som ethoughts about gold tablet of pherai

7/26/2019 Som eThoughts about gold tablet of Pherai

1/7

Some Thoughts about the 'New' Gold Tablet from Pherai

Author(s): Alberto BernabReviewed work(s):Source: Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 166 (2008), pp. 53-58Published by: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn (Germany)Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20476511.Accessed: 15/06/2012 15:52

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2/7

53

SOME THOUGHTS

ABOUT THE

'NEW'

GOLD TABLET

FROM

PHERAI

1.

The 'new' gold tablet

Robert Parker nd

Maria

Stamatopoulou

have

recently

dited

a

gold

tablet

iscovered

n

1904

in a

field

near

the

hill

Magoula Mati, close

to

Pherai.I

Itwas

found

yArvanitopoulos,

ho

presented

n

excava

tion eport

n

1906.2

The

tablet, orgotten

or lmost

century

n

the

ational

Archaeological

Museum in

Athens,

was

rediscovered

n

2000, together ith

Arvanitopoulos' xcavationdaybooks.

According

tothe

daybooks,

the ablet

as

found

n n

osteotheke

repository)

hich

contained heremains f a

cremation,

but

because the

repository

as

used

by

the wner

of

the

lot

as

building

material,

it

was

very

difficult o

recover he

ontext f thefind.

The gold

tablet s

7 cm

long

nd

8

mm

wide and

contains

two

ncomplete

exameters

theright

art

of the ablet eing lost). reases on its urface uggest hat twas originally olded.

According

toP.

J.

arsons,3

the and of

the ext's

nscriber

elongs

to

the

epigraphic'

eriod,

that

s,

the ate th

century

C and the

eginning

f the rd

century

C.

The gold tablet as

been

published gain

by

Fritz

Graf and

Sarah

I.

Johnston,

y

Franco Ferrari nd

Lucia

Prauscello, and

bymyself

in

the

ppendix

f

my edition f the

rphic

testimonia

nd

fragments.4

2. Text

The

gold tablet's

ext

OF

495a)

is

as

follows:

n1?1GP?PEJtQOC~flICTO)X0lQCOVCEXwOQYLC[

brfl]TQOCX0OVLaCThXCLgl%TQOCOQEL[

In

a

first

eading

here

re a

fewdoubts:

rr

TE

PE

3TQOC

gVCT6OV

0l&COVc

OQwl6Yc

[-

x

AT`LV1-TQoC

X0OVlWC

T?Xri xual

MrlTQ9OC Q?l[cC.

Two textual

roblems emain: he

first,

hat

Q?kr

u -) occupies

a

sedes

metrica that

equires he

equence

uu

-;

the

econd,

how

to

complete

thefirst

exameter.

For

the

first

roblem, he asiest

solution

s to

suppose

a

fault

y haplography,nd

toreconstruct

Ta>

tkXr.

n

this ase,

T?

coordinates

9QyLa

nd

TO?kf,

oth

being dependent n

FXw.XCL

on the ther

hand

coordinates

Af'[tqTQOC

OovcLac

nd

MfTQolc

OQ?l[c.

Ferrari-Prauscello ropose

tEkXcaL.

or

semantic

reasons,

his smore

difficult o

ccept,

because,

according

o the

translation

f these

uthors,

he

mystes

states:

I

am

able to

perform

he

rites',

whereas

we

expect

a

statement

bout the

ctual

celebration f the

rites, ather han he apacity f the

mystes

tocelebrate hem.

We

find

?X(l

and

ooQyLc

together

in

Aeschylus

fr. 57.1 Radt

ceFvdc

KoTvtofc

oQyL'

exovT-c.5

The

verb

9XeL

has

a

double

sense. It

means 'to have'

because the

mystes

'knows'

09QYl,

that

is,

he

has

seen

and

experienced

hem.

ut

frequently

his

possession'

f rite

ecomesmore

tangible

ecause the

mystes

The

Spanish

Ministry

of Education and Science has

given

financial

support

for the research

of this

paper

(Consolider

C

Project

HUM2006-09403).

I

am

very

grateful

to

Ana

Isabel

Jim?nez San

Crist?bal,

Marco

Santamar?a,

Helena

Bernab?,

and

Sarah

Watson for their

interesting

suggestions regarding

a

former draft

of the

text.

1

Parker-Stamatopoulou

2004

(actual

date

of

publication

2007).

2

Arvanitopoulos

1907.

3

Parsons

ap.


2004,

5.

4

Graf-Johnston 2007, 38-39; Ferrari-Prauscello 2007; Bernab? 2007, 456 (fr. 495a), henceforth I will quote the frag

ments

of this

dition

s

OF followed

by

a

number. he tablet

s included lso in

Bernab?-Jim?nez

San

Crist?bal 2008:158-160

and 266.

5

Ferrari-Prauscello 2007

try

to

eliminate

this clear

parallel

on

the basis

that it is

a

conjecture by

Nauck.

It

is,

however,

an

excellent

conjecture

and

was

accepted by

Radt.

Nauck's

judgment

is

now

confirmed

by

the

text

of this

tablet.


3/7

54 A.

Bernabe'

receives some objects, also called

OQ9LU,

hich he

keeps as a reminder f therites. arallel

examples

can

be adduced:

Theocr. Idyll.26.13

ci,v

6'

?Ta6QUcF

oc'Lv

lcv60oc

OQy1L

6xXw96

Catull.

64.259

obscura

cavis

...

orgia cistis,

eneca

Herc.

Oet. 594f.

orgia ferre/

...

condita cistis;Propert. .1.4

orgia

ferre; lem.

Al. Protr.

2.22.4

(OF

590)OlCl

o

&

a

cL

l

LCTcL

VcCTWXcL;l

LAQ

'JTO7V 1VWCCl

CL

ylc

acLiT(V

Xzi

T'

&9ArQQqTo

EUTav.

OVi

CflCcAcli TtcdTa

XUL

JTVQUJJI&c

...

XuA

6QUXwV,

OQYlOv

Awovucov

B

acc('Qov ;7

On

the

ther

hand,TO?kr

s a

synonym

f

UkXETcl,

s

attested

n

numerous

assages.8

It

is

probable

that

PXk

as been

preferred

ormetrical reasons.

Lastly

09Qlc

and

ktcTai

re

frequently

oordinated.9

o there s no

need to correct

FXri

n order

to

'avoid the

pleonastic (if

not

tautological) uxtaposition f

0Qy7L/TFXn'.10

t

seems clear that

Qyla

and

kXUTaf,

synonym

f

Te`k,

constitute common

sequence.

In

this old tablet othwords are

direct

objects of

9Xw,

in

an

fU97

XOlVOVO

onstruction.11

The

secondproblem

s the acuna

fter

QyLC.

arker-Stamatopoulou

onsider dxXov as a possible

reading,12

ut

reject

t.

errari-Prauscello

onsider thisreading highly

nlikely n both linguistic nd

syntacticalrounds'13. hey arguethat he tatement: Ipossess/bear he acred rites/tokensfBacchus'

would

in

fact etterfit priest than

n

initiate. his argument an be

applied to their roposed

eXw

...

tCUccLC,

ecause if

anyone

is in a

position

to

say

'I am

able to

perform he

rites', this ught to be

a

priest.

On

the

ther

and,

Ferrari-Prauscello

onvincingly

rgue

to

demonstrate

rphic

nfluence n the

ults

of

Demeter

Chthonia both

in

Callatis and

Hermione,14

nd it annot

be

a

coincidence that

n

Hermione

there

as a

cultof

Dionysus

Melanaigis,

related o the

fterlife,15

nd that n

Callatis there

as an

active

Dionysiac thiasos.16

I am

scarcely

convinced

by

the

reading

i6ofica

proposed by

Bouraselis,17

because

a

'transitive,

resultative

erfect'

sneverdocumented

n

gold

tablets or in

rchaic

epic.

6

Cf. Henrichs 1969.

7

Turcan

1992,

220: 'le

mot

?Qyia

a

pris

...

?

l'?poque

hell?nistique,

le

sens

concret

qu'on

retrouve

plus

tard chez

les

po?tes

latins,

dans

l'?pigraphie

et

dans la litt?rature

gr?co-romaine

imp?riales',

cf.

also

Motte-Pirenne-Delforge

1992.

8

In

addition

to

the

passages

quoted by Parker-Stamatopoulou

2004,

13,

mention

can

also be made of

Poll.

1.35

x? ??

|xucTf)Qia

xai x?

?Qyia

xeXexai xai

T?Xr\

mjcxix? xai

xe^ecioufjyiai,

Max.

Conf.

In Dion.

Areop.

ep.

8.6

x?

|xucxf)Qia

...

x?Xr|

xai xeXex?c ?n?Xovv.

I

cannot

accept,

however,

the

parallel

of

the Pelinna

gold

tablet OF 485.7 which

they

adduce,

because

I think that this

verse

must

be read

xeX?cac

cuteQ,

for the

reasons

furnished

in

the critical

apparatus

of

OF,

and

in

Bernab?-Jim?nez San Crist?bal 2008, 90-91.

9

For

example

D. H. 1.61.4

?v?a

\ir\iQi

Oecov

leQ?v

lOQUc?|U?voc ?Qyia

xai xeXex?c

xaxecxfjcaxo,

Clem. Al.

Protr.

2.13.3 x?

CauoOQatxcov

?Qyia

xai

xeXex?c,

Themist. Or. 349b 6

?Q(()ea)c

xeXex?c

xe

xai

opyia,

Theodoret. 7.11 ai

xeXexai xai x?

?Qyia,

IG II2 3639

c.

170

AD

(Anth.

Gr.

App.

318)

1-3

Mvf|jia

xo?'

uipuj)av?c

An,[oD]c

[?]a[xooJoio

???oQxac

/

UAJQLOV

v

co(j)LT|L

xD?oc

?veyxauivoD,

/

?c xeXex?c

?v?^>r\ve

xai

o?ytcx

Jt?vvuxot

?alJcxaLc

Ei)u?}jtou,

Eus.

PE

7.2.4

x?

?QYLOt

xai x?c

?c?jivouc

xeXex?c,

Proel.

Hymn.

4.15

?Qyia

xai

xeXex?c.

10

Ferrari-Prauscello

2007,

194.

11


2004,

10

point

out

that

in

this

case

one

would

expect,

rather,

c()?rjco.

But it is

probable

that the

poet

has

preferred

?x

simply

because it is

an

cut?

xoivo?

construction.

12


2004,

10.

13

Ferrari-Prauscello

2007, 194;

cf. also Ferrari 2007.1 find this

statement

a

bit

curious,

since

I

have

always

considered

syntax

a

part

of

linguistics.

14

Ferrari-Prauscello

2007,

197f.

15

Cf. Jim?nez an Crist?bal

forthcoming.

16

Cf.

Avram

2002.

17

Ap. Parker-Stamatopoulou

2004,

11.


4/7

Some

Thoughts

bout the

New'Gold

Tabletfrom

herai 55

I

prefer

6xXov,

a) because there re

many

documented nstances f

69yLoc

axxov,

some in the

same

sedes

metrica,18

nd b) because there

re

many

connections

etween

Dionysus

and

Demeter

and

Persephone oth

in

Hermione and

in

Callatis.

Therefore, considerthat

hemost

plausible

text

s

that

ublished

n the

dition

f

Graf-Johnstonnd

followed ymyself:

7tEPF,

J

QOC

iVCTyOV

OL6'COVC'

ECxw

QylA

[BCxCoU

Af'L`lzQoC

X)OVLAC

Ti'Xr Xcl

MrTQO6C 6Q9i[C.

Send

me to

thethiasoi

f

the

nitiates;

have19

the acred

symbola

and therites

f

Demeter

Chthonia

and

the

ountain

Mother.

3. The Pherai gold tablet nd

'O9QLx

Various differentriteria uggest hat he old tablet rom herai should

be

placed

in n

Orphic

context.

3.1. The

first

sgeographical:there s another old

tablet

rom

herai,

onsidered

learly rphic (OF

493), andothers ave been found n hessalian area:Pharsalos (OF 477) and Pelinna (OF 485-486); the

leafkept

in

Malibu (OF 484) also comes from hessaly,

and

others

ere

found

n

Macedonia.

It

is prob

able that ocuments f the

ame

kind cf. ? 3.2),

in

the ame

context,

n

the

ame area

and

in

the

ame

time

periodbelong

to

the

ame

religious

ontext.

3.2. The gold tablets

e

know, found

n

tombs

nd

written

n

hexameters

sometimes ingled

with

short rose statements)

re

orphic.20

heir function

as

to aid the

deceased

to

remember

text

that

supposedly

an

influence

he ods of

the

nderworld

o receive

nitiates

n

special place

in

Hades. This

tablet as the

ame

function.

3.3. As

regards

he

peaker

nd the ddresseeof the

text,

arker-Stamatopoulou

ave

convincingly

argued

that he

peaker

s

the eceased and

the

ddressee

ersephone,

hich

makes the herai tablet imi

lar tomany other rphic gold tablets.21

3.4. Parker nd

Stamatopoulou

tate:22

OLucoL,

ow attested orthefirst ime n

a

gold leaf,makes

more

explicit

than

o

the

ther xpressions

uoted23

hat

he

lessed future

nvisaged

by the oul is

as a

member of

a

group.

It

also

strongly suggests

that the dead

person may

have

been

a

member of

a

olACOC

...

and that his

membership

s

part f

his

or

her

qualification or blessed lot

n

the fterlife."

Nevertheless,

fter

xamining

vidence about

[VOCTCR

nd,

despite

the

fact that his

term

s docu

mented

in

Orphic gold tablets Pherai, F 493; Pella, OF 493b; Aigai,

OF

496c-e andHipponion,OF

474.16

-

in

this

atter,

ear

1cxXoL),

and despite

the clear

relationship etweenOrphic and Bacchic

rites24,

he

uthors each hypercritical

onclusion:25

The onlycertain tatementhat

an

bemade is that

the

oul's

claim

tobe

sent

to oin the band f initiates' ust be based on

an

initiation hich ithas itself

undergone;

s

for

the haracter f that nitiation, hedivine

names

which follow showwhat iswas not

(Eleusinian nitiation),otwhat itwas."

18

For

example

(*

indicates

the

same

sedes

m?trica):

Theoc.

26.13*

?Qyia

B?x%oo,

Macedonius

AP 11.63.1*

?Qyia

B?xxou,

Nonn.

D.

44.219*, 45.25*, 46.81*,

46.107*

?Qyia

B?xxou,

cf. also other

similar

sequences

like E.

Ba. 998

?an%i

?Qyia,

Thdt.HE 317

xai ol

xoi)

Aiovucou

x?

?Qyia

xexeXecu?voi.

19

In the

double

sense

T

know/I

possess'.

Cf. the

statements

about

?Qyia

supra

and

nn.

7

and

9.

20

Cf.

Bernab?-Jim?nez San

Crist?bal

2008,

179-205.

21


2004,

6-7.

22


2004,

8.

23

Se.

Hipponion

OF

414,

15-16

'you

too

will

go

along

the

sacred

way

by

which the

other

mystai

and bacchoi

advance,

glorious',

Thurii OF 488.9

'you

will be

a

god

from mortal

you

were',

Petelia

OF 476.11

'you

will

reign

with the other

heroes',

Pelinna OF

485.7 'and

you

will

go under the earth,

once

you have accomplished the

same

rites

as

the other happy ones', Thurii

OF

488-489.7

T

come as

a

suppliant

before

chaste

Persephone,

to

see

if,

benevolent,

she

may

send

me

to

the

dwelling

of

the

limpid

ones'.

24

OF

497-505.

25


2004,

10.


5/7

56

A. Bernabe'

OcLacoc,

owever, oes

seem tobe documented

n

nother

rphic gold tablet.

antamaria

lvarez has

proposed a new reading or

difficultassage

in a leaf from

hurii OF

487.2):26

68ELOV?

*

0

laC

6FlelVCCLEE+V

a.VOV?V'

RCCkU7tVTC

In

this eries

f letters he

first

ord

(&6lOv)

and thefinal

nes

(m4

Xkacy

vov

Fa

Xcka

aWva)

were

clear,but forthe

rest

ome

unconvincing eadings

ere

proposed

and sometimes he assage

was left

s

a locusdesperatus.27

antamariaAlvarez proposes:

6?LOV

EC

OL'C

?i C'

LVUL,

+VXay

'vov

?V

[taXca

rAVTc

You must go to

theright hiasos, earing nmind

everythingery

well.

The verse

is notmetrical,

ut

two

dactylic

equencesbadlyassembled are

visible.Metrical

irregularitys

frequent

n the

old

tablets.

The

OLicoc

is

the

groupof

the nitiatesn theNetherworld nd

for themystes

thegold tablet

s 'a

claim of

membership'28 hich enables

him

to

be admitted

n

the ocus amoenus

reserved

nHades for

this roup.

n

the herai tablet,

oo, themystes

rgues that

e is

an

initiate

n somemysteries

related o n

Orphic

ambience.

3.5. Dionysus is clearlymentionedin two hessalian gold tablets rom elinna (OF 485-486.2):

dlU;lV

('FEQC+06vuL

C'

OTL

BaXtocLC

&UTOC

?VC?.

Furthermore,

heownerof

a

gold

tabletfrom mphipolis

(OF 496n),

a

woman, defines

herself s

?VOIU

A ovcov Buxxiov; in the ther

eaf from herai

(OF 493)

thenomen acrum

AV69LX?

3r;Cl6O0VQCoV,

ndoubtedly

eferring

o

ionysos,

is

repeated,

nd

in that

rom ipponion (OF 474.16)

gVCTuL

nd

P3/xxoL

ppear together.29

3.6.


xhaustively ather uotations

f

ANrWTfQ

OOVcl.One

is a

passage

from ausanias, according

towhich the akonians

claim that

hey

were

taught

o

worship

Chthonian

Demeter

byOrpheus.30

urthermore,

he

pithet

OoviLU

ppears

in an

Orphic

hymn

to

emeter

(40.12)

and,

several enturies

efore,

n a

gold

tablet rom

hurii,31

s

applied

toKore.

3.7. The presence in thisgold tablet fDemeter andM4TflQ oQiLa surprised hefirstditors nd

fostered

he

traditional

endency

mongst

ritish

philologists

todoubt

the

rphic

character f

the

gold

tablets.32ut,

as

Graf-Johnston

ointout,33

rpheus

was

associated

with thefoundationf

manymyster

ies (in fact, ith thefoundation

f all

kXETci).34

nd on p.

155 they dd that

he roup recalls

the urob

pantheon;

f.

P.

Gurob (OF 578):

BQLWbo

..

AuTjrflQ

...

P?0C

.

IQLXEJtayl7/ALOVVcoC.

MiTiQ

O'QcLC

ppears

in

several

places35,

but

from

the

perspective

of

Orphica

some

are

espe

cially

significant:

ur. Cret. fr. 72.13

Kannicht

(=

OF

567.13)

MTQ

T

O'Q?cLOl,

n

a

passage

whose

Orphic

character

eems

evident36

r the

quivalent

expressions

Kov0fQrlv)

MrtQoc

6OQ?LoiVoiiC,

26

Santamar?a

Alvarez,

M.

A.,

verbal communication.

This

proposal

is

accepted by

Bernab?

2007,

455

(addenda

et

corri

genda)

and

by

Bernab?-Jim?nez

San

Crist?bal

2008,

96,

258.

27

Cf.

more

details

in

Bernab?-Jim?nez

San Crist?bal

2008,

96

and

258.

28

Graf-Johnston

2007,

95.

29

Cf.

Bernab?-Jim?nez

San Crist?bal

2008,154-155

y

2-53.

30

Paus.

3.14.5

(OF 533)

AfjprjTQa

??

XOovtav

Aaxe?aipovioi p?v ce?eiv

cj)aci

Jtaoa?ovxoc

ccjnciv

Qc))?a)c.

31

Orph.

H.

40.12

ci)

xOovia,

OF 492.8

ArjpfrteQ

...

Koqt]

X9ovta

(Burkert

:

xaQrjx^ovia

gold

tablet).

32

West

1983,

for

example, completely

ignores

the

gold

tablets.

It

is

very

significant

also

that the first information

offered

by

R. Parker

(British

Epigraphy

Society,

Newsletter

N.S.

no

9

spring

2003

(http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/BES/newsletters/besnews9.

pdf)

was

entitled

"A

new

unorphic

gold

tablet"

and the

report's

end

was:

'There

is

nothing Orphic

here

...

by

the second

half

of

the third

century

B.C.

(the

provisional

date for

the

tablet)

the

possible

routes

to

salvation

had

apparently multiplied.'

33

Graf-Johnston

2007,

121.

34

Cf.

Bernab?

forthcoming

b,

with

bibliography.

The initiate

mentioned

them,

probably

convinced

that

all

of

them

were

related

to

Orpheus.

35 Cf.


2004,

14-15: E. Hel. 1301ss.

OQeta

...

\xaxx\Q

(referring

to

Demeter),

Hipp.

144

(presented

as a

goddess

who

can

provoke

madness,

like

Pan,

Hecate

and

the

Corybants),

Ar. Av. 746

(invoked

by

the birds'

chorus),

Hymn

Id. Dact. 8

and

23,

Telest. fr. 6.2

Page,

Poll. 5.13.

36

Cf.

bibliography uoted

in

OF

567. It is curious

enough

that

arker-Stamatopoulou

2004,

8

quote

the

line 10

of

the

same

fragment,

about

Ai?c

l?aiou

p?cxrjc,

but

they

do

not

highlight

that in the

same

passage

Mf]tr|Q

o?eia

ismentioned.


6/7

Some

Thoughts

bout

the New'

Gold

Tabletfrom

herai 57

0QyLo0kQvtuCL

n

Orph.H.

31.537

or

0Q9CCL6Qgo0V

E

kUTQFcLV

MrTQO6C

n

thereference

o

Orpheus'

works in

rph.

A. 21s., or

aThuriigold tablet OF 492. 1) inwhich

KvPEXEFIcL

OQQcC

..

AihrITQoc

are

mentioned.38

3.8.


nd

especially

Ferrari-Prauscello

ffer

nterestinguggestions

oncern

ing the ult towhich this old tablet houldbe adscribed; errari-Prauscello lso pointoutmany orphic

connections, ut

I

do not refer

ere

to

their

onclusions,

because

I

think hat

table

cults

have

a

minor

importance n the tudy f thegold tablets. hey do not seem tobe related

o stable cults; they

re

not

found n sanctuaries, ut in

tombs;they o

not

refer

o

public cults,

but

are

found

n

the

rivate

phere,

and

orpheotelestai ractise

n

itinerant

raft39.

3.9. The clearest rgument

n

favour f

the

rphic

character

f

the herai

gold

tablet

s

its

total

oin

cidencewith the

erformative

chema f

many

other

ablets, ccording

owhich

the nitiate

or somebody

on

his/her

ehalf)

declares

something

or he ake

of

claiming privileged

ituation n the

nderworld,

s

a

memberof a chosengroup

to

which he/she elonged

while

he/she

as

alive.The elements f this

attern

can

be

seen

in the

following able:

Gold

tablet Initiate's

declaration

Place that

s

claimed forhim

or declarationmade on

his

behalf

Hipponion

I

am

the

on

of

Earth and

starry

eaven

the

acred

way

of other

'CTCcL

ui

ui

PdxXo

Petelia

I

am

the

on

of

Earth and

starry

eaven

reign

with

the

therheroes

Pelinna you have

accomplished

the

rites

go under the arthwith

the

ther

happy

ones

liberation

nd

rebirth

Thurii

488

I

come

from mong

the

ure, pure conversion into

god, reborn

I

belong toyour

blessed

race in the ap

of the oddess

Thurii 489-90

I

come from mong thepure,pure tobe accepted inthe

welling

on the

impid

I

belong

to

your

blessed race ones

Ihave paid the

unishment

Pherai 493 password /

the nitiate

s free

from toenter

n

the acredmeadow

punishment

Thurii

487

keeping everything ery

well

togo to the

right

hiasos /

onversion nto

god

in the

meadows of

Persephone

Pherai

493a

I

have celebrated therites / possess to

be

accepted

in

the

thiasos

f

initiates

OQyLa

There are also close ties etween his ablet nd those fPelinna.

n

ll of

them akchos appears s guarantor

of

the oul's

liberation

nd

Persephone

s

the

oddesswho

can

carry

t ut.

Both

in

this ablet nd

in

one

from elinna rites

rementioned PelinnaOF 485

TEX?cCc

neQ,

herai

t?Xiq).

4.

Conclusion

The tablet rom herai showsthe amefeatures hich arecharacteristicf the rphic ambience:vocabu

lary, eographic

rigin,

ime, rchaeological ontext, aterial,

divinities,

unction, etricalpatterns nd

performativecheme.

Moreover nothing

n

it

contradicts

n

Orphic context.

he

conclusion, therefore

cannot e

otherthan

o

ccept

its

rphic provenance.

Bibliography

Arvanitopoulos,

A.

1907.

Xoovix?,

PAAH:

160.

Avram,

A.

2002.

Der

dionysische

Thiasos

in

Kallatis:

Organisation,

Repr?sentation,

Funktion,

in

U.

Egelhaaf

37

Ricciardelli

2000,

357,

ad loc.

38

There

is

an

interesting

far antecedent of the

relationship

between

K?re,

Demeter and theMountain

Mother in

several

Mycenaean tablets from Thebes: TH Fq (1) 126.1-2; (1) 130.1-2, etc., where ma-ka (i. e.M?i Tai), o-po-re-i (i. e. ?JtOQ?hi,

a

compound by

?Jti,

Mycenaean

variant

of

?m,

and

?qoc),

that s the

god

or

goddess

(the

gender

in

this

type

f

adjectives

is

ambiguous)

who is

over

the

mountain,

and ko-wa

(i.e.

xOQf?i)

are

mentioned.

Cf.

Bernab?,

forthcoming

a,

contra

Duhoux

2006.

39

Cf. OF

653-655,

Jim?nez an

Crist?bal

2008.


7/7

58

A. Bernabe

Gaiser

-

A.

Sch?fer

(eds.),

Religi?se

Vereine

in der

r?mischen

Antike.

Untersuchung

zu

Organisation,

Ritual

und

Raumordnung,

T?bingen,

69-80.

Bernab?,

A.

2007.

Poetae

Epici

Graeci

testimonia

et

fragmenta

II fase.

3,

Musaeus

Linus

Epimenides

Papyrus

Derveni

Indices,

Berlin-New

York.

Bernab?, A. forthcominga. Las posibles menciones religiosas de Tebas, Simposio Internacional 55 a?os deMice

nolog?a

(1952-2007),

Bellaterra,

12-13

abril,

2007.

Bernab?,

A.

forthcoming

b.

Orfeo

y

Eleusis,

to

be

published

in

Synthesis.

Bernab?,

A.

-

Casades?s,

F.

(eds.)

2008.

Orfeo

y

la tradici?n

?rfica,

un

reencuentro,

Madrid.

Bernab?,

A.

-

Jim?nez

San

Crist?bal,

A. I. 2008. Instructions

for

theNetherworld. The

Orphic

Gold

Tablets,

Leiden-Boston.

Duhoux,

Y.

2006.

Adieu

au

ma-ka

enossien.

Une nouvelle

lecture

en

KN F 51

et

ses

cons?quences

pour

les tablettes

lin?aire

B de

Th?bes,

Kadmos

45,

1-19.

Ferrari,

F. 2007. Review ofGraf-Johnston

2007,

BMCR

2007.10.15.

Ferrari,

F.

-

Prauscello,

L. 2007.

Demeter

Chthonia

and the

Mountain Mother

in

New Gold

Tablet from

Magoula

Mati,ZFF162:

193-202.

Graf,

F.

-

Johnston,

S.

I. 2007.

Ritual

Texts

for

the

Afterlife.Orpheus

and

theBacchic

Gold

Tables,

London-New

York.

Henrichs,

A.

1969.

Die Maenaden

von

Milet,

ZPE 4:

223-241.

Jim?nez

San

Crist?bal,

A. 2008. Los orteotelestas

y

la

vida

?rfica,

in

Bernab?-Casades?s,

2008:

771-779.

Jim?nez San

Crist?bal,

A.

forthcoming.

Dioniso

Melan?gida,

inActas del

XII

Congreso

Espa?ol

de

Estudios

Cl?si

cos,

Valencia

2007.

Motte,

A.

-

Pirenne-Delforge,

V.

1992.

Le

mot et

les rites.

Aper?u

des

significations

de

?Qyicx

et

de

quelques

d?riv?s,

Kernos5: 119-140.

Parker,

R.

-

Stamatopoulou,

M. 2004.

A

new

funerary

gold

leaf from

Pherai,

AE: 1-32.

Ricciardelli,

G.

2000. Inni

Orfici,

Milano.

Turcan,

R.

1992.

L'?laboration

des

myst?res

dionysiaques

?

l'?poque hell?nistique

et

romaine:

de

l'orgiasme

?

l'initiation,

inA. Moreau

(ed.),

L'Initiation,

Montpellier,

Universit? Paul

Val?ry:

I,

215-233.

West,

M. L.

1983.

Orphie

Poems,

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Universidad

Complutense

Alberto

Bernabe

Prof.Alberto

Bernabe

UniversidadComplutense

deMadrid

Ciudad

Universitaria

28040

Madrid

Espafia

[email protected]

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