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Somaechon: 5 SLUGs in 2010, 1 in 2013 Waegol: 6 SLUGs in 2011, 1 in 2013 formed CFMB Forest: 64.2% of county area 40% of the forest destroyed and degraded during the past 20 years Main causes of destruction & degradation: Excessive logging for timber and firewood Clearing for crop cultivation SLUGs organized and AF introduced in Somaechon, Waegol, and Ongjanggol where population is dense and forest severely destroyed Agroforestry proved viable and extended during the last 3 years. Currently, there are 63 SLUGs (20 SLUGs involved in project activities) which have introduced agroforestry. Ongjanggol: 2 SLUGs in 2012 Brief Introduction Songjugri: 5 SLUGs formed in 2013

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Brief Introduction

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Aims of Agroforestry Create economy forests tailored to the County conditions and ensure the production of raw materials needed for economic development and livelihood improvement. Solving food issues as well as planting trees. Importantly

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Agroforestry awareness Visits to Suan county, Learn experiences Explanation and publicity technology extension Model creation Model SLUGs: group 1, 2, 6 Maintain uniqueness

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Selection of demonstration sites demonstration sites Densely populated and severely deforested area Areas that can have immediate benefits from AF SLUG organization Primarily hillside land users(particularly women) On voluntary basis 10 people manage 10ha of land

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Participate with a sense of being land owner everything though group discussion everything though group discussion Meet scientific and technical requirements cross-visits, techniques study, consulting with experts cross-visits, techniques study, consulting with experts Promote creativity experience exchange, make use of local knowledge experience exchange, make use of local knowledge Most importantly to ensure tangible benefits, to ensure tangible benefits, setting examples setting examples

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Various themes according to the SLUGs demands and yearly plan Land use plan formulation SLUG nursery setup and management Seedling production Nutrition propagation (grafting, cutting ) Tree planting and growing Vegetative belt formation Crop cultivation techniques Soil erosion, flood control Appropriate water usage Structure design and construction Different methods In-door lectures In-door lectures Field lectures Field lectures Transfer of technology, exercise Transfer of technology, exercise Experience exchange Experience exchange cross-visits cross-visits Technical service Technical service

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- Variety of crops: - Variety of crops: Cultivated over 10 crops i.e. maize, potato, upland rice, soy, red pepper, peanut, sweet potato etc Cultivated over 10 crops i.e. maize, potato, upland rice, soy, red pepper, peanut, sweet potato etc - Crop rotation: - Crop rotation: Maize sweet potato peanut, Maize sweet potato peanut, Maize upland rice red pepper Maize upland rice red pepper - Double cropping, mixed croping: - Double cropping, mixed croping: potato + upland rice, potato + maize, potato + upland rice, potato + maize, wheat, barley + maize wheat, barley + maize - organic farming, landcare techniques: - organic farming, landcare techniques: organic fertilizer, contour line tillage, mulching, non-tillage organic fertilizer, contour line tillage, mulching, non-tillage

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Agreement, presentation Draft land use plan (the most practical option) Making plan, analysis, compilation Problem analysis Field survey/ data collection In a participatory way

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Issues to be considered in SLM Standards and indicators Basic data Topography altitude altitude gradeability gradeability terrain terrain bearings bearings jurisdiction jurisdiction Population (number & location) people people livestock livestock wild life wild lifeClimate temperature temperature precipitation precipitation light intensity & day length light intensity & day length humidity humidity wind wind growth period growth periodSociety organizations and goals organizations and goals resources resources needs needs Soil fertility soil texture soil texture soil depth soil depth pH pH fertility fertility moisture moisture organic matter organic matterEconomy investment investment sale price sale price transportation costs transportation costs Water upper ground (river & streams, spring, well, reservoir etc.) upper ground (river & streams, spring, well, reservoir etc.) underground (quality & quantity) underground (quality & quantity)Infrastructure traffic (road, vehicles) traffic (road, vehicles) Market Market Land classification and land use land classification land classification land use land use environmental requirements for crop and land use environmental requirements for crop and land use Institutional and legal aspects stakeholders roles and data stakeholders roles and data relevant policy and regulation relevant policy and regulation

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Zoning for land use: Conservation and reforestation area (3) Conservation and reforestation area (3) Fuelwood area (3) Fuelwood area (3) Agroforestry area (4) Agroforestry area (4) (Alley cropping, Green belt ) Soil protection area Soil protection area Conservation and reforestation Fuelwood Structural protection measure Cooperative farmland Agroforestry

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Forest Fuel wood Tree planting on the mountaintop Larch, pine, etc. Larch, pine, etc. on the steep slopes black locust, etc. black locust, etc. Natural regeneration Conservation/Protection A/Re-forestation

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Structural & nonstructural measures Check dams Agroforestry Structural protection Life-fencing Stone-terracing Building contour strips Planting economic valuable trees on contour strip

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Food production and Income generation Agro-forestry Crop diversification and crop rotation: maize, bean, sweet potato, groundnut, upland rice, millet, red pepper, sesame, red-bean,etc. Double cropping : early potato + upland rice, winter wheat + maize Livestock : pigs, rabbits, goats, ducks, chickens Fish farming: carps Fruit processing: aronia fruits Greenhouse: seedlings, vergitables Trees + crops + Fodder/Livestock

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Map of current land use

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Map of land use plan Forest Forest/planting 5000 larch Agroforestry/ pine+ upland rice Agroforestry/ fruit tree+ sweet potato Agroforestry / aronia + maize Firewood / planting 10,000 black locust Structural protection measures

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Good extension base Good extension base Develop new technologyDevelop new technology ApplicationApplication ExtensionExtension Lectures and cross-visitsLectures and cross-visits 3 model SLUGs 3 model SLUGs Group 2, Changmae-riGroup 2, Changmae-ri Group 6, Changmae-riGroup 6, Changmae-ri Group 12, Up-riGroup 12, Up-ri County level County level 5 demonstration lectures5 demonstration lectures 20 SLUGs for the project20 SLUGs for the project 63 SLUGs63 SLUGs Convert into county-level workConvert into county-level work

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Land & water protection - Green belt formation: - Green belt formation: along contour line along contour line trees and fodder grass trees and fodder grass - Erosion control: - Erosion control: checkdam, soil-protection dam, irrigation canals etc checkdam, soil-protection dam, irrigation canals etc stone terraces where there are many stones stone terraces where there are many stones - Water tank: - Water tank: rain and underground water rain and underground water various types of water tanks various types of water tanks - For many use: - For many use: drinking, irrigation, stable drinking, irrigation, stable Effective against flood and drought!

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Soil erosion control measures Contour-lined vegetative strip Live-fencing Check-dam

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Biophysical measures Contour-lined vegetative strip, contour farming, non-tillage, intercropping, crop rotation, mulching, etc.

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check-dam, stone terrace, dyke Structural measures

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- Vegetative strip and contour farming along contour-line at regular intervals

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Stockbreeding - Fodder issue solved: - Fodder issue solved: fodder grass such as orchard grass from greenbelt, fodder grass such as orchard grass from greenbelt, byproducts like rice chaff, byproducts like rice chaff, silage (winter feed) etc. silage (winter feed) etc. - Increased number of domestic animals - Increased number of domestic animals - Manure to the field - Manure to the field

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Forest recovery - Seedling production: - Seedling production: SLUGs nursery SLUGs nursery specialized seedling production specialized seedling production - Species improvement: - Species improvement: familiar with grafting and cutting techniques familiar with grafting and cutting techniques increased income from superior species increased income from superior species - Tree planting and management: - Tree planting and management: mountaintop-larch,pinus rigida mountaintop-larch,pinus rigida grass belt- pine, evodia, seabuckthorn, grass belt- pine, evodia, seabuckthorn, ensure 85% survival rate ensure 85% survival rate - Ensure firewood - Ensure firewood - Forest protection, natural regeneration - Forest protection, natural regeneration From destroying the forest to building the forest!

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Material supportMaterial support Molding machine, greenhouse, tiller, cement, plastic sheet, fertilizer, sunshade, small farm tools, working garments, seeds, seedlings etc. Capacity building Capacity building Nursery modernization, natural disaster prevention, land protection, tree management

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- Technology and methods that suit ones own conditions should be developed. Technical study should be strengthened & traditional local knowledge should be properly combined. Various farming methods such as crop diversification, crop rotation and double cropping should be widely applied. (It reduces damages from continuous cropping, pest and natural disasters and ensures high and secure production.) A lot of compost should be produced and applied to the land. (Domestic animal keeping is good for the production of organic manure fertilizer.) Cash crops such as bell flower and medicinal herbs should be grown on the shaded land where grains cannot be cultivated. Trees of good species should be planted and they should be bred into superior species. (Farmers can now manage with grafting and cutting by themselves without help of experts).

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- Land protection measures should be taken. Vegetative belts along the contour lines should be made properly and managed well. (fodder grass grown on the vegetative belts livestock feeding improvement of food quality organic manures soil fertility). Land should be ploughed along the contour line. Structures such as check-dams and live fencing should be built on erosion-prone spots.

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Agroforestry integrates livelihood improvement and forest management in mountainous areas Agroforestry makes the local people to be the leading figures in afforestation and forest management Forest rangers skills are essential in introducing agroforestry

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Let us live not merely for today but for tomorrow!