some basics about sentences w/ the subjunctive sentences w/ subjunctive have 2 clauses connected by...

Some basics about sentences w/ the Subjunctive

• Sentences w/ subjunctive have 2 clauses connected by QUE

• A clause is part of sentence with a subject & verb• In a sentence w/ subjunctive, there must be 2 different

subjects • Must have TRIGGER in the 1st clause (verb or expression

of will or influence, emotion, doubt, etc) that will cause 2nd part of sentence to be in subjunctive

• Verb in 1st clause of sentence is in present indicative because it’s real

• Verb in 2nd clause is in subjunctive because it may or may not happen or be real

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The present subjunctive• The subjunctive (el subjuntivo) is used mainly in multiple

clause sentences which express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial.

To form present subjunctive

1) Take the ‘yo’ form present

2) Drop the –o

3) Add opposite endings


The indicative is used to express actions, states, or facts the speaker considers to be certain.

The subjunctive expresses the speaker’s attitude toward events, as well as actions or states that the speaker views as uncertain.


• Verbs with irregular yo forms show that same irregularity throughout the forms of the present subjunctive.


• Verbs that have stem changes in the present indicative have the same changes in the present subjunctive. Only –ir verbs undergo stem changes in the nosotros & vosotros forms.


• The following five verbs are irregular in the present subjunctive.


Verbs that end in –car, –gar, and –zar undergo spelling changes in the present subjunctive.

****The present subjunctive form of hay is haya.

Ella espera que haya una solución.

She hopes there is a solution.

sacar: saque

jugar: juegue

almorzar: almuerce

Práctica

Completa con el subjuntivo

1. Ella quiere que yo _____________________(hablar) más.

2. Ellos desean que tú_______________________ (decir) la verdad.

3. Yo mando que nosotros______________________(salir) a tiempo.

4. Los padres insisten en que los hijos no ________________________(ir) lejos.

5. Esperamos que ella_________________________(saber) cómo llegar.

6. La profesora quiere que los estudiantes____________________ (hacer) la tarea.

7. Ud. prefiere que nosotros_______________________(leer) más.

8. Recomiendo que el hombre___________________(estar) aquí antes de las 8.

9. Yo propongo que tú _______________________(escribir) los apuntes.

10. Quieren que yo ______________________________(explicar) la respuesta.



Verbs of will & influence/WISHING WANTING VERBS• A clause is a group of words that contains both a

conjugated verb and a subject (expressed or implied).


• When the subject of the main clause of a sentence exerts influence or will on the subject of the 2ND (subordinate) clause, the verb in the 2nd (subordinate) clause must be in the subjunctive.

MAIN CLAUSE CONNECTOR 2nd/SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

Yo quiero que tú vayas al médico.

Some basics about sentences w/ the Subjunctive

• Sentences w/ subjunctive have 2 clauses connected by QUE

• A clause is part of sentence with a subject & verb• In a sentence w/ subjunctive, there must be 2 different

subjects • Must have TRIGGER in the 1st clause (verb or expression

of will or influence, emotion, doubt, etc) that will cause 2nd part of sentence to be in subjunctive

• Verb in 1st clause of sentence is in present indicative because it’s real

• Verb in 2nd clause is in subjunctive because it may or may not happen or be real



The verbs & expressions below of WISHING/WANTING or Will & Influence will TRIGGER the need for subjunctive in the 2nd clause.


Necesito que consigas estas pastillas en la farmacia.

El médico siempre me recomienda que deje de fumar.

I need you to get these pills at the pharmacy.

The doctor always recommends that I quit smoking.

Insisto en que vayas a la sala de emergencias.

Se oponen a que salgas si estás enfermo.

I insist that you go to the emergency room.

They object to your going out if you’re sick.

Examples of sentences with Verbs of Will & Influence and the subjunctive.


• If there is no change of subject in the sentence, then the 2nd verb will be in the INFINITIVE.

Quiero ir a Bogotá en junio. Prefiero que vayas en agosto.

I want to go to Bogota in June. I prefer that you go in August.

*In order for subjunctive to be used, the subject in the 2nd clause must be different from subject in 1st clause.


Verbs of emotion• When the main clause expresses an emotion

like hope, fear, joy, pity, or surprise, the verb in the subordinate (2nd) clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from that of the main clause.

Me alegro de que te recuperes pronto.

Tus padres tienen miedo de que necesites una operación.

I’m happy that you recover quickly. Your parents are afraid that you you need an operation.


The subjunctive is also used with expressions of emotion that begin with ¡Qué…! (What a…!/It’s so…!)

The expression ojalá (I hope; I wish) is always followed by the subjunctive. The use of que with ojalá is optional.

¡Qué pena que él no vaya! What a shame he’s not going!

Ojalá (que) no llueva.I hope it doesn’t rain.

Ojalá (que) no te enfermes.I hope you don’t get sick.


• The infinitive, not the subjunctive, is used with verbs and expressions of emotion if there is no change of subject in the sentence.

No me gusta llegar tarde. Es mejor que lo hagas ahora.

I don’t like to be late. It’s better that you do it now.


Verbs of doubt or denial• When the main clause implies doubt,

uncertainty, or denial, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from that of the main clause.

No cree que él nos quiera engañar.

Dudan que eso sea un buen tratamiento.

She doesn’t believe that he wants to deceive us.

They doubt that would be a good treatment.


• The infinitive, not the subjunctive, is used with verbs and expressions of doubt or denial if there is no change in the subject of the sentence.

Es imposible viajar hoy. Es improbable que él viaje hoy.

It’s impossible to travel today.

It’s unlikely that he would travel today.


The subjunctive is also used after quizá(s) and tal vez (maybe; perhaps) when they signal uncertainty, even if there is no change of subject in the sentence.

Quizás vengan a la fiesta.

Maybe they’ll come to the party.

some basics about sentences w/ the subjunctive sentences w/ subjunctive have 2 clauses connected by...

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