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Søren Juhl Andreasen

HTPEM Fuel Cells- Analysis of usage in mobile applications -

∙ Introduction to the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark

▫ Research areas▫ Educations

∙ Recent and current research activities▫ Master thesis, 500 W PEM Fuel Cell system▫ Reseach assistent, 3 kW DMFC UPS ▫ PhD project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Development in Denmark from 80’ties to 90’ties:

Central generation Local generation

Source:

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Research program organisation

Institute of Energy Technology

Electric Power Systems

Power Electronic Systems

Electrical Machines

Fluid Power Systems

Fluid Mechanics and Combustion

Thermal Energy Systems

Fuel Cell Research Program

Industrial Partners Research Institutions

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Overview of Educations at IET

BASIC YEAR 1st and 2nd sem

3rd to 5th semElectronics and Electrical

Engineering

Electrical Energy Technology (EET) 6th to 7th sem

8th to 10th sem

High Voltage Engineering and Power systems

Power Electronics and Drives

Sustainable Energy Engineering

(HyTec)

Fluids and Combustion Engineering

(FACE)

Industry and export

(In the future this will most likely be “Energy”)

Intro semester

B.Sc. & Honer

ElectroMechanical System Design

(EMSD)

From next year an International M.Sc. Specialization on WindpowerWindpower will be included!

Within the following years an energy study board will be formed to enhance the fundamental education (3rd to 5th semester) to be directed more towards energy technology.

Mechanical EngineeringElectrical Engineering

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Fuel cell research programme

System control

Componentdesign

System

design

Test systems

∙ Mission▫ To promote sustainable energy production by conducting definitive

leading edge research at international level in fuel cell technology.

∙ Main Research Areas▫ Fluid mechanics▫ System modeling and optimization▫ Advanced system control▫ Power electronics

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Stack and system test facilitiesSingle cell test facilities-HT-PEM-DMFC

System test facilities

Advanced stack tests-Gas composition-Humidity (anode, cathode)-Heat management

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Design and Control of a 500W PEM Fuel Cell System

∙ Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering specialized in Electro-mechanical system design

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

3 kW DMFC Emergency Power Generator (APC)

Research assistent, modeling of DMFC, steady state, dynamic, BoP

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Research Project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack (3.107 DKR)

Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack

LagerBrændsels-

celleElmotor

Power ElektronikAnvendelseFyldestation

Brint

Brintbærer

2 Technical University PhD : Design and control of BoP , Power Electronics and motor design

1 Industrial PhD (Technological Institute of Denmark) : Stack charaterization and diagnostics

2 Mercantile PhD : Focus on the market, up-stream and down-stream

2 Educational institutions (Aalborg University, Copenhagen Business School)

1 GTS Danish Insititue of Technology

1 Component manufacturer (Parker)

3 R&D companies (Dantherm,HIRC,EGJ, H2Logic)

1 Composite materials company (Xperion)

4 Application companies (Electrical bike, Truck, Pallet handler…)

2 Power electronics companies (Migatronic , KK-Electronic)

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Systemopbygning

∙ Possibilities for an overall configuration of a power pack1. Fuel Cell alone2. Fuel Cell og DC/DC-converter

FC MotorInverterDC/DCDC ACDC

FC MotorInverterACDC

Advantages: Very simple system

Disadvantages: Very large FC stack ($$ !)

FC must handle power peaks

High demands for motor and intverer

Variating DC voltage

Advantages: Simple

Steady DC inverter voltage

Disadvantages: Very large FC stack ($$ !)

FC handles power peaks

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Systemopbygning

3. Operation with FC, DC/DC-converter and buffer energy storagea) Energy storage : batteryb) Energy storage : battery and super capacitorc) Energy storage : super capacitor

FC MotorInverterDC/DCDC

ACDC

Buffer

Adv.: Smaller FC stack

Steady DC inverter voltage

Super cap. only for power peaks

Battery as extra energy storage

FC stack charges batteries and supercaps

Full control of charging and discharging

D.adv.: Exstra charging circuits for battery and supercaps

More complicated system

FC

Motor

InverterDC/DC

DC

AC

DC

BAT DC/DCDC

SCAP DC/DCDC

Preferable system configuration

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

System, HT-PEM with Reformer

∙ Feasible fuels, liquid i.e. methanol (ethanol)▫ Direct Methanol Fuel Cell▫ Fuel cell system with reformer

◦ LTPEM (Classic Nafion membran)◦ HTPEM (PBI membrane)

∙ High Temperature PEM running on reformed methanol▫ FC operating conditions 120-200 C▫ Methanol reformer temperature 200-250 C▫ Thermal integration▫ Lower cell voltage▫ No CO-poisoning (!)▫ No humidity control -> Very simple stack and system design (!)▫ New technology▫ Potential for improvements▫ Significantly less expensive than Nafion based MEA’s (!)▫ Liquid water must never be present▫ Possible cooling with cathode air▫ Long start-up time

∙ FC system and application control▫ Classic linear control. P PI PID control. ss control, observer design▫ Nonlinear control. Lyaponov theory, robust control ▫ Optimal control

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Performance of HTPEM

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Søren Juhl Andreasen

Thanks for your attention

www.iet.aau.dk/~sja