r e s id u a l l e ve l o f 5 n g m l - 1. T h e b r e a k t h r o u g h c u r v e o fm e r c u r y ( I I ) i n t h e c h l o r - a l k a l i e f fl u e n t is s h o w n i n F i g . 6. T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o no f m e r c u r y (I I ) i n th e c o l u m n e f fl ue n t w a s b e l o w 5 n g m 1 - 1 u p t o t h eb r e a k t h r o u g h p o in t . A t a f lo w r a te o f 0 - 4 m l m i n - 1 , t h e s o r p t i o n o fm e r c u r y ( I I ) w a s e f fi c ie n t (6 0 b e d v o l u m e s o f e f fl u e n t w a s c o l l e c t e d b e f o r eb r e a k t h r o u g h p o in t) . T h e r es in c a n b e r e g e n e r a t e d u s i n g 5 % t h i o u r e a i n 0" 1MHC1.

T h e r e s u l t s p r e s e n t e d h e r e i n d i c a t e t h e v i a b i l it y o f S T -3 r e s i n f o r t h et r e a t m e n t o f c h l o r - a l k a l i e f f lu e n t w h i c h n e c e s s it a te s t h e r e m o v a l o f m e r c u r yt o l es s t h a n 5 n g m i -

S T - 3 re s in h a s s i m i la r s o r p t i o n c h a r a c t e r is t i c s t o t h e I m a c T M R r e si n o fD e j o n g & R e k e r s (1 97 4). I t h a s, h o w e v e r , a n a d v a n t a g e i n b e i n g p r e p a r e d b ya s i m p l e t h r e e - s t e p p r o c e d u r e , a n d a h i g h e r s t a b i l i t y d u e t o t h e t h i o l g r o u pb e i n g p r o t e c t e d f r o m o x i d a t i o n ( b y m i l d o x i d a n t s) b y a n a d d i t i o n a lf u n c t i o n a l g r o u p .

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N TL J i s t h a n k f u l t o C S I R , G o v e r n m e n t o f In d i a , f o r f in a n c i a l a s si st a nc e . T h ea u t h o r s t h a n k T C C L t d , U d y o g a m a n d a l , f or g e t ti n g s o m e a n a ly s e s d o n e .

R E F E R E N C E SBeamish , F . E . (1967) . A c r i ti ca l r ev iew of m e tho ds o f i so la t ing a nd sepa ra t ing thenoble me ta l s . II . Ion exch ange and so lven t ex t rac t ion . Talanta, 14(9), 991-1009.(Chem. Abstr., 67, 96452).De jong , G . J. & Rekers , C . J. N . (1974). The Ak zo process fo r the r em ova l o f m ercu ryf r o m w a s t e w a te r . J. Chrom., 102, 443-50.Ega wa , M., Jogo , Y. & M aed a, H . (1979). Studies on se lec tive ads orp t ion resins . 10.

P r e p a r a t i o n o f c h e l a t i n g r e s in s c o n t a in in g me r c a p to g r o u p s f r o m p o ly( g ly c id y lme th a c r y l a te ) b e a d s a n d a d s o r p t i o n o f m e ta l i o ns o n t h e m. NipponKagaku Kaishi , 12, 1760-6 (Chem. Abstr., 92, 77204).Fors tne r , U . & W it tma nn , G . T . W. (1981). M etalp ollutio n in the aquatic environment(2nd edn) . Ber l in , New York, Spr inger Ver lag.Kos te r , G . & Schm uckle r , G . (1967) . Sepa ra t ion o f nob le me ta l s f rom base m e ta l s bym eans o f a new che la t ing r es in . Anal Chim. Ac ta , 38, 179-84.Lucy , J . & S ivasa nka ra Pi llai , V. N. (1986) . Ion e xch ang e cha rac ter is t ic s of a nove lpo lys ty rene th io l r e s in (ST-3) and i ts app l ica t ion to the r ecovery o f me rcury( l l ).I I I rd ISAS Na t iona l Symp. Wal ta i r . Pape r No . 5 .M oye rs , E . M. & Fr i tz , J. S . (1976) . Se pa ra t ion o f me ta l ions us ing ahexy l th iog lyco la te r es in . Anal Chem. , 48(8), 1117 20.Muro i , M. , Ima i , S . & Hamaguchi , A . (1985) . Sorp t ion o f u ran ium by ce l lu loseder iva t ives . Analyst , 110, 1083-86.


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222 Lucy Joseph, V. N. Sivasankara PillaiMu zzare ll i , A . A . & Tanfan i , F . (1982) . N- (O-C arboxylbenzy l ) Chi tosan , N-Ca r b o x y me th y l Ch i to s a n a n d d i t h io c a r b a ma te Ch i to s a n . N e w c h e l a t i n gde r iva t ives o f C hi tosan . Pure & Appl. Chem., 54(11), 2141-50.N a k a y a m a , M . , Ch ik u ma , M . , T a n a k a , M . & T a n a k a , T . (1 98 2). A c h e l a t e f o r min g

r es in b e a r in g me r c a p to a n d a z o g r o u p a n d its a p p l i c a t io n t h e r e c o v e r y o fmercury( I I ) , Talanta, 29, 503-6.Parr ish , J . R. (1956). Selec tive ion e xch ang ers f rom polys tyrene . Chem. & Industry,137.Slovak , Z . & Doceka l , B . (1980) . Sorp t ion o f a r sen ic , an t imony and b ismuth ong lyco lme thac ry la te ge ls wi th bou nd th io i g roups fo r d i r ec t sam pl ing ine l e c t r o th e r ma l a to mic a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r o p h o to m e t r y , Anal Chim. Acta, 117,293-300.Slovak, Z., Smrz , M. , Doce kal , B. & Slova kova , S. (1979). An alyt ic a l beha vio ur ofhydrop hi l ic g lyco lme thac ry la te ge ls wi th bo un d th io l g roups . Anal, Chim.Acta, 111,243~19.Sugii , A. , Og awa , N. & H agiw ara , H. (1984) . Syn thesis an d prop er t ies o f a chela t ingres in con ta in ing t r iazo le th io l g roup . Talanta, 31(12), 1079-82.

sorption studies of heavy metal ions on a novel chelating resin [stripping of mercury ii]

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