sonet sdh quickref

gige Ethernet test gige Ethernet testing gige Ethernet installation gige Ethernet maintenance gige Ethernet commissioning, gige Ethernet troubleshooting,

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Gigabit Ethernet tester, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, 1000BASE-T tester, 1000BASE-LX test, 1000BASE-SX test, 1000BASE-T testing, 1000BASE-LX testing, 1000BASE-SX testing,

Gigabit Ethernet protocols, 1000BASE-T tester, 1000BASE-LX test, 1000BASE-SX test, 1000BASE-T testing 1000BASE-LX testing 1000BASE-SX testing

STM-1

STM-64

STM-16

STM-4

STM-256OC-768

OC-192

OC-48

OC-12

OC-3/STS-3

STM-0OC-1/STS-1

TUG-3

DS1

E1

DS2

DS3 E3

E4

x3

x4

x7

x7

TUG-2

x3

x3

MappingMultiplexingAligning Pointer processing

SDH Container

Group

VC-4

VC-3

VC4-4c

VC4-16c

AU-4

AU4-4c

AU4-16c

STS-3c SPE

STS-1 SPE

VT-Group

VC4-64c

VC4-256c

AU4-64c

AU4-256c

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

AU-3

10GbE

AUG-256

STS-12c SPE

STS-48c SPE

STS-192c SPE

STS-768c SPE

STS-3c

STS-1

STS-12c

STS-48c

STS-192c

STS-768c STS-768

AUG-64STS-192

AUG-16STS-48

AUG-4STS-12

AUG-1STS-3

x4

x4

x4

x4

40 Gbps

10 Gbps

2.5 Gbps

622 Mbps

155 Mbps

52 Mbps

Frame transmission

Figure 1 SDH and SONET multiplexing map

VC-3

VC-2

VC-12

VC-11

VT-6 SPE

VT-2 SPE

VT-1.5 SPE

POH addition

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

C-3

C-2

C-12

C-11

C-4-256c

C-4-64c

C-4-16c

C-4-4c

C-4

TU-3

TU-2

TU-12

TU-11

VT-6

VT-2

VT-1.5

x1

STS-1 SPE

904

SOH

LOH

SPE ptr

1 3STS-1

STS POH

90B1 E1

*A1 *A2 *

F1

D1 D2 D3

B2 K1 K2

D4 D5 D6

D7 D8 D9

S1 E2

D10 D11 D12

J0

M19

1

Section Overhead)

Line Overhead

9

1

H1 H2 H3 pointer

Tra

nspo

rt O

verh

ead

VT POHVirtual Tributary Path Overhead

RSOH

MSOH

AU4 ptr

1

VC4

27010

STM-1

HP POH

TU pointers

VT pointers

VT SPE VT SPE

VCn VCn

LP POHLower Order Path Overhead

500 ←s375 ←s

250 ←s

125 ←s

500 ←s375 ←s

250 ←s

125 ←s

x3

MUX

STM-1

3:1

STS-1

STS-1

STS-1

Figure 2 STS-1 and STM-1 frames

4

G1

F2

H4

J1

B3

C2

Z3Z4

N1

G1

F2

H4

J1

B3

C2

F3K3

N1

ptr

V5

V5

ptr

ptr

V5

V5

ptr

K4N2

J2V5

Z7Z6

J2V5

9

1

(payload)

270101 9

Trend’s SDH/SONETPocket Guide

Vic

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http://www.trendtest.com/trendweb/test/internationalwebpages.nsf/vlProducts/Victoria+Combo

Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, Gigabit Ethernet Alarms, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet tester

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Section

VC-4 (VC-3)

MSOH MSOH

RSOH

VC-11, VC-12, VC-2, VC-3

RSOH RSOH

Pat

hs

Se

cti

on

sLay

ers

RSOH

Section

Line

STS Path

Section

Line/Mux

STS SPE

LOH LOH

SOH

VT Path

Section

Line

STS Path

VT PathVTn SPE

SOH SOH

Pa

ths

Se

cti

on

s

La

yers

SOH Section

SDH

SONET

Terminal multiplexer Multiplexer Terminal multiplexerRegenerator Regenerator

Figure 3 SDH and SONET layered client/server model

Section

Mux

HO Path

LO Path

Section Section

Mux

HO Path

LO Path

Section

Mux

Section

NN NN S S I D I D I D I D I D

N N N N S S I D I D I D I D I D

Pointer Value

H1 or V1 H2 or V2

SS: Unspecified I: Invert if increment

Concatenation

NDF

NN NN S S I D I D I D I D I D

0 1 1 0 S S 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 S S 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 1 1 0 S S 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0

0 1 1 0 S S 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 S S 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0

0 1 1 0 S S 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 S S 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

i

i+1

i+2

j

j+1

j+2

Frame

Incr

em

ent

Decr

em

ent

Pointer MovementN NN N S S I D I D I D I D I D

1 0 0 1 S S x x x x x x x x x x

New Pointer

NDF enabled: NNNN=1001

N: New Data Flag

NDF disabled: NNNN=0110

(0001, 1101, 1011, 1000 also accepted)

(1110, 1010, 0100, 0111 also accepted)

New pointer value

H3 or V3

Negativejustification

Payload

Positivejustification

D: Invert if decrement

1 0 0 1 S S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C-3

H1H2H3

AU-4 ptr / STS ptr

G1F2H4

J1B3C2

F3K3N1

YH1 Y 1H2 1 H3H3 H3

AU-4 / STS3c

TU-3

Y: 1001SS111: all 1s byte

V1

V2

V3

V4

TU-n / VT-m SPE

x00

x01

x10

x11

Payload

H1H1 H1 H2H2 H2 H3H3 H3

AU-3 / STS-1AU-3 ptr / STS ptr

C-3

H1H2H3

Payload

TU3 ptr

V1

V2

V3

TU-n ptr

VC-n

VT ptr

Payload

Figure 4 Pointer formats, codification and procedures

G1F2H4

J1B3C2

F3K3N1

G1F2H4

J1B3C2

F3K3N1

STS ptr


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Figure 5 STM-N/OC-M frames

* Non-scrambled bytesX bytes reserved for national use^ Media-dependent bytes

B1 ^ ^ E1 ^

*A1 *A1 *A1 *A2 *A2 *A2 * *

F1

D1 ^ ^ D2 ^ D3

Pointer (s)

B2 B2 B2 K1 K2

D4 D5 D6

D7 D8 D9

S1 E2

D10 D11 D12

M1

STM-1/STS-3/OC-3

X

X

X

X

X

J0 *

X

B1 E1

*A1 *A2 *

F1

D1 D2 D3

B2 K1 K2

D4 D5 D6

D7 D8 D9

S1 E2

D10 D11 D12

STS-1/STM-0J0

M1

B1

*A1 *A1 *

D1

B2 B2 B2

D4

D7

S1

D10

A1 *A1

B2

^

*A1

^

B2

^

*A1

^

B2

E1

*A2

D2

K1

D5

D8

D11

*A2 *A2

M1

*A2

^

*A2

^

^

*A2

^

*A2 *A2

F1

*J0

D3

K2

D6

D9

E2

D12

X

*Z0

X

X

*Z0

X

X

*Z0

X

X

*X

X

X

*X

X

^

*A1

^

B2

^

*A2

^

*A2

X

*X

X

Pointer (s)

1 13 25 36 STM-4/OC-4

B1 +

*A1 *A1 *

+

D1 + +

B2 B2 B2

D4

D7

S1 +D10

A1

+

^

*A1

^

B2

^

*A1

^

B2

+

E1

*A2

D2

K1

D5

D8

D11

+

*A2

++

*A2

+

M1

+

*A2

+^

*A2

^

^

*A2

^

+

*A2

+

*A2

+

+

F1

*J0

D3

K2

D6

D9

E2

D12

X

*Z0

+

+++

X

+

X

*Z0

+

+++

X

+

X

*X

X

X

*X

+

+++

X

+

X

*X

+

+++

X

+

^

*A1

^

B2

+

^

*A2

^

+

+

*A2

+

+

X

*X

$

+++

X

+

Pointer (s)

1 49 97 144 STM-16/OC-48

D1-D3: 192 kbps OA&M dataD4-D12: 576 kbps OA&M dataE1, E2: 64 kbps orderwire channels

M0, M1: Re-sending of B2 errors

F1: 64 kbps user channelH1, H2, H3: pointer bytes

Z0: reserved

K1, K2: Request/answer APS channelsF1: 64 kbps user channel

A1= 11110110 Frame Alignment

B1: Section Parity Code BIP-8B2: Multiplex Parity Code BIP-n x 24

J0: Section Trace

17

^

*A1

^

B2

^

*A1

^

B2

+

^

*A1

^

B2

+

33 65 81 113

X

*X

X

129

X

*X

$

+++

X

+

B1 +

*A1 *A1 *

+

D1 + +

B2 B2 B2

D4

D7

S1 +D10

A1

+

^

*A1

^

B2

^

*A1

^

B2

+

E1

*A2

D2

K1

D5

D8

D11

+

*A2

+

M0

+

*A2

+

M1

+

*A2

+^

*A2

^

^

*A2

^

+

*A2

+

*A2

+

+

F1

*J0

D3

K2

D6

D9

E2

D12

X

*Z0

+

+++

X

+

X

*Z0

+

+++

X

+

X

*X

X

X

*X

+

+++

X

+

X

*X

+

+++

X

+

^

*A1

^

B2

+

^

*A2

^

+

+

*A2

+

+

X

*X

$

+++

X

+

Pointer (s)

1 193 385 576 STM-64/OC-192

^

*A1

^

B2

^

*A1

^

B2

+

^

*A1

^

B2

+

X

*X

X

X

*X

$

+++

X

+

+ + P1FEC sequence:

$ $ Q1 P1 P1 P1151

FEC sequence:

P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1P1 P1

Q1 P1 P1 P1161

P1 P1 P16320

STM-16/OC-48 STM-64/OC-192

1 9

99

11

9

1

9

1

9

1

+, $: FEC sequences

Q1, P1: Optional Forward Error Correction

H1 H2 H3

A2= 00101000: Frame Alignment


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V3 V3

V5

34 bytes

J2

34 bytes

N2

34 bytes

K4

34 bytes

Data32 bytes

Figure 6 Synchronous and asynchronous transport of a 2-Mbps circuit (I)

Synchronous

125 ←s

500 ←s

R: Fixed stuff bitO: Overhead bitsCi: Justification control bitsSi: Justification

D: Data bit

STM-1 VC-4AU-4 VC-12TUG-2 TU-12AUG

+LO-POH+AU pointer +HO-POH

E2

+ Stuffing+ Justification+ Overhead

+RSOH+MSOH

x3

12346789

TUG-3

5

x7x3

S2 DDDDDDDC1C2RRRRRS1

TS0Channels1 to 15TS16

Channels16 to 30

CAS RRRRRRRR

RRRRRRRR

32 bytes

RRRRRRRR

RRRRRRRR

Data32 bytes

C1C2OOOORR

RRRRRRRR

Data32 bytes

C1C2OOOORR

RRRRRRRR

Data32 bytes

RRRRRRRR

Data31 bytes

Asynchronous

TS0

Time Slot1 to 31

CCS 1

byte 34

VC-12

22

11 C-12C-12

V1

35 bytes

V2

35 bytes

V3

35 bytes

V4

35 bytes

500 ←s

3

TU-12

H4=00

H4=01

H4=10

H4=11

V311 4

9

125 ←s

9

12

4

TUG-2

1

140

V3 V3V31

LO-POH = V5 J2 N2 K4TU-12 pointer = V1 V2 V3 V4

125 ←s

if CiCiCi=111, then Si is a justification bitif CiCiCi=000, then Si is a data bit

C-12

125 ←s

#1 #2 #3


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RSOH

MSOH

AU4 ptr

R

NPI

Figure 7 Synchronous and asynchronous transport of a 2-Mbps circuit (II)

9

1 TUG-2 12

9

86

TUG-31

9

1 TUG-2 12

9

1 TUG-2 12

#1 #2 #7

9

1 TUG-2 12

#3

R

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2.......

5

TUG-3

x 7

TUG-3

R

NPI

R

10

9

11 9

VC-4270

+HO-POH10

G1

F2

H4

J1

B3

C2

F3

K3

N1

R

13

6

Byte-interleaving3 TUG-3

7

8

STM-1 9

#1 #2

11 12

R

NPI

R

#3

VC-4

H4=xx11

STM-1RSOH

MSOH

VC-4

H4=xx10

STM-1RSOH

MSOH

VC-4

H4=xx01

STM-1RSOH

MSOH

VC-4

H4=xx00

STM-1RSOH

MSOH

125 ←s

500 ←s

V1

V2

V3

V4

H4=xx00

H4=xx01

H4=xx10

H4=xx11

VC-12

125 ←s

TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2#1 #2 #7

500 ←s

TUG-3

#1

TUG-3

#1

TUG-3

#1

x7

x3

x3 x7 x3

Figure 8 VC-12 is a multiframe and needs four STM-1 frames (500 ←s) for full mapping.

x3 x7 x3 x3 x 7

x3

x3


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REI (Remote Error Indication) BIP-8 violation count

RDIG1:

RDI (Remote Defect Indication) is sent back

00: unequipped01: reserved02: TUG03: locked TU04: E3, T3

14: DQDB15: FDDI

xx11xx00: pointer to V1xx11xx01: pointer to V2xx11xx10: pointer to V3xx11xx11: pointer to V4

Nine bytes Path Overhead (POH)

Path trace, message with CRC

BIP-8 parity control

Signal label (mapping)

Path status

Path user channel (voice or data)

Position and sequence indicator

Path user channel (voice or data)

Automatic Protection Switch

Tandem Connection Monitoring

G1

F2

H4

J1

B3

C2

F3

Z3Z4

16: HDLC/PPP

18: HDLS/LAPS1A: 10GEthernetFE: Test-Signal

SpareE-RDI

IEC Incoming Error Count, BIP-8 errors in Tandem Conn.

IEC TCN1:REI OEI

TC-API, TC-RDIODI, reserved

E-RDI (Enhanced RDI information)

TC-REI: Remote Error Indication in a TC subnetworkOEI: Outgoing Error IndicationMultiframe: TC-API (Access Point Identifier)

multiframe

17: SDL

(RDI=0) 10: Payload defect (PLM)(RDI=1) 01: Server defect (AIS, LOP), (RDI=1) 10: Connectivity defect (TIM, UNEQ)

LO Multiframe Sequence

BIP-2V5:

ESL (Extended Signal Label) 32 bits multiframe

REI RFI RDI

BIP-2 bit 1: odd bit parity of the previous VCbit 2: even bit parity

Signal Label

RDI (Remote Defect Indication)

VC signal label (mapping)000 - Unequipped001 - Reserved010 - Asynchronous floating011 - Bit synchronous 100 - Byte synchronous

Path Overhead

Reserved or TCM

APS: Automatic Protection Switching channel

Path Trace

V5

J2

N2

K4

V5

J2

N2

K4

500

←s

101 - Extended signal label110 - Test Signal O.181

Additional Path Overhead

REI (Receive Error IndicationRFI (Remote Failure Indication

bits 1-11 Multiframe Alignmentbits12-19:

0A: HDLC/PPP0B: HDLC/LAPS0C: Concatenated test signal

DL: Lower-Order Data Link

BIP-2 for Tandem Connection calculated over the VC

BIP-2 I-AISN2: OEITC-API, TC-RDIODI, reserved

TC-REI: Remote Indication Error in a TC subnetworkOEI (Outgoing Error Indication)

multiframe

1 TCREI

I-AIS: Incoming AIS

111 - VC- AIS

K4: APS DLE-RDIESL VC

Four bytes Path Overhead (POH)

bits 20-32: 0 (reserved for future)VC (Lower Order Virtual Concatenation)

ODI (Outgoing Defect Indication)

VC-3/4-Xv sequencebit 5-8: MFI1 multiframe indicator (0 to 15)frame 0 bit 1-4 MFI2 MSB Multiframe Indicator 2frame 1 bit 1-4 MFI2 LSBframe 14 bit 1-4 SQ MSB sequence indicatorframe 15 bit 1-4 SQ LSB sequence indicator

12: E413: ATM

H4:C2:

APS: Automatic Protection

K3:

HODL: Higher Order Data Link

x x 1 1

H4: Multiframe Indicator 1MFI2 (frames 0 and 1)SQ (frames 14 and 15)

09: ATM

E-RDI (Enhanced RDI information)(RDI=0) 010: Payload defect (PLM)(RDI=1) 101: Server defect (AIS, LOP), (RDI=1) 110: Connectivity defect (TIM, UNEQ)

TC-RDI (RDI in Tandem Connection)

Multiframe: TC-API (Access Point Identifier)

ODI (Outgoing Defect Indication)TC-RDI (RDI in Tandem Connection)

G1

F2

H4

J1

B3

C2

F3

K3N1

SDH SONET

V5

J2

Z6

Z7

SDH SONET

APS SpareHODL

Figure 9 Nine bytes Path Overhead is attached to VC3, VC4 and VC4-Xc. Four bytes Path Overhead is attached to VC11, VC12 and VC2.

REI

LO Seqx x


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Reg. Sect. Multiplexer Section Higher Order Path Lower Order Path

LOF

LOSA1/A2

RS-TIM / TIM-SJ0

RS-BIP / CV- SB1

MS-BIP / CV- LB2

M12-8MS-REI / REI- L

MS-AIS / AIS-PK26-8

MS-REI / REI- LM1

AU-AIS / AIS- PAU ptr

MS-RDI / RDI-LK26-8

AU-LOP / LOP-PAU ptr

HP-UNEQ / UNEQ- PC2

HP-PLM / PLM-PC2

HP-BIP / CV- PB3

G11-4HP-REI / REI-P

HP-RDI / RDI-PG15-7

HP-REI / REI-PG11-4

TU-LOM / LOMH47-8

TU-AIS / AIS-VTU ptr

TU ptr TU-LOP / LOP-V

J2 LP-TIM / TIM-V

V55-7LP-PLM / PLM-V

LP-BIP/ CV-VV51-2

V53LP-REI / REI-V

LP-REI / REI-VV53

V58LP-RDI / RDI-V

Transmission Line

HP-TIM / TIM-PJ1

V55-7LP-UNEQ / UNEQ-V

Event detection

Signal flow

Error indication received

Error indication sent

Alarm indication sent

OR (logical function)

Event registration

Sonet

Section Line STS Path VT PathTransmission

AIS

AIS

AIS

AIS

AIS

AIS

Signal

LP-RFI / RFI-VV54

Figure 10 Events management. SDH in regular characters, SONET in italic.

SDH

Trend Communications Ltd.Whitebrook Park,Lower Cookham Road,Maidenhead,Berkshire, SL6 8XY, UK

TrendCommunications+44 1628 50350001628 50353101 69 35 54 70089 32 30 09 3093 300 331311 255541611 256 461 07901 877 [email protected]

International:United Kingdom:

France:Deutschland:

España:India:

Canada /Latin America:US Toll Free:

Email:Web:

More information in:

Installation and Maintenance of SDH/SONET,

2003 (c) Artech House, ISBN:1580535259 ATM, XDSL, and Synchronization Networks.

E1 test, E1 testing, E1 installation, E1 maintenance, E1 commissioning, E1 Set up, E1 tester, E1 pocket guideE1 protocols, DS0, Alarms, AIS test, BER test, CAS test, CRC test, E1 Solutions, PDH solutions, PDH pocket guide

Acronyms

AIS Alarm Indication Signal NDF New Data Flag

API Access Path Identifier OA&M Operation, Administration and Maintenance

APS Automatic Protection Switching OC-n Optical Carrier level n

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ODI Outgoing Defect Indication

AU Administrative Unit OEI Outgoing Error Indication

AUG Administrative Unit Group PLM Payload Mismatch

BIP Bit-Interleaved Parity POH Path Overhead

CV Code Violation PPP Point to Point Protocol

DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus RDI Remote Defect Indication

ESL Extended Signal Label REI Remote Error Indication

FDDI Fibre Digital Data Interface RFI Remote Failure Indication

FEC Forward Error Correction RS Regenerator Section

HDLC High-level Data Link Control RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead

HODL Higher Order Data Link SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

HP Higher Order Path SOH Section Overhead

LAPS Link Access Procedure – SDH SONET Synchronous Optical Network

LO Path Lower Order Path SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope

LOF Loss of Framing STM-n Synchronous Transport Module level n

LOH Lower Order Overhead STS-n Synchronous Transport Signal level n

LOM Loss Of Multiframing TC Tandem Connection

LOP Loss Of Pointer TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

LOS Loss Of Signal TS Time Slot

LP Lower-Order Path TU Tributary Unit

MS Multiplexor Section TUG Tributary Unit Group

MSOH Multiplexor Section Overhead VC Virtual Container

MUX Multiplexor VT Virtual Tributary

Distributor:

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